US3102118A - -chzchj - Google Patents
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- US3102118A US3102118A US3102118DA US3102118A US 3102118 A US3102118 A US 3102118A US 3102118D A US3102118D A US 3102118DA US 3102118 A US3102118 A US 3102118A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- benzene
- compounds
- emetine
- groups
- ethyl acetate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- -1 alkali metal alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- AUVVAXYIELKVAI-CKBKHPSWSA-N Emetine Chemical compound N1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2[C@H]1C[C@H]1C[C@H]2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2C[C@@H]1CC AUVVAXYIELKVAI-CKBKHPSWSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid ethyl ester Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- RTEXIPZMMDUXMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.C1=CC=CC=C1 RTEXIPZMMDUXMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229960002694 emetine Drugs 0.000 description 18
- AUVVAXYIELKVAI-UWBTVBNJSA-N emetine Natural products N1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2[C@H]1C[C@H]1C[C@H]2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2C[C@H]1CC AUVVAXYIELKVAI-UWBTVBNJSA-N 0.000 description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 12
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- AUVVAXYIELKVAI-YMLRZMTOSA-N (2S,3R,11bS)-2-[[(1S)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]-3-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxy-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-1H-benzo[a]quinolizine Chemical compound N1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2[C@@H]1C[C@H]1C[C@H]2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2C[C@@H]1CC AUVVAXYIELKVAI-YMLRZMTOSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- DHBXNPKRAUYBTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Ethanedithiol Chemical compound CC(S)S DHBXNPKRAUYBTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 8
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960005235 Piperonyl Butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- RMOYSWDTCQZJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6H-benzo[a]quinolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2CC=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C21 RMOYSWDTCQZJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005644 Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930013930 alkaloids Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004816 paper chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N t-BuOH Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- GDRVFDDBLLKWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-quinolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2CC=CC=C21 GDRVFDDBLLKWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001923 Emetine Hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- AIEQJVVZJOTEDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl-].C1(=CC=CC=C1)SC[NH3+] Chemical compound [Cl-].C1(=CC=CC=C1)SC[NH3+] AIEQJVVZJOTEDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004659 aryl alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- YXHKONLOYHBTNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazomethane Chemical compound C=[N+]=[N-] YXHKONLOYHBTNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 2
- PSLIMVZEAPALCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;ethoxyethane Chemical compound CCO.CCOCC PSLIMVZEAPALCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MDKXBBPLEGPIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;methanol Chemical compound OC.CCOCC MDKXBBPLEGPIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012022 methylating agents Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBRKYRSUSJWLHH-HMHJJOSWSA-N o-Methylpsychotrine Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C=C2C(C[C@H]3C[C@H]4C5=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C5CCN4C[C@@H]3CC)=NCCC2=C1 FBRKYRSUSJWLHH-HMHJJOSWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M oxalate(1-) Chemical compound OC(=O)C([O-])=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 239000001184 potassium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003250 quinolizines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003039 tetrahydroisoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(NCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D455/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine
- C07D455/03—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing quinolizine ring systems directly condensed with at least one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine
- C07D455/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing quinolizine ring systems directly condensed with at least one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing a quinolizine ring system condensed with only one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. julolidine
- C07D455/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing quinolizine ring systems directly condensed with at least one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing a quinolizine ring system condensed with only one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. julolidine containing benzo [a] quinolizine ring systems
- C07D455/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing quinolizine ring systems directly condensed with at least one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. protoberberine; Alkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing a quinolizine ring system condensed with only one six-membered carbocyclic ring, e.g. julolidine containing benzo [a] quinolizine ring systems having an isoquinolyl-1, a substituted isoquinolyl-1 or an alkylenedioxyisoquinolyl-1 radical linked through only one carbon atom, attached in position 2, e.g. emetine
Definitions
- the -N -hydroxy-a1kyl group of compounds of skeletal stnucture II may be removed by oxidation with an alkali metal alkoxide and a ketone stable in the presence of alkali, preferably with an alkali metal tertiary alkoxide, for example sodium or, preferably, potassium t-butoxide and a diaromatic ketone such as
- alkali metal alkoxide and a ketone stable in the presence of alkali preferably with an alkali metal tertiary alkoxide, for example sodium or, preferably, potassium t-butoxide and a diaromatic ketone such as
- the oxidation conditions thus elfect not only oxidation but removal of the N-hydroxyalkyl side chain.
