US3103782A - Propellant compositions - Google Patents
Propellant compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3103782A US3103782A US69811A US6981160A US3103782A US 3103782 A US3103782 A US 3103782A US 69811 A US69811 A US 69811A US 6981160 A US6981160 A US 6981160A US 3103782 A US3103782 A US 3103782A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- fuel
- hypergolic
- group
- hydrazine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 PHENYL Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CIZVQWNPBGYCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenediazonium Chemical class N#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1 CIZVQWNPBGYCGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004796 dialkyl magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100006556 KIF6 Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 101700027664 KIF6 Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019000 fluorine Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atoms Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NN BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004804 Iberis amara Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940077744 antacids containing magnesium compounds Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JNCLVGMBRSKDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenediazonium;tetrafluoroborate Chemical class F[B-](F)(F)F.N#[N+]C1=CC=CC=C1 JNCLVGMBRSKDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000090 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- DMJZZSLVPSMWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diborane Chemical compound B1[H]B[H]1 DMJZZSLVPSMWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009114 investigational therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/02—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant
- C06B47/08—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant a component containing hydrazine or a hydrazine derivative
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/02—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant
- C06B47/10—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant a component containing free boron, an organic borane or a binary compound of boron, except with oxygen
Description
United States Patent 3,103,782 PROPELLANT COMPOSITIONS George A. Olah and Stephen J. Kuhn, Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, assignors to The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Nov. 17, 1960, Ser. No. 69,811 2 Claims. (Cl. 60-35.4)
This invention relates to propellant compositions and more particularly to propellant compositions useful in the propulsion of rockets.
In the rocket propellant field elementary fluorine in the liquid state has been proposed as an oxidizer to be used in conjunction with fuels. For example, a combination of fluorine and hydrazine is considered one of the most powerful rocket propellant compositions. However, liquid fluorine presents many problems in handling because of its high reactivity and toxicity.
It is the principal object of this invention to provide safe efficient fuels and oxidizers whose interaction will result in the high energies normally associated with the interaction of elementary fluorine and such fuels as hydrazine. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a propellant comprising a non-hypergolic fuel and a solid source of fluorine. Other objects will become apparent hereinafter.
We have now discovered certain solid complex fluoride compounds which possess excellent hypergolic properties when interacted withconventional fuels.
OXIDIZERS After an investigation, suitable sources of fluorine we prefer to employ are the solid complex fluoride compounds KBrF KIF SbC-lF AsCIF and AsBrF We have found that the interaction of the aforesaid complex fluoride compounds produce large volumes of gases when interacted with conventional fuels hereinafter set forth.
FUELS The fuels we have found hypergolically operable with the complex fluoride compounds KBrF MF SbC-IF SbBrF AsClF and AsBrF fall into the following groups:
Group I.Symmetrical and asymmetrical alkyl hydrazines and their salts, said alkyl groups containing from one to three carbon atoms.
Group IL-Organic alkyl diand poly-amines and polyamine benzenes, said alkyl groups containing from one to four carbon atoms.
Group [IL-Phenyl diazonium tetrafluoroborates and related stable phenyl diazonium salts with nitro, amino and alkyl substituents, said alkyl substituents containing from one to two carbon atoms.
Group 1V.Aluminum and boron alky-ls, said alkyl groups containing from one to three carbon atoms.
Group V.A1kyl borazanes, said alkyl group containing from one to four carbon atoms.
Group V1.Decaborane.
Group VlI.--Aminodiborane and ammonia or hydrazine or alkyl hydrazine complexes thereof, said alkyl hydrazine complexes containing alkyl groups having from one to four carbon atoms.
Group VlI1.Dialky1 magnesium compounds, said alkyl groups containing from one to four carbon atoms.
All of the aforementioned fuels combine by simple mixing with the solid complex fluoride compounds KBIF4, KI=F SbClFg, SbBrF AsClF and AsBrF to produce extremely vigorous reactions evolving large volumes of gases. While no action usually occurs immediately upon mixing the fluoride-containing oxidizer and the fuel, after an induction period from a few to as many as 30 seconds, the reaction proceeds instantaneously and explosively.
The number of active fluorine atoms present in the oxidizer will be from three to five. With an interhalide of bromine or chlorine, there will usually be 3 to 5 active fluorine atoms present and with an Iinterhalide of iodine 5 active fluorine atoms will usually be provided. The amount of fuel that will react stoichiometrically with the fluorine source is dependent upon the replaceable hydrogens in the fuel under the conditions of the reaction. Thus, the replaceable hydrogens in hydrazine hydrochloride, NH -NH -HC1Will usually be four or five in number; in decaborane (B 14) are 14 in number; etc.
Then having determined the number of active fluorines and the number of replaceable hydrogens, the amount of fuel and solid oxidizer to be employed will be such that the ratio of active fluorine to replaceable hydrogen is from about 1:1 to about 1:6. Therefore, an excess of oxidizer is usually employed.
The following example is given to more clearly illustrate the invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereto.
Example Four parts of hydrazine (NH -NH -HCl) were mixed with approximately 22.5 parts of KBrF, in an open vessel. After a short induction period of approximately 15 seconds, a combustion occurred with explosive velocity evolving large volumes of gaseous products. In less than one minute the reaction mass had been consumed leaving a small amount of inorganic residue. Further experiments with KIF SbCIF SbBrF A-sC1F and AsBrF with other fuels defined hereinbefore, resulted in similar hypergolic reactions with a negligible amount of residue, even though the ratio of replaceable hydrogen to active fluorine was varied from about 1:1 to about 1:9.
