US3100445A - Shaped charge and method of firing the same - Google Patents

Shaped charge and method of firing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3100445A
US3100445A US786888A US78688859A US3100445A US 3100445 A US3100445 A US 3100445A US 786888 A US786888 A US 786888A US 78688859 A US78688859 A US 78688859A US 3100445 A US3100445 A US 3100445A
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United States
Prior art keywords
detonation
charge
barrier
liner
order
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US786888A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas C Poulter
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Borg Warner Corp
Halliburton Co
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Borg Warner Corp
Halliburton Co
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Priority to GB31756/55A priority Critical patent/GB785155A/en
Priority to DEB38014A priority patent/DE1019948B/de
Priority to FR1145210D priority patent/FR1145210A/fr
Application filed by Borg Warner Corp, Halliburton Co filed Critical Borg Warner Corp
Priority to US786888A priority patent/US3100445A/en
Priority to GB1369/60A priority patent/GB864238A/en
Priority to DEB56238A priority patent/DE1148926B/de
Priority to FR815669A priority patent/FR76926E/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3100445A publication Critical patent/US3100445A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/024—Shaped or hollow charges provided with embedded bodies of inert material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
    • Y10S102/701—Charge wave forming

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to explosive devices and is directed particularly to improvements in shaped charges.
  • shaped charge designates a charge of high explosive having a cavity in its forward end which is lined with a layer of inert material.
  • the liner may be metallic, such as copper, steel, cast iron, aluminum or lead, or may be of glass or other non-metallic material.
  • the cavity and liner are usually conical, hemispherical, or conforming to other surfaces of revolution about the longitudinal axis of the charge. Provision is made for initiating detonation of the charge on its axis at its rearward end.
  • a detonation front advances through the charge in the direction of its major axis and impinges on the liner.
  • the major portion of the liner is dynamically extruded in a pencillike jet along the charge axis at extremely high velocity.
  • the material in the jet should be concentrated in to a compact, straight line of high velocity, high density material. There should be a maximum range in material velocity in the jet consistent with its having the highest attainable material velocity at the forward end of the jet, and decreasing at a reasonably uniform rate over the length of the jet to the minimum velocity that will produce effective penetration.
  • an increase in the average velocity of the material in the jet may reduce the penetration if that increase in velocity occurs primarily at the after-portion of the jet.
  • each element of the jet would be striking the target before the preceding element had completed its penetration, and the piling-up effect may cause a large decrease in depth of penetration of as much as 75 percent, with only a minor increase in hole diameter.
  • the extent to which the after-end of the jet can have its velocity increased is determined by the ability of each preceding element to complete its penetration. In order to obtain maximum penetration, the forward end of the jet should have the maximum obtainable velocity and each successive element should have the maximum velocity consistent with permitting the preceding element to complete its maximum penetration of the target before the succeeding element strikes.
  • the forward end of the jet acquires a velocity far in excess of that produced by the conventional expanding spherical detonation front produced by single-point initiation.
  • my invention provides another very important advantage in that merely by a small shift in position of the apex of the liner closer to or farther away from the inert barrier, the diameter of the hole produced by the jet from this charge can be varied over a several-fold range, the maximum size hole being produced with the liner at the proper distance to cause the detonation front to conform in curvature to that of the liner apex.
  • a general object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved shaped charge the performance of which is characterized by more effective utilization of the energy available in the explosive than has heretofore been possible.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved shaped charge which, upon detonation, produces a jet of higher overall velocity than has heretofore been attained.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved shaped charge which not only produces a higher velocity jet than heretofore, but which is so designed that the velocity of successive elements of the jet is distributed over a range of velocities sufiiciently wide to perrnit each element of the jet to most effectively expend its energy in effecting penetration of the target before the next succeeding element strikes the target.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a shaped charge wherein the shape of the detonation front is altered in a predetermined manner by a body of inert material embedded in the explosive charge.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a shaped charge wherein the size and shape of the hole produced in a target may be predetermined solely by the relative positions of certain of the charge components.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a shaped charge incorporating a body of inert material embedded in the explosive charge,and wherein the size and shape of the hole produced in a target may be varied in predetermined manner by varying the distance between the inert body and the liner.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a shaped charge wherein, upon detonation, a detonation front is developed in the explosive which is characterizedv by a central concave front and a peripheral or annular convex front.
  • Still another object ofthe invention is' to provide a shaped charge incorporating means for developing, upon detonation, a central detonation front and an initially separate and distinct peripheral detonation front, the
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a shaped charge wherein the optimum stand-off distance from the base of the liner to the target is substantially less than with charges heretofore developed. 7
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a shaped charge wherein the mechanism of jet formation is such that the degree of interdependence of the various parameters of the charge is substantially less than in charges heretofore developed.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a shaped charge wherein the usual slug or carrot may, if desired, be substantially eliminated.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a shaped charge incorporating a body of explosively active substance embedded in the explosive charge as a means for providing a peripheral high-order detonation and a central low-order detonation.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method of firing an explosive charge, particularly a shaped charge.
  • the invention includes a method of firing a detonating explosive charge having in a face thereof an outwardly opening cavity the walls of which are defined by a surface of revolution about an axis, the cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear, the charge being capable of sustaining low-order detonation and high-order detonation therein, and the cavity being lined with a liner, which method includes the following steps: initiating a low-order detonation in said charge in a zone coaxial with the axis and spaced inwardly from the inner end of the cavity; and initiating a high-order detonation in and throughout an annular zone in the charge, which zone is located in a plane normal to the axis, is spaced inwardly from the inner end of the cavity, is positioned symmetrically about the axis, and is disposed around the zone of initiation of low-o-rder detonation, the initiation of the high-order detonation being performed in predetermined time relation to the initiation of the
  • FIGURE 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a shaped charge embodying the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view similar to FIGURE 1, illustrating successive stages of propagation of the individual detonation fronts, their merger into a single composite front, the progressive change in shape of the composite front and its impingement on the apex portion of the liner;
  • FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal axial sectional view of another embodiment of a shaped charge in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a longitudinal axial sectional View of a third form of shaped charge embodying the invention.