- the alkali metal butoxide is preferably an alkali metal tertiary alkoxide, such as sodium or, preferably potassium, t.butoxide.
- the 'ketone is preferably a di-aromatic ketone e.g. benzophenone.
- the ketogroup of azp-unsaturated system is not reduced under these conditions and the product is a compound of the skeletal structure in which R and R have the above meanings, often in admixture with the isomeric compound of skeletal formula
- the reducing system is conveniently an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal/ ammonia system and while for example sodium, potassium or calcium are suitable, lithium is the preferred metal for this purpose.
- the metal may for example be added to the ammonia and the compound of Formula I added in solution in an inert solvent, e.g. an ether, such as diethyl ether or tetrahydro furan or a hydrocarbon solvent such as, benzene or toluene etc.
- the 3-ethy1 group in l-emetine is equatorial as in compounds of structure V and it is necessary, therefore, that compounds of structure IV should be converted into compounds of structure V before reduction of the said keto group.
- Such con version may be effected under strong errolising conditions for example in the presence of concentrated aqueous acid for example aqueous mineral acid such as hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid e.g. 5 N sulphuric acid or alkali e.g. an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or strong organic base, e.g. triethylamine.
- This conversion may take place spontaneously in a subsequent reduction step if the reduction conditions are sufiiciently basic or acidic.
- the reduction of the keto group in compounds of gen eral structure V may be achieved by a number of methods,
- 0 such as are present in emetine may be hydrolysed.
- the preferred method is to convert the keto group into a thioketal 'group, e.g. by reaction with ethanedithiol under acid conditions, for example in the presence of a mineral acid such as hydrochloric, sulphuric acid etc., and to treat the resulting thioketal with a Raney metal, such as Raney iron or cobalt or preferably, Raney nickel, advantageously in the presence of hydrogen or with hydrazine and alkali under Wolff-Kishner conditions.
- a Raney metal such as Raney iron or cobalt or preferably, Raney nickel
- substituents which may be present include alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkoxy, analk oxy, aryloxy, alkyl, aralkyl-, or aryl-thio groups. Swbstituents may also occupy more than one position as in methylene dioxy groups.
- Preferred groups in the aromatic rings are alkoxy and methylene dioxy groups; especially preferred are methoxy groups in the 9, 1'0, '6 and 7' positions the remaining positions being unsubstituted.
- the blue colour was discharged by the addition of acetone '(ca. 11 ml.) followed by amrnbnium chloride (10 g.). Evaporation, at first at atmospheric pressure to remove the ammonia, and then in vacuo to eliminate organic solvent, gave a pale foam. Water ml.) and chloroform (40 ml.) were added. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase extracted with chloroform (4X40 ml.). The first four extracts were combined and washed with water (3x100 rnl.), the washes being back-extracted with the fifth extract. Removal of the solvent in vacuo gave a pale foam.
- This material was placed on a column of alumina (grade H) (300 g.) in benzene and eluted successively with benzene (1.5 1.), 5% ethyl acetate-benzene (1 l.) ethyl acetate-benzene (2 1.), 20% ethyl acetate-benzene (6 1.), 30% ethyl acetate-benzene (1 l.) and 40% ethyl acetate-benzene (l 1.).
- the last three eluants gave rise to a total of 3.0 :g. of the desired thioketal, which paper chromatography showed to be substantially homogeneous.
- This material was absorbed on a column of alumina (100 -g.: grade H) in benzene (and eluted successively with 10% ethyl acetate-benzene (300 mL), 25% ethyl acetate-benzene (400 ml.), 50% ethyl acetate-benzene (300 ml.), and ethyl acetate (1.4 1.).
- the last eluant gave rise to the desired thioketal (1.8 g.) which paper chromatography showed to be almost pure.
