US3105916A - Radiation beam window - Google Patents

Radiation beam window Download PDF

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Publication number
US3105916A
US3105916A US54737A US5473760A US3105916A US 3105916 A US3105916 A US 3105916A US 54737 A US54737 A US 54737A US 5473760 A US5473760 A US 5473760A US 3105916 A US3105916 A US 3105916A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
window
coolant
frame
foils
disc
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US54737A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roy C Marker
Sherman R Farrell
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High Voltage Engineering Corp
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High Voltage Engineering Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by High Voltage Engineering Corp filed Critical High Voltage Engineering Corp
Priority to US54737A priority Critical patent/US3105916A/en
Priority to NL267888A priority patent/NL267888A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3105916A publication Critical patent/US3105916A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/18—Windows permeable to X-rays, gamma-rays, or particles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in a radiation beam window, and more particularly to thin windows of the class providing for the passage of a radiation beam between hermetically separated regions.
  • the irradiation of a target situated outside the accelerator vacuum tank may Well be desired.
  • a typical example of this type of operation occurs in the use of an electron linear accelerator to sterilize food by irradiation thereof.
  • the food material which is generally packaged prior to the irradiation, cannot be placed in vacuum in many instances and a beam exit window must therefore be provided on the accelerator.
  • a beam window would ideally be formed of a low density foil having just sufiicient thickness to withstand the pressure differential between the opposite sides of the window.
  • the present invention is a radiation beam window having self-contained provision for efiicient cooling with minimum attenuation of the beam.
  • the invention provides for the passage of fluid coolant through a very large proportion of the area of the window.
  • the invent-ion is a window formed of foil-like material and formed to have a spaced apart double wall construction over at least a majority of the area of the window thus providing an extensive coolant channel therein. Suitable manifolding may be provided around the periphery of the window to force a fluid coolant flow between the double walls thereof.
  • the spacing between the double walls of the window is kept small and coolant is forced therethrough at high velocities.
  • Such construction enhances heat transfer to the coolant and reduces beam attenuation to minimum values.
  • the window may, for example, be formed to have an arcuate cross section.
  • a second means for strengthening the window against deformation utilizes a pair of undulating foils which alternately contact and separate to form the desired coolant passages.
  • various internal bracing means formed of thin material may be disposed between the two principal foils.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a gas-tight window structure for transmitting a radiation beam which structure is efiiciently cooled and minimizes attenuation of the beam.
  • a still further object of the presentinvention is to provide a radiation beam window formed of foil-like gas impervious material and having efi'icient cooling provision and strengthening provision whereby very thin materials may be employed.
  • FIGURE 1 is a frontal view of a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 a longitudinal section view of the embodiment of FIGURE 1 taken along line 22 thereof;
  • FIGURE 3 a section view of the apparatus of FIG- URE 1 taken along angled line 33 thereof and with coolant supply elements shown in schematic form;
  • FIGURE 4 a frontal View of a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIGURE 5 a section view of the embodiment of FIG- URE 4 taken along line 5-5 thereof;
  • FIGURE 6 a section view of the embodiment of 1 FIGURE 4 taken along line 66 thereof;
  • FIGURE 7 a perspective view of a third form of the invention with a portion thereof broken out to illustrate interior details
  • FIGURE 8 a perspective view of a fourth form of our invention and showing a portion thereof broken out;
  • FIGURE 9 a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the invention with a portion thereof cut away to show the internal construction.
  • FIG. 1 a first form of our invention is shown mounted at the beam output of an electron linear accelerator.
  • An accelerator of this type may typically be provided with a cylindrical output tube -11 having a terminal flange 12.
  • the beam indicated by to some pattern.
  • the window structure may be required to be of greater extent than the nominal beam cross-section area and can be of any of various outlines.
  • the beam transmitting area of window structure 14 is here shown to be of an elongated configuration. It should be understood, however, that the window may have various other desired configurations and is not limited to that herein described.
  • an inner window disc 16 is disposed against the tube flange 12 which disc is circular and positioned coaxially with respect to the tube.
  • Suitable sealing provision such as an annular sharp projection 17 on flange 12, should be provided between the tube 11 and disc 16.
  • a central area of the disc 16 in this instance an elongated area 18 having parallel sides and rounded end boundaries, is made of thinner construction than the peripheral areas of the disc in order to provide a beam transmitting element.