  • a charge case l is herein shown as cylindrical but may be of any other desired shape symmetrical with respect to the charge axis, and is preferably of metal such as steel, cast iron or aluminum but may if desired be of n-ommetallic material such as plastic.
  • a liner 2 of copper or other suitable material is mounted in the case in a conventional manner. As shown, the apex portion 3 of the liner is rounded and the side portions of the liner are of gradually decreasing curvature. It will be understood, however, that the specific shape of the liner does not constitute a significant aspect of the instant invention and various other shapes may be employed if desired.
  • an explosive 4 having a high detonation rate such as TNT
  • a barrier 5 of inert material such as steel or other metals or non-metals.
  • the barrier 5 is disposed transversely of the charge and i symmetrical and coaxial with the case and liner.
  • the barrier 5 is of uniform thickness and is preferably in the form of a segment of a sphere, although other shapes which are symmetrical with the axis of the charge may be employed, such as conical, paraboloidal, ellipsoidal, or a flat disc.
  • the diameter or transverse dimension of the barrier is less than the internal diameter of the case 1 thereby providing an annulus 6 of explosive surrounding the periphery of the barrier and joining the bodies of explosive at the forward and rearward sides of the barrier.
  • the latter is preferably also in the form of a segment of a sphere or of other shape conforming to that of the barrier.
  • a tubular socket 9 projects from the rear wall of the case 1 in coaxial relation thereto, and is perforated transversely at it? to receive a length of Primacord 11 or other detonating fuse.
  • a booster pellet 112 is seated in the socket between the Primacord 11 and the rear wall of the case, and is in direct contact with the explosive 7 through an opening 13 in the rear wall 8, it being understood that the explosive also fills the opening 13.
  • the opening 13 should be small enough to assure concentricity of the detonation front.
  • the detonation front Upon reaching the periphery of the barrier, the detonation front progresses therearound, and forwardly through the annulus t5 of explosive. As it passes the forward peripheral edge of the barrier and enters the main body of explosive 4 it is free to expand both forwardly and radially inwardly toward the axis of the charge. Hence, the forward and inward portion of the front assumes the form of a portion of the surface of a torus, as indicated by the corresponding pairs of arcuate dotted lines 1-6, 16a and 16b.
  • the detonation depends, generally speaking, on the intensity of the shock pulse as it reaches the forward surface of the barrier and on the sensitivity of the explosive in contact therewith.
  • the intensity of the shock pulse after it passes through the brarier depends on the material of the barrier, the thickness of the central portion thereof, and the thickness of the central portion of the layer 7 of explosive which generates the shock pulse.
  • the booster pellet 7 was omitted and detonation was initiated directly by Primacord, it was found that the optimum barrier thickness from the standpoint of depth of penetration was 0.059 inch, as compared to 0.10 to 0.125 in the previously mentioned test results. This may be explained by the fact that the booster pellet 12 constitutes in effect an additional thickness of explosive behind the central portion of the barrier. This points up the important influence which the thickness of the explosive exerts on the initial velocity of the shock pulse developed in the barrier.
  • any one of three distinctly different detonation front conditions may be produced in the explosive forwardly of the barrier (a) a converging, high-order peripheral detonation front only; or (b) a converging, high-order peripheral detonation front and a delayed, expending, low-order central detonation front; or (c) a converging, high-order peripheral detonation front and a delayed, expanding, highorder central detonation front.
  • the detonation f-ront first contacts a ring of material farther down on the liner. Since this first contact is normal to the surface, that portion of the liner will be given a high velocity. As the detonation front rolls along the surface of the liner in the direction of the apex, the angle of approadh becomes less than 90 and the material is given a lower velocity than the portion of the liner first contacted. This lower-velocity material is projected into the region where the jet is being formed and disturbs the jet formation. However, as the detonation front reaches the apex, it converges and meets at a point. Such a meeting of detonation fronts produces, at that point, a pressure estimated to be in excess of fifty million p.s.i.
  • shock pulse 17 in comparison with that of the high-order detonation pulse traveling through the explosive around the barrier.
  • the shock pulse velocity in a steel barrier is only about one-fourth that of the detonation pulse. Consequently the successive positions of the shock pulse front indicated at 17, 17a, 17b and We approximately correspond respectively to the positions 15, a, 15b and 16 of the detonation front.
  • timedelays are of infinitesimal order, but nevertheless sufficient to cause the formation of a composite front such as 16b, 18b having a peripheral portion 16b in advance of its central portion 13b.
  • An important and advantageous characteristic of the meeting of a low-order central detonation front and a high-order peripheral detonation front is that it does not produce a sharply defined, extremely high pressure zone as in the case of the collision of two high-order detonation fronts.
  • a sharply defined annular zone of extremely high pressure resulting from the collision of a high-order, expanding central detonation front and a highorder, converging peripheral detonation front which, as stated previously, produces a sharp boundary-cutting effect
  • the meeting and merging of a low-order central detonation front with a high-order peripheral detonation front produces a zone of considerably lower pressure, distributed over the entire central area of the resulting composite front. This distribution is the result of a merging, as distinguished from a collision, of the two fronts.