- EXAMPLE 3 (j: )N- (3-Hydr0xybmyl) Emetine
- EXAMPLE 5 (i) Em eline To a solution of potassium (0.52 g.; 6 molar equivalents) in dry t-butanol (20 ml.) under nitrogen was added dry benzophenone (4.1 -g.; 10 molar equivalents) and a solution of (i) N-(3-hydroxybutyl) emetine (1.23 g.; 1 molar equivalent) in dry benzene (50 ml.). The solution was stirred at reflux under nitrogen for 24 hours, cooled, and acidified with ethanolic hydrogen chloride. After removal of the solvents by evaporation in vacuo, the residue was taken up in water (20 ml.) and extracted with benzene (3x25 ml.).
- the benzene extracts were washed with water (2X20 ml.) and the organic layer was discarded.
- the total combined aqueous layers were basified with 2 N-sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with benzene (3X30 ml.).
- the combined 'organic layers were washed with water (2x50 ml), dried (MgSO and evaporated in vacuo to yield i) emetine as a white foam (0.955 g).
- the R value and LR. spectrum of this material resembled those of the natural alkaloid.
- hydrobromide separated from methanol as a bulky amorphous solid ('M.P. 2268 C., resinous melt, finally decomposing at ca. 245 C.) having at least half the activity of (i) emetine hydrochloride against entarnocba histolytica in rats.
- alkali metal alkoxide is an alkali metal tertiary butoxide.
- alkali metal alkoxide is potassium tertiary butoxide.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,102,118 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING EMETINE AND ANALOGUES THEREOF Dennis Edward Clark, Chalfont St. Peter, and Alexander Crawford Ritchie, Harrow, England, and Thomas Walker, Worli, Bombay, India, assignors to Glaxo Group Limited, Greenford, Middlesex, England, a British company No Drawing. FiledMar. 16, 1962, Ser. No. 180,346 Claims priority, application Great Britain Mar. 17, 1961 8 Claims. (Cl. 260-488) This invention relates to the production of emetine and its analogues.
Our copending application No. 113,639, filed May 31, 1961, describes conversion of compounds having the skeletal structure (where R and R are hydrocarbon groups, for example alkyl groups such as methyl groups) into compounds having the skeletal structure the conversion of compounds of structure II into emetine or related compounds.
Compounds of Formula I exist in two steroisomeric forms which we have denoted IA and 1B. These differ in the configuration at the 1-position of the tetrahydroisoquinoline ring and may be represented structurally by the formulae \/N l t L) o o R NCH2CH2.COR
. benzophenone.
and
We have found that appropriately substituted compounds of structure 113 may be converted to emetine While similarly substituted compounds of structure IA are converted by the same series of reactions into iso-emetine. For convenience we have termed intermediates derived without inversion from compounds of-structure IA compounds of the A-series while intermediates derived without inversion from compounds of structure LB may be termed compounds of the B-series.
We have found that the -N -hydroxy-a1kyl group of compounds of skeletal stnucture II, may be removed by oxidation with an alkali metal alkoxide and a ketone stable in the presence of alkali, preferably with an alkali metal tertiary alkoxide, for example sodium or, preferably, potassium t-butoxide and a diaromatic ketone such as The oxidation conditions thus elfect not only oxidation but removal of the N-hydroxyalkyl side chain.
According to the present invention, therefore, we provide a process for the preparation of compounds of the skeletal formula where R is a hydrocarbon group, in which a compound of the skeletal formula v where R and R are hydrocarbon groups, is subjected to oxidation with an alkali metal alkoxide and a ketone stable in the presence of alkali.
The alkali metal butoxide is preferably an alkali metal tertiary alkoxide, such as sodium or, preferably potassium, t.butoxide. The 'ketone is preferably a di-aromatic ketone e.g. benzophenone.
In order to prepare the compounds of Formula II used as starting material, it is necessary to reduce the double bond and both carbonyl groups of the compound of skeletal Formula I. We have found that the reduction of the double bond may be effected with a metal/ ammonia or metal/amine reducing system and results in simultaneous reduction to a hydroxyl group of the saturated keto-group of the N-keto-alkyl side chain. The ketogroup of azp-unsaturated system is not reduced under these conditions and the product is a compound of the skeletal structure in which R and R have the above meanings, often in admixture with the isomeric compound of skeletal formula The reducing system is conveniently an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal/ ammonia system and while for example sodium, potassium or calcium are suitable, lithium is the preferred metal for this purpose. The metal may for example be added to the ammonia and the compound of Formula I added in solution in an inert solvent, e.g. an ether, such as diethyl ether or tetrahydro furan or a hydrocarbon solvent such as, benzene or toluene etc.