  • the area 18 of the disc 16 may have a thickness of 0.015 inch where the disc is aluminum alloy and the area 18 is 3.5 inches long and 1.375 inches wide.
  • the area is formed to have a smoothly curved dished configuration.
  • the area 18 is preferably arched both with respect to the long dimension and the transverse dimension and with the convex face adjacent 4 the evacuated beam tube 11.
  • the specific curvature may variously be circular, catenary or other.
  • annular clamping ring 21 is disposed against disc 16 on the opposite side thereof from flange 12, the ring being of slightly greater outside diameter than the discand being coaxial therewith.
  • An annular lip 22 on the ring 21 projects over the rim of the disc 16 to accurately position the disc.
  • Annular sealing embossments 23 are formed around the side of ring 21 which faces disc 16 and also around the opposite face of the ring.
  • a circular outer window disc 24 is disposed coaxially against the outer face of clamping ring 21 which disc has a central opening 26 conforming to the area 18 of disc 16.
  • the outer window disc 24 is formed with a thickened area around the margin of opening 26 which thickened area 27 extends a short distance towards disc 16 from the side of the disc 24 facing disc 16.
  • an outer foil member 28 is secured to disc 24 which member has a central thin area 29 conforming in configuration and curvature with the area 18 of disc 16.
  • the member 28 has a thick rim 31 secured against area 27 of disc 24 by welds 32.
  • the member 28 is proportioned so that the thin area 29 thereof is spaced at small distance outward from the matching thin area 18 of disc 16 thus forming an internal coolant passage 33 between the two foils.
  • the spacing may be varied somewhat according to the degree of cooling required but should be kept to the minimum consistent with adequate cooling in order to minimize the amount of matter present in the beam path. In a window of the dimensions hereinabove given, a spacing of 0.05 inch 'might typically be used.
  • the area 27 of disc 24 and the thick rim 31 of the foil member 28 are proportioned to contact the inner surface of clamping ring 21 at the regions adjacent the ends of the foil areas 13 and 29 so the region between discs 16 and 24 is divided into a coolant inlet chamber 34 at one side of the foils and a coolant outlet chamber 36 at the opposite side thereof.
  • an outer clamping ring 37 is disposed against disc 24 and studs 38 are transpierced through the ring 3?, disc 24-, ring 21 and disc 16 and are threadably engaged in the beam tube flange :12, the studs being equi-angularly distributed around the flange.
  • an inlet passage 39 is provided in the clamping ring 21 which passage communicates with coolant inlet chamber 34 and an outlet passage 41 is provided at the opposite side of the ring which latter passage communicates with the outlet chamber 36.
  • a fitting 42 is engaged in inlet passage 39 and connects with a conduit 43 leading through a pump 44 to a suitable source of fluid coolant 46.
  • coolant return conduit 4'7 is provided connecting source 46 with a second 1 fitting 48 engaged in outlet passage 41.
  • the coolant employed may be either liquid or gaseous. If liquid is employed, more effective cooling may be achieved but a greater beam attenuation occurs. Gas has the advantage of minimum beam attenuation but requires more complex circulating equipment and is less efiective from the standpoint of heat transfer.
  • the present invention may take other forms both with respect to the general configuration of the frame means and the structure of the foils.
  • FIG- URES 4, 5 and 6 in conjunction, a second embodiment of the window is shown which is of generally rectangular configuration and in which strengthening of the foils is effected by utilizing a different curvature therein.
  • a rectangular frame 49 is formed by long parallel side members 51 and 52 connected at the ends by end members 53 and defining a rectangular central opening 54.
  • Each of the component members of the frame 49' is formed with an inner section 56 of reduced thickness thus forming a sub-frame around the margin of the opening 54.
  • the section 56 of the end members 53 is stepped to receive the end edges of a pair of rectangular foils 57 and 58.
  • the foils 57 and 58 are formed with matching parallel corrugations 59 extending at right angles to the frame side members 51 and 52.
  • the corrugations 59 are of opposite curvature on the two foils 57 and 58 so that the foils contact along parallel zones 61 and separate between the zones to define coolant channels 62 Within the window.
  • the foils 57 and 58 are bonded together along zones 61.