  • the concave annular region 19 which joins the central portion with the peripheral portion gradually flattens out and eventually merges with the central and peripheral portions to produce a concave-convex front, as indicated successively at 20' and 21.
  • this front has a central concave portion substantially conforming to the curvature of the spherical apex portion of the liner 2, as indicated at 22.
  • the liner is positioned with its apex at the proper distance from the barrier 5 to achieve this conformity.
  • the entire spherical apex portion of the liner is subjected simultaneously to the extreme-1y high pressure and velocity of the concave central portion of the detonation front.
  • a relatively large portion of the liner is therefore concentrated in the forward, maximum velocity portion of the jet.
  • This is in striking contrast to the jet formed by a charge in which detonation is initiated at a single point and the convex detonation front travels along the axis and strikes the apex of the liner. In the latter case only a relatively small amount of the material of the liner is concentrated in the forward, maximum velocity portion of the jet.
  • the maximum velocity at any point on the detonation front is a maximum in a direction normal to the front at that point, as indicated by the arrows 23, and inasmuch as in the arrangement shown in FIGURE 2 each point on the central concave spherical portion of the front impinges on the apex of the liner in such normal direction, the maximum velocity is substantially simultaneously imparted to the entire mass of that portion of 10 the liner.
  • the angle of approach of the front to the side portion of the liner progressively.
  • the thickness of the explosive measured normal to the surface of the liner, decreases forwardly and has a further reducing effect on the velocity imparted to successive portions of the liner.
  • the desired velocity gradient along the jet is thus attained, while still providing an average velocity considerably higher than that obtained previously, by virtue of the extremely high velocity of the forward portion of the jet.
  • the target hole size may be varied over a considerable range by the simple expedient of varying the axial distance between the liner and the barrier, and using identical change components except for a variation in the amount of explosive. This is an important and highly advantageous feature of the instant invention.
  • T able I Depth of Dia. of hole penetration Volume Weight of explosive (grams) in well easin formaof hole ing (inches) tion (on. in.)
  • the case 1 is of standard 1% inch I.D. steel tubing of inch wall thickness, the rear wall 8 being formed of 11 gage steel plate pressed with a 2% inch ball to a 1 /8 inch radius of curvature and welded to the end of the case.
  • the booster socket 9 is welded to the rear wall 8 and is of a suitable size and shape to accommodate the particular type of booster pellet 12 to be used.
  • the barrier is made from circular blanks of 11 gage steel, pressed with a 2 inch ball to a 1 inch radius of curvature.
  • the liner 2, of copper has a 50 included angle with an apex radius of curvature on the inside of /2 inch and a uniform wall thickness of 0.030 inch.
  • the CD. of the base of the liner is about 0.008 inch larger than the ID. of the case, thus providing an interference fit to hold the liner snugly in position when pressed into the case.
  • the explosive charge 4 and the layer of explosive 7 rearwardly of the barrier '5 are waxed, granular RDX pressed to 10,000 psi.
  • the loading operation is performed in two steps-first, 4 grams of explosive are pressed to form the layer 7, about A inch in thickness; the barrier is then inserted and the remainder of the charge is then loaded and pressed.
  • the liner 2 is then pressed into snug contact with the main charge.
  • the quantity of explosive in the main charge 4 will vary in accordance with the target hole size desired, as pointed out hereinabove. In the tests from which the results given in Table I above were obtained, the explosive weights of 15, 19, 23, 26 and 2.9 gran1s represent the total amount of explosive including the 4-gram layer 7.
  • the weight of explosive in a charge of a given design is proportional to the cube of the diameter of the liner; or
  • W wei-ght of explosive
  • C'- weight of explosive in a charge whose liner diameter is unity.
  • Equation 1 the values W and d of a given charge exemplary of a series of the same design, and the value of P obtained from test firings of such a charge, the values of the constants C and K for that design may be determined.
  • Equation 4 the values of C and K are substituted in Equation 4 above, one may determine either the penetration which may be expected from a charge of the same design having a weight of explosive W, or the weight [of explosive W required to produce a desired penetration.
  • the charge may be designed to provide a relatively large radius of curvature of the liner.
  • Application of the principles of this invention permits the concentration :of a large portion of the material of the liner apex in the forward, maximumvelocity portion of the jet.
  • the liner is disposed at the proper distance firom the barrier to cause the curvature of the central concave portion of the detonation front to substantially conform to the curvature of the liner apex at the instant of impact of the detonation front on the liner .ap'ex.
  • a shaped explosive charge in accordance with FIGURES 3 and 4 includes a mass of high explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein and having a cavity at its forward end.
  • the cavity is lined with a liner of inert material.
  • Means is provided for initiating in the mass of explosive material rearwardly of the liner a peripheral, high-order detonation.
  • Means is also provided for initiating in the mass of explosive material rearwardly of the liner a central, low-order detonation initially separate from and laterally surrounded by the high-order detonation, the low-order detonation initiating means including a body of explosively active substance having its for-ward face in contact with the mass of high-explosive material.
  • a body of explosively active substance having its for-ward face in contact with the mass of high-explosive material.
  • Such body may be formed from an intimate mixture of a finely divided high-explosive material and a finely divided inert diluent therefor.
  • the body is capable of sustaining therein a detonation of an order not greater than low-order.
  • Means is provided for detonating the body of explosively active substwce.
  • the loci of initiation of the high-order and low-order detonations in the mass of high-explosive material are positioned with respect to each other, and. the liner is shaped and positioned with respect to the loci of initiation, to permit the high-order and low-order detonations that propagate from the loci to merge in part in the mass of explosive material between the loci and the liner to form a composite detonation front that attacks the liner.