It is then necessary to reduce the 3 acyl groulp present in the compounds of structure IV and V. The 3-ethy1 group in l-emetine is equatorial as in compounds of structure V and it is necessary, therefore, that compounds of structure IV should be converted into compounds of structure V before reduction of the said keto group. Such con version may be effected under strong errolising conditions for example in the presence of concentrated aqueous acid for example aqueous mineral acid such as hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid e.g. 5 N sulphuric acid or alkali e.g. an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or strong organic base, e.g. triethylamine. This conversion may take place spontaneously in a subsequent reduction step if the reduction conditions are sufiiciently basic or acidic.
The reduction of the keto group in compounds of gen eral structure V may be achieved by a number of methods,
0 such as are present in emetine may be hydrolysed.
4 for example by reaction with hydrazine and alkali (Wolff- Kishner reduction).
The preferred method, however is to convert the keto group into a thioketal 'group, e.g. by reaction with ethanedithiol under acid conditions, for example in the presence of a mineral acid such as hydrochloric, sulphuric acid etc., and to treat the resulting thioketal with a Raney metal, such as Raney iron or cobalt or preferably, Raney nickel, advantageously in the presence of hydrogen or with hydrazine and alkali under Wolff-Kishner conditions.
Although in the above description of the novel process according to the invention, no distinction has been drawn between compounds of the A and of the B series, it will be understood that the reactions described apply to compounds of either series.
The compounds having the skeletal Formulae I to V which are concerned in the processes described above may be variously substituted, according to the substitution in the desired product. Thus, for example, substituents which may be present include alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkoxy, analk oxy, aryloxy, alkyl, aralkyl-, or aryl-thio groups. Swbstituents may also occupy more than one position as in methylene dioxy groups. Preferred groups in the aromatic rings are alkoxy and methylene dioxy groups; especially preferred are methoxy groups in the 9, 1'0, '6 and 7' positions the remaining positions being unsubstituted. Some of the groups referred to above may not withstand the conditions employed in the processes described above and, for example, methoxy groups in the aromatic rings It will be appreciated, therefore, that subsequent reaction steps may be required to reform substituents which have been converted. Thus, for example, where a methoxy group which has been hydrolysed is, in fact, required in the final product, re-methylation will be required, e.g. by reaction with diazomethane in the presence of methanol or, preferably, phenylthiomethylammonium chloride in a solvent such as xylene.
In order that the invention may be well understood we give the following examples by way of illustration only:
EXAMPLE 1 3 Acetyl-J,2,3,4,6,7-Hexahydr0-9,10-Dimeth0xy-2(1,2,3,
4 T etrahydro 2 (3'Hydr0xybutyl)6,7-Dimeth0xy-Is0- quin0l-1-Yl)Methyl -11b [H] -Benz0 [a] Quinolizine B SERIES (a) 3 acetyl-l,4,6,7-tetrahydro-9,10-dimethoxy-2(1,2, 3,4 tetrahydro-2 (3'-oxobutyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinol-lyl)methyl -llb[H]-benzo [a]quin0lizine (B series) (10 g.) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (150 ml.) was added to a solution of lithium (1.2 g.) in liquid ammonia (500 ml.) and the mixture stirred [for 30 minutes at reflux temperature. The blue colour was discharged by the addition of acetone '(ca. 11 ml.) followed by amrnbnium chloride (10 g.). Evaporation, at first at atmospheric pressure to remove the ammonia, and then in vacuo to eliminate organic solvent, gave a pale foam. Water ml.) and chloroform (40 ml.) were added. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase extracted with chloroform (4X40 ml.). The first four extracts were combined and washed with water (3x100 rnl.), the washes being back-extracted with the fifth extract. Removal of the solvent in vacuo gave a pale foam.
The latter was heated at 100 C. with 5 Nasulphuric acid for 30 minutes to eifect equilibration. The solution was cooled, diluted with water containing crushed ice, benzene (100 ml.) added, and the mixture basified by the addition of potassium carbonate. Isolation of the reaction product in benzene solution (ca. 200 ml.) was accomplished by an extraction and Washing technique similar to that described in the preceding paragraph. Removal of the solvent gave a pale froth (9.56 g.) containing the desired product.