  • projections 63 are formed on sections 56 of the frame side members 51 and 52, which projections have a configuration matching the space between foil corrugations 59 and which project a short distance into each corrugation at the ends thereof.
  • the edges of foils 57 and 53 are hermetically bonded to projections 63 and also to the stepped end of section 56 of frame end members 53.
  • a longitudinal bore 64 is provided in each of the frame side members 51 and 52 and fittings 66 communicate therewith.
  • a passage 67 extends through each projection 63 to communicate each end of coolant channels 62 with the bores 64.
  • FIGURE 7 there is shown a third embodiment of the invention closely related to the form of FIGURES 4, 5 and 6, but fabricated in a mod-ified manner.
  • the frame 4-9 and associated coolant circulating provisions may be essentially similar to that described with reference to FIGURES 4, 5 and 6-.
  • a series of foil tubulations 68 are employed which tubulations are preferably somewhat flattened.
  • One such tribulation 68 extends between .each pair of opposed projections 63' on the frame side members 51 and 52' and is hermetically bonded to the projections.
  • FIGURE 8 a fourth modification of the invention is shown in which still another means is used to impart strength to the foil structure.
  • the frame -49 may again be similar to that of FIGURES 4, 5 and 6 except that the projection 63" along the side members 51" and 52" is of uniform cross section rather than having a corrugated configuration.
  • the coolant inlet and outlet fittings 66" are here shown entering the end of the frame -49" to illustrate varied possible constructions.
  • a pair of flat rectangular foils 69 are secured within the central opening 54" of [frame 49", the foils being spaced apart and disposed one on each side of the subframe defined by section 56 of the frame.
  • FIGURE 9 still another modification of the invention is shown in which a differing provision is used for purposes of strengthening the window.
  • This embodiment is shown in circular form to illustrate the varied applications of the invention.
  • An annular frame structure 76 is provided, the inner portion 77 of which is of reduced thickness to form an annular sub-frame around the periphery of a central circular opening 78.
  • the frame may be constructed of two segments which are welded together.
  • an inner annulus 82 is provided with the passages 79 and 81 machined therein in the form of grooves and an outer annulus *83' is secured around the inner annulus in coaxial relation therewith to close the grooves and define the passages.
  • a pair of circular foils 84 are mounted in the opening 78 of the frame 76, the foils being parallel and spaced one on each side of the portion 77 of the frame.
  • the inner corners of portion 77 of the frame are rabbeted to receive the edges of the foils 84 and the foils are hermetically bonded thereto.
  • a third circular foil 86 is mounted between the two foils 84 in parallel relation therewith and substantially midway therebetween.
  • An annular projection 87 is provided around the center of frame portion 77 to form a shelf to which the edge of the third foil 86 may be bonded.
  • the third foil 86 is formed to have dimple protuberances 88 distributed at spaced apart points on the foil which protuberances are alternately on opposite sides of the foil.
  • the protuberances are of suflicient extent to contact the fiat foil 84 and each such protuberance is bonded to the adjacent foil 84.
  • the center foil 86 divides the region between foils 84 into two parallel coolant channels 89.
  • spaced apart parallel passages 91 are provided in portion 77 of the frame, each pair of such passages being spaced one on each side of the plane of the center foil 86.
  • Such passages 91 are provided at a first side of the frame to communicate bet-ween inlet passage 79 and the channels 89 and at the opposite side of the frame to connect outlet passage 81 with channels 84.
  • Suitable fittings 92 are mounted in the frame 76 to connect inlet and outlet passages 79 and 81 respectively with a source of coolant as hereinbefore described.
  • a frame means having an extensive opening therein for the passage of said beam, a pair of foil-like sheets of gas impervious material disposed within said opening of said frame means and hermetically sealing said opening, said sheets having matching undulations thereby being contacted at spaced apart parallel linear zones and thereby being spaced apart between said zones to form coolant channels Within said opening of said frame means, and means for forcing fluid coolant through said channels.
  • a thin window structure for transmitting a radiation beam
  • the combination comprising a frame means having an extensive opening therein for the passage of said beam, a plurality of parallel tribulations extending across said opening of said frame means, said tribulations being juxtaposed and bonded together to hermetically seal said opening in said frame means, and means for forcing fluid coolant through said tubulations.