  • the body or barrier of explosively active substance preferably consists of finely divided RDX, Cyclonite, TNT, PETN, or the like to which is added a finely divided inert diluent such as plaster of Paris, salt, powdered glass and the like.
  • a finely divided inert diluent such as plaster of Paris, salt, powdered glass and the like.
  • the inert diluent material preferably is an inorganic non-explosive substance, finely divided non-explosive inert organic substances may also be used. Examples of such organic diluents are powdered synthetic resins.
  • the mixture of high-explosive and diluent may be compacted in a die to produce a self-supporting body of the desired shape that is inserted in the shaped charge during loading.
  • the barrier of explosively active substance is characterized by an ability to sustain therein a detonation of an order not exceeding low-order.
  • the proportions of highexplosive material and diluent required to produce a body of this nature will depend upon a number of factors such as the particular high-explosive material and the particular diluent employed. Particle size and degree of compaction of the body will also influence the order of the detonation that the body can sustain.
  • the shaped charge structures of FIG- URES 3 and 4 are similar to the shaped charge structure of FIGURES 1 and 2.
  • Each has a barrier of solid material embedded in the main charge of explosive between the booster and the cavity liner.
  • the explosively active barriers are relatively thicker in the axial direction than the inert steel barrier. It appears that the detonation front traveling forwardly through the explosively active barrier advances at a faster rate than the shock pulse in the inert steel barrier. Consequently, an explosively active barrier must be relatively thicker than a steel barrier to achieve a delay time that is comparable to the delay time effected by a steel barrier in the initiation of a central low-order detonation in the main explosive charge at the forward face of the barrier.
  • the explosively active barrier is initiated at the rear by the booster or that portion of the main explosive charge velop into a high-order detonation nor degenerate into a detonation that has insufiicient energy when it reaches the front face of the barrier to initiate a low-order detonation in the main charge of explosive at the forward side of the barrier.
  • the detonation should not die out in the barrier.
  • the detonation traveling forwardly through the explosively active barrier should reach the front face thereof with only sufiicient intensity to initiate a central low-order detonation in the main charge of explosive at the front of the barrier.
  • the explosively active barrier of the invention has a transverse configuration effective to cause the high-order detonation initiated in the main charge rearwardly of the barrier to travel outwardly through the main charge around the barrier and to appear at the front of the barrier as a peripheral high-order detonation that laterally surrounds the central low-order detonation.
  • Such peripheral high-order detonation converges radially inwardly to meet and merge with the central low-order detonation to provide a single composite detonation front that impinges upon the liner.
  • the central portion of the combined detonation front has an extremely high energy that is much greater than the energy of a conventional high order detonation front.
  • the shaped explosive charge perforating unit shown in axial sectional view in FIGURE 3 is in the form of a body of revolution about the horizontal axis. It has a case 30 that is cup-shaped and has an open front end 31.
  • an integral boss 32 Projecting axially rearwardly of the case is an integral boss 32 providing at the rear thereof a transverse fuse slot 33 through which is passed a conventional detonating fuse 34, such as a Primacord fuse.
  • the interior of the boss has a forwardly opening cylindrical booster recess 35 separated from the fuse groove 33 by a thin wall 36.
  • the case may be die cast from zinc-base or aluminum-base alloy, or it may be formed of other suitable material such as cast iron or synthetic resin.
  • booster charge 38 Seated within the recess 35 is a cylindrical booster cup 37 containing a booster charge 38.
  • the booster charge may be composed of compressed powdered Cyclonite or other appropriate booster explosive.
  • the rear of the booster is in contact with the thin wall 36 through which it is initiated centrally when the fuse 34 is detonated.
  • the booster charge is in detonating relation to the forwardly positioned explosive components of the charge unit.
  • an enlarged recess having a forwardly flaring, conical wall section 39 and a cylindrical wall section 40.
  • a cup-shaped forwardly flaring curved wall 41 adjoins the cylindrical wall section 40 and terminates adjacent the open front end 31 of the charge case.
  • the main explosive charge consists of three increments.
  • One of these, the base increment 42 is in the form of a disc seated against the front of the booster.
  • Thesecond, an annular increment 43 has an axial cylindrical hole 44 therein, in the rear of which the front portion of the base increment is received.
  • the third, or forward central main charge increment 45 is in the form of a spherical section that is received in the forward end of the cylindrical hole 44.
  • the sides of the annular increment 43 conform to the inner walls of the case as shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the forward faces of the annular increment 43 and the central increment 45 define the shaped charge cavity into which is fitted a liner 46, preferably formed of copper or other conventional liner material.
  • the apex portion of the liner is generally spherical and symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the charge, and the side walls of the liner have a lesser curvature than the apex portion.
  • the basal rim of the liner engages the interior of the case 30 with an interference fit.
  • The'explosive material forming the three increments 42, 43 and 45 is waxed RDX containing 91% RDX and 9% wax.
  • a cylindrical barrier 47 Fitted in the cylindrical hole 44 of the annular main charge increment 43 is a cylindrical barrier 47.
  • the front face of the barrier conforms to and is in contact with the rear face of the central increment 45 of the main charge, while the rear face of the barrier conforms to and is in contact with the front face of the base increment 42.
  • the sides of the barrier are in contact with the side walls of the hole 44.
  • the barrier 47 is formed from a pressed mixture of 10% finely divided RDX and finely divided plaster of Paris.