(b) Purification via the ethylene thioketal.The total crude product formed in (a) above was taken up in an anhydrous methanol 200 ml.) and the solution saturated at C. with anhydrous hydrogen chloride. Ethane dithiol (3 ml.) was added and the mixture allowed to stand for 2 hours. Removal Of the solvent by evaporation in vacuo gave a pale gum, which was taken up in water and basified With 2 N-sodium hydroxide. Extraction with benzene (4X50 ml.) and washing with 2 N-sodium hydroxide (2X50 ml.) and water (X50 ml.) was carried out as above. The crude ethylene thicket-a1 was obtained as a pink froth (8.6 g.) by evaporation or the solvent.
This material was placed on a column of alumina (grade H) (300 g.) in benzene and eluted successively with benzene (1.5 1.), 5% ethyl acetate-benzene (1 l.) ethyl acetate-benzene (2 1.), 20% ethyl acetate-benzene (6 1.), 30% ethyl acetate-benzene (1 l.) and 40% ethyl acetate-benzene (l 1.). The last three eluants gave rise to a total of 3.0 :g. of the desired thioketal, which paper chromatography showed to be substantially homogeneous.
The hydriodide of this material crystallised from etherethanol, M.-P. 207209 C. (d.). (Found: C, 44.13; H, N, S, I, C35H5005N2S2.2HI;3H20 requires C, 44.12; H, 6.14; N, 2.94; S, 6.73; I, 26.64%.)
T etra!zydr0-2-(3'-H ydroxybutyl 6,7-Dimeth0xy Isoquinol-1-Yl Methyl) -11 b [H] Benzo [a] Quinolizine A SERIES The reduction of the A isomer of 3-acetyl-1,4,6,7- tetrahydro-9,10-dimethoxy-2-(1,2,3,4 tetrahydro 2(3'- oxobutyl -6,7-dimethoxy-isoquinol- 1 -yl methyl) 1 1b[H] benzo [a]quinolizine (5 g.) in tetrahydro furan solution (150 ml.) was carried out with lithium (0.6 g.) in ammonia (300 ml.) exactly as described in the preceding example. The total crude froth (5.34 g.) was equilibrated with 5 N-sulphuricacid (50 ml.) and the crude ketone (4.38 g.) isolated as before.
Reaction with ethane-dithiol (4.3 ml.) in dry saturated methanolic hydrogen chloride (80 ml.) gave the ethylene thioketal (3.86 g.) as a red team by the previously described procedure.
This material was absorbed on a column of alumina (100 -g.: grade H) in benzene (and eluted successively with 10% ethyl acetate-benzene (300 mL), 25% ethyl acetate-benzene (400 ml.), 50% ethyl acetate-benzene (300 ml.), and ethyl acetate (1.4 1.). The last eluant gave rise to the desired thioketal (1.8 g.) which paper chromatography showed to be almost pure.
The hydrochloride separated from methanol as a white crystalline solid and was recrystallised from methanolet-her, M.P. 2l5-220 C. (d.). (Found: C, 53.42; H, 7.39; N, 3.52; S, 8.80; Cl, 9.33. C H O N S 2HCL4H O requires C, 53.34; H, 7.68; N, 3.56; S, 8.14; Cl, 900%.)
EXAMPLE 3 (j: )N- (3-Hydr0xybmyl) Emetine The ethylene thioketal vformed in (i) (b) (0.873 g.) in dry I.M. S. (50 ml.) was shaken under hydrogen (50 atmospheres pressure) with Raney nickel catalyst (W4: 7 ml. slurry) for 3 hours at 75-80 C. and then for a further 7 hours while the autoclave cooled to room temperature.
The catalyst was filtered off, washed with ethanol and the combined filtrate and washings evaporated in vacuo to a pale gum. Addition of ether and reevaporation yielded a white iroth (351 mg.) whose R value and IR. spectrum were similar to those of N-(3-hydroxybutyl) emetine made from the natural alkaloid.
The hydrochloride separated from ethanol on the addition of ether as a white amorphous solid MJP. ca. 212 C. (d.) with previous sintering. (Found C, 58.52; H, 8.24; N, 3.87; Cl, 10.04. C H O N 2HCL3H O requires C, 58.31; H, 8.31; N, 4.12; Cl, 10.43%.)