  • a thin window structure for transmitting a radiation beam comprising, in combination, a frame means having an extensive opening therein for the passage of said beam, at first and a second sheet of foil-like material mounted in said opening of said frame means and hermetically sealing said opening, said first and second sheets being spaced apart to form a coolant channel across said opening, a stiffening means disposed between said first and second sheets, said stiffening means comprising a third sheet or" foil-like material having parallel corrugations extending across said opening and contacting said first and second sheets, and means for forcing fluid coolant through said coolant channel.

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US54737A 1960-09-08 1960-09-08 Radiation beam window Expired - Lifetime US3105916A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US54737A US3105916A (en) 1960-09-08 1960-09-08 Radiation beam window
NL267888A NL267888A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1960-09-08 1961-08-03

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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375387A (en) * 1967-01-24 1968-03-26 Commerce Usa Fluid cooled multi-foil radiation beam window for high power beam tubes
US3440466A (en) * 1965-09-30 1969-04-22 Ford Motor Co Window support and heat sink for electron-discharge device
US3486060A (en) * 1967-09-06 1969-12-23 High Voltage Engineering Corp Cooling apparatus with laminar flow for electron permeable windows
US3576583A (en) * 1966-11-02 1971-04-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Direct record image discharge tube
US3683179A (en) * 1970-03-11 1972-08-08 John R Norman Means for irradiating materials
US3780334A (en) * 1971-06-09 1973-12-18 Thomson Csf Vacuum tube for generating a wide beam of fast electrons
US4122967A (en) * 1976-02-11 1978-10-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum-tight window structure for the passage of x-rays and similar penetrating radiation
US4324980A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-04-13 Siemens Medical Laboratories, Inc. Electron exit window assembly for a linear accelerator
US4409511A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-10-11 Rpc Industries Phase transition cooled window for broad beam electron gun
US4461972A (en) * 1980-05-30 1984-07-24 Dmitriev Stanislav P Charged particle accelerator vacuum chamber
US4550684A (en) * 1983-08-11 1985-11-05 Genus, Inc. Cooled optical window for semiconductor wafer heating
US4612582A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-09-16 Electronic Systems Products Inc. Liquid cooled cathode ray tube assembly for video image projection systems
US4680447A (en) * 1983-08-11 1987-07-14 Genus, Inc. Cooled optical window for semiconductor wafer heating
WO1994024691A1 (en) * 1993-04-12 1994-10-27 Charged Injection Corporation Electron beam window devices and methods of making same
US5391958A (en) * 1993-04-12 1995-02-21 Charged Injection Corporation Electron beam window devices and methods of making same
EP0651398A1 (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-05-03 W.R. Grace & Co. Hydronic cooling of particle accelerator window
US5486703A (en) * 1992-10-01 1996-01-23 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Hydronic cooling of particle accelerator window
US5659223A (en) * 1995-07-14 1997-08-19 Science Research Laboratory, Inc. System for extracting a high power beam comprising air dynamic and foil windows
AU708665B2 (en) * 1992-10-01 1999-08-12 Cryovac, Inc. Hydronic cooling of particle accelerator window
US20070145304A1 (en) * 2003-10-20 2007-06-28 La Calhene Electron gun with a focusing anode, forming a window for said gun and application thereof to irradiation and sterilization
US20090045350A1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2009-02-19 Heinz Humele Apparatus for sterilising containers
US20090090875A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2009-04-09 Gelbart William Z Higher pressure, modular target system for radioisotope production
US20110012495A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2011-01-20 Advanced Electron Beams, Inc. Emitter Exit Window
DE102012108639A1 (de) * 2012-09-14 2014-05-28 Krones Ag Vorrichtung zum Sterilisieren von Behältnissen mit kombinierter Gasflüssigkeitskühlung für ein Austrittsfenster
WO2016081484A1 (en) * 2014-11-17 2016-05-26 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Apparatus for preparing medical radioisotopes
EP4279403A3 (en) * 2022-04-26 2024-04-03 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Sterilization apparatus having an irradiation beam emitting device and packaging machine having a sterilization apparatus

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820165A (en) * 1951-07-13 1958-01-14 High Voltage Engineering Corp Means for cooling the windows of acceleration tubes for electrostatic generators