  • Loading of the shaped explosive charge unit of FIG- URE 3 may be accomplished as follows. Initially, a charge of Waxed RDX is pressed into the case 30 using a punch having a face of the size and configuration of the rear surface of the liner 46, such charge completely filling the booster recess 35 as Well as the enlarged cavity 39, 4t) and the interior of the case between the wall 41 and the end of the punch. Such initial pressing is done with a force less than that to be applied in a later stage when the liner is pressed into the case. The punch is withdrawn and the initially pressed charge is drilled to provide the cylindrical hole 44, and to remove explosive from the booster recess 35.
  • a booster cartridge is then inserted into the recess 35.
  • a sandwich element including the base increment '42, the barrier 47 and the central increment 45.
  • the pressure used is approximately equal to the pressure used in forming the initial charge in the case 30.
  • the separately pressed sandwich element provides a preform which is inserted in the hole 44 of the annular increment 43.
  • the loading procedure is completed by pressing the liner 46 into the assembly to consolidate the explosive components to final form.
  • the fuse 34 is detonated by a conventional blasting cap (not shown). Detonation of the fuse effects high-order detonation of the booster charge 38 through the thin wall '36.
  • a high-order detonation front travels symmetrically forwardly through the booster charge 38 and initiates a high-order detonation in the base increment 42 of the main charge.
  • the high-order detonation front travels to the outer periphery of the increment 42 to initiate high-order detonation at the rear of the annu-lar increment 43 of the main charge.
  • the annular high-order detonation front travels forwardly through the increment 43' outside of the barrier 47 and, when it reaches the forward edge of the barrier, turns inwardly around the forward edge to converge in the central increment 45 toward the axis.
  • the annular high-order detonation front also advances through the annular increment 43 toward the side wall of the liner 46.
  • the high-order detonation reaches the increment 45 before the central low-order detonation front initiated therein has had time to expand outside of the increment.
  • the fact that the velocity of the high-order detonation is greater than the velocity of the low-order detonation accounts for this.
  • the converging high-order detonation and the diverging central low-order detonation merge in the increment 45.
  • the jet formed upon detonation of the unit of FIGURE 3 has :a leading element containing a concentrated portion of the liner. material moving a high velocity and a slower moving trailing portion containing material from the sides of the liner. The velocities of the elements of the trailing portion of the jet decrease from front to rear.
  • the shaped explosive charge perforating unit show-n therein is similar to the unit shown in FIGURE 3, but differs from that of FIGURE 3 primarily in the shape of the barrier.
  • the barrier of the unit of FIGURE 4 takes the form of a truncated conical body with the larger base facing forwardly and being concave, whereas the barrier of the unit of FIG- URE 3 is a cylinder having a concave front face.
  • the perforating unit has a case 30" that is outwardly the same as the case 30. It has an axial boss 32 providing a fuse slot 33 at the rear. A detonating fuse 34' is seated in the slot.
  • a booster cartridge consisting of a cup 37 containing a booster charge 38' is fitted in a booster recess 35.
  • the inner wall 48 which has a conical surface, flares forwardly and merges with the curved wall 41, the latter being similar to [the curved wall 41,.of the unit of FIGURE 3.
  • the main charge provides a truncated conical cavity 44' that flares forwardly to meet the liner along a circular line of intersection 50.
  • the main charge also includes a spherically shaped for- Ward central main charge increment 45 in contact with that portion of the liner encompassed by the circular line of intersection 50.
  • the sides of the increment 45' arein contact with the annular portion 43 of the main charge.
  • barrier 47' Filling the space between the generally spherical rear surface of the main charge increment 45. and the walls of the conical cavity 44 is a barrier 47'.
  • This barrier is formed from an explosively active composition like that I from which the barrier 47 is made.
  • I he perforating unit of FIGURE 4 may be loaded in a manner analogous to that described hereinbefore with reference to FIGURE 3.
  • the booster charge may be pure RDX
  • the annular 1 portion 43 and the central increment 45' of the main charge may be waxed RDX
  • the barrier may be a consolidated mixture of finely divided RDX and plaster of Paris.
  • One particular perforating unit as shown in FIGURE 4 has an over-all length of 2.187" as measured from'the rear face of the boss 32 to the open front end ofthe case, and an inside diameter of 1.698 at the base of the liner 46.
  • the base section 42' and the annular portion 43' are formed from 17.5 grams of an explosive composition consisting of 91% RDX and 9% wax.
  • the central increment 45 is for-med from 1.5 grams of explosive composition consisting of 91% RDX and 9% Wax.
  • Thebarrier 47 is formed from 4.1 grams of a mixture consisting of 20% RDX and 80% plaster of Paris.
  • This perforating unit when fired against a standard steel-faced, cement filledtarget with the open front end of the perforating unit placed against the steel face of the target, made an entrance hole of diameter in the steel face of the target and penetrated through the steel and into the cement a total distance of 9%".
  • the composition of the barrier may be varied between 10% RDX with 90% plastenof Paris and 50% RDX with 50% plaster of Paris to produce perforations having approximately the dimensions set forth in the foregoing description of the tests.
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a chargeof detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being symmetrical about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear; a liner of inert material lining said cavity; means for initiating high-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically [of said axis; and a barrier symmetrical about said axis embedded in said charge, all portions of'said barrier being positioned rearwardly of said cavity and spaced forwardly from said initiating means and inwardly from the outer surface of said charge, said barrier having a substantially greater width than its axial thickness and having the characteristics throughout at least an axially symmetrical central portion of substantial lateral extent of blocking transmission of high-
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a charge of detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein, saidcharge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being symmetrical about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear;
  • said barrier having a substantially greater, width than its axial thickness and having the characteristics throughout at least substantially its entire width of blocking transmission of high-order detonation-initiating energy forwardly ;therethrough and transmitting low-order detonation-initiatingenergy. forwardly therethrough to initiate a low-order 1 detonation in the explosive material on the-forward side offsaid barrier in response tohigh orderdetonation of the explosive material :at'the rear of said barrier, said loworder detonation and the high-order detonation that travels forwardly around the periphery of said barrier merging in the explosive material between said barrier and the rear end of said liner to form a composite detonation wave that attacks said liner.