6 EXAMPLE 4 5 in dry I.M.S. (30 ml.) was shaken under hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and 50 C. with Raney nickel catalyst (W4; 5 ml. slurry) for 24 hours. The working-up procedure described in the preceding example gave rise to (i) N-(3-hydroxybutyl)isoemetine as a white loam (0.46 g).
The amorphous perchlorate separated from aqueous acidic solution, MJP. 165175 C. (resinous melt). (Found: C, 51.63; H, 6.79; N, 3.25; Cl, 9.01.
c ngom znclo n o requires C, 51.36; H, 6.79; N, 3.63; Cl, 9.19%.)
EXAMPLE 5 (i) Em eline To a solution of potassium (0.52 g.; 6 molar equivalents) in dry t-butanol (20 ml.) under nitrogen was added dry benzophenone (4.1 -g.; 10 molar equivalents) and a solution of (i) N-(3-hydroxybutyl) emetine (1.23 g.; 1 molar equivalent) in dry benzene (50 ml.). The solution was stirred at reflux under nitrogen for 24 hours, cooled, and acidified with ethanolic hydrogen chloride. After removal of the solvents by evaporation in vacuo, the residue was taken up in water (20 ml.) and extracted with benzene (3x25 ml.). The benzene extracts were washed with water (2X20 ml.) and the organic layer was discarded. The total combined aqueous layers were basified with 2 N-sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with benzene (3X30 ml.). The combined 'organic layers were washed with water (2x50 ml), dried (MgSO and evaporated in vacuo to yield i) emetine as a white foam (0.955 g). The R value and LR. spectrum of this material resembled those of the natural alkaloid.
The hydrobromide separated from methanol as a bulky amorphous solid ('M.P. 2268 C., resinous melt, finally decomposing at ca. 245 C.) having at least half the activity of (i) emetine hydrochloride against entarnocba histolytica in rats.
EXAMPLE 6 (i) Isoemetine By procedure similar to that described in the preceding example (:)N-3 (hydroxybutylfisoemetine (0.149 g.) was converted into (:L)isoemet-ine (0.108 :g.) identified by its R value.
This material gave a hydrochloride, M.P. 2579 C. (d.), after crystallisation from methanol-ether, identical in all respects with the (i) isoemetine hydrochloride obtained by hydrogenation of (i) O-methyl psychotrine hydrogen oxalate.
EXAMPLE 7 3-acetyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-9,lO-dimethoxy-Z (1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-2(3'-oxobu=ty1)-6,7dimethoxy-isoquinol-l yl methyl)-11b[H]-benzo[a]quinolizine (B series) (5 'g.) was reduced as above with lithium in liquid ammonia. The crude product, isolated as before, was taken up in anhydrous methanol (50 m1.) and saturated with anhydrous hydrogen chloride without cooling. The heat of solution caused the mixture to boil. The solution was cooled to 0, ethane dithiol (3 ml.) added, and the crude ethylene thioketal obtained as before.
The crude foam (5.42 g.) in benzene was absorbed on a column of silica gel g.) and eluted successively With dry benzene (500 ml.), 50% ethyl acetate-benzene (850 ml), and ethyl acetate (1.5 1.).
The ethyl acetate traction gave the desired ethylene thioketal (2.83 g.), homogeneous on a paper chromatogram or silica chromatostrip.
We claim:
1. A process for the preparation of a compound of the formula in which a compound of the formula where R is alkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms, is subjected to oxidation with an alkali metal alkoxide in the presence of a ketone stable in the presence of alkali.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said ketone is a diaromatic ketone.
3. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein said diatomatic ketone is benzophenone.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said alkali metal alkoxide is an alkali metal tertiary butoxide.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said alkali metal alkoxide is potassium tertiary butoxide.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said alkali metal alkoxide is potassium tertiary butoxide and said ketone is benzophenone,
7. A process as claimed in claim 6 wherein the reaction is effected at the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture.
8. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the final product is reacted with a methylating agent to remethylate such hydroxyl groups as have been formed during the process by hydrolysis of the methoxy groups of the starting compound.
No references cited.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
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