Various modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and it is to be understood that We limit ourselves only as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
'1. A method of producing a vigorous hypergolic reaction evolving large volumes of gases which comprises admixing a hypergolic oxidizer selected from the group consisting of KBrF KIF SbClFg, SbBrF ASCIFg and AsBrF and a fuel selected from the group consisting of symmetrical and asymmetrical alkyl hydrazines and their salts, alkyl diand polyamines and polyamine benzenes, phenyl diazonium tetrafluoroborates and stable phenyl diazonium salts having nitro, amino and alkyl substituents, aluminum and boron alkyls, alkyl borazanes, deca borane, aminodiborane and ammonia, hydrazine and alkyl hydrazine complexes thereof and, dialkyl magnesium compounds, the amounts of said fuel and said oxidizer in said admixture being such that the ratio of active fluorine to replaceable hydrogen is from about 1:1 to about 1:6
thereby to produce a vigorous hypergolic reaction evolving large volumes of gases.
2. A method for producing a vigorous, high velocity combustion evolving large volumes of gaseous products which comprises:
(a) providing a solid fluorine-containing hypergolic oxidizer corresponding to the formula KBrF and hydrazine hydrochloride fuel, the relative parts by weight of said oxidizer and said fuel being about 22.5 to 4,
(b) mixing said oxidizer and said fuel thereby to produce a hypergolic high velocity reaction evolving large volumes of gaseous products.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,970,428 Zletz Feb. 7, 1961 OTHER REFERENCES 0 1959, Ordnance Engineering Handbook Oflice, Duke Univ., Durham, N.C.
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF PRODUCING A VIGOROUS HYPERGOLIC REACTION EVOLVING LARGE VOLUMES OF GASES WHICH COMPRISES ADMIXING A HYPERGOLIC OXIDIZER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF KBRF4, KIF6, SBCLF8, SBBRF8, SACIF8 AND ASBRF8 AND A FUEL SELELCTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMERTRICAL ALKY HYDRAZINES AND THEIR SALTS, ALKYL DI- AND POLYAMINES AND POLYAMINE BENZENES, PHENYL DIZONIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATES AND STABLE PHENYL DIAZONIUM SALTS HAVING NITRO, AMINO AND ALKYL SUBSTITUENTS, ALUMINUM AND BORON ALKYLS, ALKYL BORAZANES, DECABORANE, AMINODIBORANE AND AMMONIA, HYDRAZINE AND ALKYL HYDRAZINE COMPLESES THEREOF AND, DIALKYL MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS, THE AMOUNTS OF SAID FUEL AND SAID OXIDIZER IN SAID ADMIXTURE BEING SUCH THAT THE RATIO OF ACTIVE FLUORINE TO REPLACEABLE HYDROGEN IS FROM ABOUT 1:1 TO ABOUT 1:6 THEREBY TO PRODUCE A VIGOROUS HYPERGOLIC REACTION EVOLVING LARGE VOLUMES OF GASES.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69811A US3103782A (en) | 1960-11-17 | 1960-11-17 | Propellant compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69811A US3103782A (en) | 1960-11-17 | 1960-11-17 | Propellant compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3103782A true US3103782A (en) | 1963-09-17 |
Family
ID=22091360
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69811A Expired - Lifetime US3103782A (en) | 1960-11-17 | 1960-11-17 | Propellant compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3103782A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3447323A (en) * | 1967-07-26 | 1969-06-03 | Us Army | Hypergolic method for igniting high energy difluoroamino compounds |
| US3765174A (en) * | 1971-05-25 | 1973-10-16 | United Aircraft Corp | Method for generating a noncondensible gaseous fluid compatible with interhalogen oxidizers using phosphonitrilic chloride |
| US3797238A (en) * | 1965-06-04 | 1974-03-19 | United Aircraft Corp | Solid hypergolic propellant systems |
| US3830057A (en) * | 1963-11-29 | 1974-08-20 | United Aircraft Corp | Propulsion method using hypergolic solids |
| US20100111823A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Methods and systems for producing hydrogen and system for producing power |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2970428A (en) * | 1952-10-25 | 1961-02-07 | Standard Oil Co | Trithioborate rocket fuel |
-
1960
- 1960-11-17 US US69811A patent/US3103782A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2970428A (en) * | 1952-10-25 | 1961-02-07 | Standard Oil Co | Trithioborate rocket fuel |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3830057A (en) * | 1963-11-29 | 1974-08-20 | United Aircraft Corp | Propulsion method using hypergolic solids |
| US3797238A (en) * | 1965-06-04 | 1974-03-19 | United Aircraft Corp | Solid hypergolic propellant systems |
| US3447323A (en) * | 1967-07-26 | 1969-06-03 | Us Army | Hypergolic method for igniting high energy difluoroamino compounds |
| US3765174A (en) * | 1971-05-25 | 1973-10-16 | United Aircraft Corp | Method for generating a noncondensible gaseous fluid compatible with interhalogen oxidizers using phosphonitrilic chloride |
| US20100111823A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Methods and systems for producing hydrogen and system for producing power |
| US8420267B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2013-04-16 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Methods and systems for producing hydrogen and system for producing power |
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