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a charge of detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being symmetrical about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity havingsidewalls converging to the rear;
  • a liner of inert material lining said cavity; means for initiatinghigh-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically of said axis; and a solid barrier symmetrical about said axis embedded in said charge, all portions of said barrier being positioned rearwardly from said cavity and spaced forwardly from said initiating means, and inwardly from the outer surface of 20 said charge, said barrier having a substantially greater width than its axial thickness and having the characteristics throughout at least substantially its entire width of blocking transmission of high-order detonation-initiating energy forwardly therethrough and transmitting low-order detonation-initiating energy forwardly therethrough to initiate a low order detonation in the explosive material on the forward side of said barrier in response to highorder detonation of the explosivematerial at the rear of said barrier, said low-order detonation and the high-order detonation that travels forwardly around the periphery of said barrier merging in the explosive material between said barrier and the rear end of said liner to
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a charge of detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low order detonation therein, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being symmetrical about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear;
  • a liner of inert material lining said cavity; means for to initiate a low-order detonation in the explosive material on the forward side of said barrier in response to highorder detonation of the explosive material at the rear of said barrier, said low-order detonation and the high-order detonation that travels forwardly around the periphery of said barrier merging in the explosive materialbetween said barrier and the rear end of said liner to form a composite detonation Wave that attacks said liner.
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a. charge of detonating explosive material capable of sustaining-high-order detonation and low-order detonation there in, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being in the form of a body of revolution about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear; a liner of inert material lining said cavity; means for initiating high-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically of said axis; and a solid, disk-shaped barrier symmetrical about said axis embedded in said charge, all portions of said barrier being positioned rearwardly from said cavity and spaced forwardly from said initiating means and inwardly from the outer periphery of said charge, said barrier having the characteristics throughout at least substantially its entire width of blocking transmission lOf high-order detonation-initiating energy forwardly there
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a charge of detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high order detonation and low-order detonation therein, said charge having, a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being in theform of a body of revolution about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear; a liner of inert material lining said cavity; means for initiating high-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically of said axis; and a solid, disk-shaped barrier of steel symmetrical about said axis embedded in said charge, all portions of said barrier being positioned rearwardly from said cavity and spaced forwardly from said initiating means and inwardly from the outer periphery of said charge, said barrier having the characteristics throughout at least substantially its entire width of blocking transmission of high-order detonation-initiating energy forwardly therethrough and
  • a shaped explosivecharge device comprising: a chargeof detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being in the form of a body of revolution about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear; a liner of inert material lining said cavity; means for initiating high-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically of said axis; and a solid, substantially uniformly thick, disk-shaped barrier of metal having a spherical curvature symmetrical about said axis embedded in said charge, all portions of said barrier being positioned rearwardly from said cavity and spaced forwardly' from said initiating means and inwardly from the outer periphery of said charge, said barrier having the characteristics throughout at least substantially its entire, width of blocking transmission of high
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a charge of detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being symmetrical about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear; a liner of inert material lining said cavity; means for initiating high-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically of said axis; and a solid barrier symmetrical about said axis embedded in said charge, all portions of said barrier being positioned rearwardly from said cavity and spaced forwardly from said initiating means and inwardly from the outer surface of said charge, said barrier comprising an explosive substance capable :of sustaining therein a detonation of an order not greater than low-order, and said barrier having the characteristics throughout at least substantially its entire width of blocking transmission of highorder
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a charge of detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being symmetrical about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear; a liner of inert material lining said cavity; means for initiating high-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically of said axis; and a solid barrier symmetrical about said axis embedded.
  • said barrier comprising an intimate mixture of a finely divided high-explosive substance and a finely divided inert diluent therefor in proportions to render said barrier cap-able of sustaining therein a detonatron of an order not greater than low-order, and said barrier having the characteristics throughout at least substantially its entire width of blocking transmission of high-order detonation-initiating energy forwardly therethrough and transmitting low-order detonation-initiating.