US2907704A (en) * 1957-07-19 1959-10-06 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electron irradiation

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820165A (en) * 1951-07-13 1958-01-14 High Voltage Engineering Corp Means for cooling the windows of acceleration tubes for electrostatic generators
US2907704A (en) * 1957-07-19 1959-10-06 High Voltage Engineering Corp Electron irradiation

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3440466A (en) * 1965-09-30 1969-04-22 Ford Motor Co Window support and heat sink for electron-discharge device
US3576583A (en) * 1966-11-02 1971-04-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Direct record image discharge tube
US3375387A (en) * 1967-01-24 1968-03-26 Commerce Usa Fluid cooled multi-foil radiation beam window for high power beam tubes
US3486060A (en) * 1967-09-06 1969-12-23 High Voltage Engineering Corp Cooling apparatus with laminar flow for electron permeable windows
US3683179A (en) * 1970-03-11 1972-08-08 John R Norman Means for irradiating materials
US3780334A (en) * 1971-06-09 1973-12-18 Thomson Csf Vacuum tube for generating a wide beam of fast electrons
US4122967A (en) * 1976-02-11 1978-10-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum-tight window structure for the passage of x-rays and similar penetrating radiation
US4461972A (en) * 1980-05-30 1984-07-24 Dmitriev Stanislav P Charged particle accelerator vacuum chamber
US4324980A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-04-13 Siemens Medical Laboratories, Inc. Electron exit window assembly for a linear accelerator
US4409511A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-10-11 Rpc Industries Phase transition cooled window for broad beam electron gun
US4612582A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-09-16 Electronic Systems Products Inc. Liquid cooled cathode ray tube assembly for video image projection systems
US4550684A (en) * 1983-08-11 1985-11-05 Genus, Inc. Cooled optical window for semiconductor wafer heating
US4680447A (en) * 1983-08-11 1987-07-14 Genus, Inc. Cooled optical window for semiconductor wafer heating
AU708665B2 (en) * 1992-10-01 1999-08-12 Cryovac, Inc. Hydronic cooling of particle accelerator window
US5486703A (en) * 1992-10-01 1996-01-23 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Hydronic cooling of particle accelerator window
US5391958A (en) * 1993-04-12 1995-02-21 Charged Injection Corporation Electron beam window devices and methods of making same
WO1994024691A1 (en) * 1993-04-12 1994-10-27 Charged Injection Corporation Electron beam window devices and methods of making same
US5478266A (en) * 1993-04-12 1995-12-26 Charged Injection Corporation Beam window devices and methods of making same
EP0651398A1 (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-05-03 W.R. Grace & Co. Hydronic cooling of particle accelerator window
US5659223A (en) * 1995-07-14 1997-08-19 Science Research Laboratory, Inc. System for extracting a high power beam comprising air dynamic and foil windows
US7800012B2 (en) * 2003-10-20 2010-09-21 La Calhene Electron gun with a focusing anode, forming a window for said gun and application thereof to irradiation and sterilization
US20070145304A1 (en) * 2003-10-20 2007-06-28 La Calhene Electron gun with a focusing anode, forming a window for said gun and application thereof to irradiation and sterilization
US8294126B2 (en) * 2007-04-19 2012-10-23 Krones Ag Apparatus for sterilising containers
US20090045350A1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2009-02-19 Heinz Humele Apparatus for sterilising containers
US20090090875A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2009-04-09 Gelbart William Z Higher pressure, modular target system for radioisotope production
US20110012495A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2011-01-20 Advanced Electron Beams, Inc. Emitter Exit Window
US8339024B2 (en) * 2009-07-20 2012-12-25 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Methods and apparatuses for reducing heat on an emitter exit window
DE102012108639A1 (de) * 2012-09-14 2014-05-28 Krones Ag Vorrichtung zum Sterilisieren von Behältnissen mit kombinierter Gasflüssigkeitskühlung für ein Austrittsfenster
WO2016081484A1 (en) * 2014-11-17 2016-05-26 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Apparatus for preparing medical radioisotopes
US10867715B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2020-12-15 Triad National Security, Llc Apparatus for preparing medical radioisotopes
EP4279403A3 (en) * 2022-04-26 2024-04-03 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Sterilization apparatus having an irradiation beam emitting device and packaging machine having a sterilization apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
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