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a charge of detonating explosive material capable of sustaining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said front end and being symmetrical about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear; a liner of inert material lining said cavity, said liner having a rearwardly convex, substantially spherical,
  • apex portion that extends across a wide central area of said change and side portions extending forwardly and outwardly from said apex portion; means for initiating high-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically of said axis; and a barrier symmetrical about said axis embedded in said charge, all portions of said barrier being positioned rearwardly of'said cavity and spaced forwardly from said initiating means and inwardly from the outer surface of said charge,
  • said'barrier having a substantially greater width than its axial thickness and having the characteristics throughout at least an axially symmetrical central portion of substantial lateral extent of blocking transmission of highorder detonation-initiating energy forwardly therethrough and transmitting low-order detonation-initiating energy forwardly therethrough to initiate a low-order detonation in the explosive material on the forward side of said barrier in response to high-order detonation of the ex-,
  • a shaped explosive charge device comprising: a
  • a shapedexplosive charge device comp-rising: a charge of detonating explosive material capable'of susa taining high-order detonation and low-order detonation therein, said charge having a front end and a rear end opposite said iront end and being in the form of a body of revolution about a longitudinal axis extending between said ends, said charge providing a cavity in its front end symmetrical about said axis, said cavity having sidewalls converging to the rear; a liner ofinert material lining said cavity, said liner having a rearwardly convex, substantially spherical, apex portion that extends across a wide central area of said charge and side portions of gradually decreasing curvature extending forwardly and outwardly from said apex portion; means for initiating high-order detonation in said charge at the rear end thereof and symmetrically of said axis; and a solid, substantially uniformly ithick, disk-shaped barrier of metal having a spherical

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US786888A 1955-11-23 1959-01-14 Shaped charge and method of firing the same Expired - Lifetime US3100445A (en)

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GB31756/55A GB785155A (en) 1959-01-14 1955-11-07 Improvements in or relating to explosive charges
DEB38014A DE1019948B (de) 1955-11-23 1955-11-23 Hohlraumsprengladung
FR1145210D FR1145210A (fr) 1959-01-14 1955-12-01 Perfectionnements apportés aux charges explosives
US786888A US3100445A (en) 1959-01-14 1959-01-14 Shaped charge and method of firing the same
GB1369/60A GB864238A (en) 1959-01-14 1960-01-14 Shaped explosive charge
DEB56238A DE1148926B (de) 1959-01-14 1960-01-14 Profilierte Sprengladung
FR815669A FR76926E (fr) 1959-01-14 1960-01-14 Perfectionnements apportés aux charges explosives

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US3377953A (en) * 1965-08-12 1968-04-16 Thomanek Franz Rudolf Detonator
US3451339A (en) * 1964-03-03 1969-06-24 Tech De Rech Ind Et Mechanique Priming explosive devices
US3736875A (en) * 1969-09-23 1973-06-05 Dynamit Nobel Ag Explosive charge with annular ignition gap
US3797391A (en) * 1972-11-20 1974-03-19 Us Air Force Multiple charge incendiary bomblet
US3802342A (en) * 1971-07-06 1974-04-09 Us Army Armor piercing fragment and launcher
US3970005A (en) * 1969-01-25 1976-07-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Mass focus explosive layered bomblet
US4184430A (en) * 1977-06-29 1980-01-22 Jet Research Center, Inc. Method and apparatus for severing tubing
US4259906A (en) * 1979-01-12 1981-04-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Shape charge agent disposing process
US4384527A (en) * 1978-09-21 1983-05-24 Diehl Gmbh Explosive body comprising an explosive charge ignitable by fuse
US4672896A (en) * 1984-08-21 1987-06-16 Societe D'etudes, De Realisations Et D'applications Techniques Hollow charges
US4829901A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-05-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Shaped charge having multi-point initiation for well perforating guns and method
US4892039A (en) * 1989-03-09 1990-01-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Ring detonator for shaped-charge warheads
US4942819A (en) * 1981-07-10 1990-07-24 Klaus Thoma Hollow charge
DE3843884A1 (de) * 1988-12-24 1990-07-26 Dynamit Nobel Ag Einrichtung zum ringartigen anzuenden einer hohlladung
US5565644A (en) * 1995-07-27 1996-10-15 Western Atlas International, Inc. Shaped charge with wave shaping lens
USD385326S (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-10-21 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Limited Base and liner for shaped charge
WO2001006200A3 (fr) * 1999-07-16 2001-05-17 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Charges explosives
US20050115391A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-06-02 Baker Ernest L. Method and apparatus to improve perforating effectiveness using a unique multiple point initiated shaped charge perforator
US20060125299A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2006-06-15 Ergo-Industrial Seating Systems Inc. Lever arm with tactile contour
EP1780374A1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Système non-fragile de perforateur de puits
US20110079162A1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2011-04-07 Raytheon Company Warhead booster explosive lens
US8371224B1 (en) 2008-11-26 2013-02-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Variable yield device and method of use
US20130061771A1 (en) * 2011-09-13 2013-03-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Active waveshaper for deep penetrating oil-field charges
AU2015300680B2 (en) * 2014-08-06 2017-08-03 Alba Manufacturing Corp. An explosive booster
CN107605442A (zh) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-19 中国石油天然气集团公司 高性能双层装药射孔弹
EP2932185B1 (fr) 2012-12-13 2018-05-30 Qinetiq Limited Procédé de modification d'une charge formée
US20180274342A1 (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-09-27 ldeasCo LLC Multi-Shot Charge for Perforating Gun
US10302405B1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2019-05-28 Triad National Security, Llc Superdetonation devices and methods for making and using the same
WO2020058978A1 (fr) * 2018-09-20 2020-03-26 David Cohen Appareil et procédé pour focaliser des explosions
US10921089B1 (en) * 2020-04-20 2021-02-16 The United States of America as represented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice Shaped charges for focusing a fluid mass
US20220074719A1 (en) * 2020-03-03 2022-03-10 Geodynamics, Inc. Asymmetric initiated shaped charge and method for making a slot-like perforation
US11415397B2 (en) * 2018-01-05 2022-08-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Additive manufacturing of energetic materials in oil well shaped charges
US11572976B1 (en) 2021-05-17 2023-02-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Multiple angle pivoting placement (MAPP) stand
US20230060155A1 (en) * 2018-08-16 2023-03-02 James G. Rairigh Shaped charge assembly, explosive units, and methods for selectively expanding wall of a tubular
US11933580B2 (en) 2019-08-09 2024-03-19 The United States of America as represented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice Shaped charges for focusing a fluid mass

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US3439611A (en) * 1967-09-13 1969-04-22 Du Pont Explosive primer
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FR2549949B1 (fr) * 1983-07-28 1987-01-16 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede et dispositif pour la conformation d'une onde de detonation
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Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3451339A (en) * 1964-03-03 1969-06-24 Tech De Rech Ind Et Mechanique Priming explosive devices
US3377953A (en) * 1965-08-12 1968-04-16 Thomanek Franz Rudolf Detonator
US3970005A (en) * 1969-01-25 1976-07-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Mass focus explosive layered bomblet
US3736875A (en) * 1969-09-23 1973-06-05 Dynamit Nobel Ag Explosive charge with annular ignition gap
US3802342A (en) * 1971-07-06 1974-04-09 Us Army Armor piercing fragment and launcher
US3797391A (en) * 1972-11-20 1974-03-19 Us Air Force Multiple charge incendiary bomblet
US4184430A (en) * 1977-06-29 1980-01-22 Jet Research Center, Inc. Method and apparatus for severing tubing
US4384527A (en) * 1978-09-21 1983-05-24 Diehl Gmbh Explosive body comprising an explosive charge ignitable by fuse
US4259906A (en) * 1979-01-12 1981-04-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Shape charge agent disposing process
US4942819A (en) * 1981-07-10 1990-07-24 Klaus Thoma Hollow charge
US4672896A (en) * 1984-08-21 1987-06-16 Societe D'etudes, De Realisations Et D'applications Techniques Hollow charges
US4829901A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-05-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Shaped charge having multi-point initiation for well perforating guns and method
DE3843884A1 (de) * 1988-12-24 1990-07-26 Dynamit Nobel Ag Einrichtung zum ringartigen anzuenden einer hohlladung
US4892039A (en) * 1989-03-09 1990-01-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Ring detonator for shaped-charge warheads
USD385326S (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-10-21 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Limited Base and liner for shaped charge
US5565644A (en) * 1995-07-27 1996-10-15 Western Atlas International, Inc. Shaped charge with wave shaping lens
WO2001006200A3 (fr) * 1999-07-16 2001-05-17 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Charges explosives
US20050115391A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-06-02 Baker Ernest L. Method and apparatus to improve perforating effectiveness using a unique multiple point initiated shaped charge perforator
US6925924B2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-08-09 Molycorp Inc. Method and apparatus to improve perforating effectiveness using a unique multiple point initiated shaped charge perforator
US20050188878A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-09-01 Baker Ernest L. Unique multiple point initiated shaped charge perforator and method for its use
US20060125299A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2006-06-15 Ergo-Industrial Seating Systems Inc. Lever arm with tactile contour
EP1780374A1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Système non-fragile de perforateur de puits
US8347962B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2013-01-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Non frangible perforating gun system
US20110094405A1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2011-04-28 Raytheon Company Warhead booster explosive lens
US7921775B1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2011-04-12 Raytheon Company Warhead booster explosive lens
US8037822B2 (en) * 2006-08-29 2011-10-18 Raytheon Company Warhead booster explosive lens
US20110079162A1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2011-04-07 Raytheon Company Warhead booster explosive lens
US8371224B1 (en) 2008-11-26 2013-02-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Variable yield device and method of use
US20130061771A1 (en) * 2011-09-13 2013-03-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Active waveshaper for deep penetrating oil-field charges
US11215039B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2022-01-04 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge and method of modifying a shaped charge
EP2932185B1 (fr) 2012-12-13 2018-05-30 Qinetiq Limited Procédé de modification d'une charge formée
US10533401B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2020-01-14 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge and method of modifying a shaped charge
US11702912B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2023-07-18 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge and method of modifying a shaped charge
AU2015300680B2 (en) * 2014-08-06 2017-08-03 Alba Manufacturing Corp. An explosive booster
US10048047B2 (en) 2014-08-06 2018-08-14 Alba Manufacturing Corp. Explosive booster
AU2017254936B2 (en) * 2014-08-06 2019-02-14 Alba Manufacturing Corp. An explosive booster
US10302405B1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2019-05-28 Triad National Security, Llc Superdetonation devices and methods for making and using the same
US20180274342A1 (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-09-27 ldeasCo LLC Multi-Shot Charge for Perforating Gun
US10443361B2 (en) * 2017-03-27 2019-10-15 IdeasCo LLC Multi-shot charge for perforating gun
CN107605442A (zh) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-19 中国石油天然气集团公司 高性能双层装药射孔弹
CN107605442B (zh) * 2017-09-28 2020-08-11 中国石油天然气集团公司 高性能双层装药射孔弹
US11415397B2 (en) * 2018-01-05 2022-08-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Additive manufacturing of energetic materials in oil well shaped charges
US20230060155A1 (en) * 2018-08-16 2023-03-02 James G. Rairigh Shaped charge assembly, explosive units, and methods for selectively expanding wall of a tubular
US11781394B2 (en) * 2018-08-16 2023-10-10 James G. Rairigh Shaped charge assembly, explosive units, and methods for selectively expanding wall of a tubular
WO2020058978A1 (fr) * 2018-09-20 2020-03-26 David Cohen Appareil et procédé pour focaliser des explosions
US11933580B2 (en) 2019-08-09 2024-03-19 The United States of America as represented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice Shaped charges for focusing a fluid mass
US20220074719A1 (en) * 2020-03-03 2022-03-10 Geodynamics, Inc. Asymmetric initiated shaped charge and method for making a slot-like perforation
US10921089B1 (en) * 2020-04-20 2021-02-16 The United States of America as represented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice Shaped charges for focusing a fluid mass
US11572976B1 (en) 2021-05-17 2023-02-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Multiple angle pivoting placement (MAPP) stand

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DE1148926B (de) 1963-05-16
GB864238A (en) 1961-03-29
FR1145210A (fr) 1957-10-23
GB785155A (en) 1957-10-23

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