US3097416A - Textile filaments - Google Patents

Textile filaments Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3097416A
US3097416A US5834260A US3097416A US 3097416 A US3097416 A US 3097416A US 5834260 A US5834260 A US 5834260A US 3097416 A US3097416 A US 3097416A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
cross
ratio
filament
textile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Henderson Mckinney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE637272D priority Critical patent/BE637272A/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US5834260 priority patent/US3097416A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3097416A publication Critical patent/US3097416A/en
Priority to GB29013/63A priority patent/GB979199A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section

Definitions

  • This invention relates to textile filaments and fibers. More particularly, it relates to multilobal filaments and fibers prepared from synthetic polymers.
  • Textile filaments prepared from synthetic polymers e.g., from polyamides and polyesters, have a characteristic gloss or sheen which while being very desirable in certain products is undesirable in others.
  • a subdued luster rather than a gloss or sheen is preferred.
  • textiles prepared from them do not possess the degree of hiding or covering power required in certain fabric constructions.
  • By modifying the fiber cross section it has been possible to improve covering power. However, such modifications have resulted in a loss in resistance to soiling as well as other desirable properties. It has been recently discovered that by utilizing filaments of a particular cross section the gloss or sheen can be eliminated and a sparkling luster provided.
  • Such highluster filaments as those described in US. Patents 2,939,201 and 2,939,202 also provide superior covering power as well as outstanding resistance to soiling.
  • dellusterants it has been necessary to add dellusterants to the polymer from which the filaments are prepared.
  • delusterants to the polymer
  • the use of conventional delusterants, such as titanium dioxide, in filamentary structures results in poor light stability of the structures, particularly those containing large quantities of delusterant.
  • the light-fastness of certain dyes on many polymeric materials is impaired by presence of the delusterants and, furthermore, upon exposure to sunlight the filaments tend to develop an undesirable chalky appearance.
  • the presence of delusterants in the polymer also reduces color clarity and optical depth of the filaments, giving the fabrics a chalky, washed-out appearance. Due to the abrasive nature of the delusterant particles, excessive wear in processing equipment is experienced. In addition, uniform distribution of the delusterant in the polymer is dilficult to achieve.
  • an object of the present invention to provide novel filaments from synthetic polymers which exhibit a subdued luster, excellent covering power, and high resistance to soiling.
  • a more specific object of this invention is to provide filaments of synthetic polymers having a trilobal cross section which exhibit the aforementioned properties without the incorporation of delusterants in the polymer.
  • novel filaments and fibers from synthetic polymers which have a cross section consisting of three integrally joined, substantially symmetrical lobes.
  • textiles, prepared from the products of this invention exhibit outstanding and unique optical properties as well as improved resistance to soiling.
  • the resistance to SOlllIlg includes not only the ability of the filaments and pickup of soil but also soil-hiding ability attributable to the unique optical properties.
  • the unique optical properties provide a high degree of cover and a pleasing subdued luster.
  • the lobes of the filaments of this invention are located with substantial symmetry about a central point.
  • Each lobe has a curved terminal portion or tip generated by a radius, the origin of which is along the line of symmetry of the lobe.
  • the curved terminal portion or tip of the lobe is connected to adjacent tips by side portions which are generally curved but may have a limited length of essentially straight side which connects the curved portion to the tip.
  • the lobe is further defined by a lobe or arm angle formed by extending the straight side portions, when present, or lines which are tangent to the curved side portions and the terminal portion of the tips at their point of intersection.
  • the filaments of this invention may be prepared by extruding molten polymer or a solution of the Spinning conditions must, of course, be varied depending on the particular synthetic polymer being extruded.
  • the conditions should be controlled to provide filaments having a substantially uniform cross-sectional shape along their length,
  • FIGURE 1 is an enlarged representation of a cross section of a filament of this invention
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 are graphs showing the areas which define limits of the parameters of the cross section of the filaments of this invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is an enlarged representation of a spinneret (l) The ratio of the tip radius r of the lobe to the radius R of a circle a having a center c circumscribed about the tips b of the lobes;
  • the tip radius ratio must be within the range from about 0.05 to about 0.4 the arm angle must be within the range from about to about +40", the modification ratio must be within the range between about 1.9 and about 4.0, and the straight side ratio must be within the range between about zero and about 0.7.
  • the filaments must have an arm angle and a tip radius ratio within the range represented by the area LNVX, and a tip radius ratio and a straight side ratio within the range represented by the area SUCZ.
  • the modification ratio as previously indicated, must be in the range from about 1.9 to about 4.0.
  • Filaments having an a tip radius ratio arm angle between about 5 and between about 0.05 and 0.15, a straight side ratio between about zero and about 0.4, and a modification ratio between about 2.1 and 3.0 are particularly preferred since this combination of the parameters provides textile materials having outstanding optical properties.
  • spinning conditions used in preparing the novel products of this invention may vary, depending on the particular polymer being spun.
  • shape of the spinneret orifice may also be varied.
  • An orifice having a Y-shape or one having a Y- shape with slots along the arms, as illustrated in FIG. 4, may be used advantageously.
  • the dimensions of the orifice can be adjusted to provide filaments of different cross section and deniers. In general, deniers from 1 to 35 are preferred for most textile applications; however, higher denier filaments exhibit the aforementioned novel properties. The optimum denier will, of course, be dictated by the end use of the textile material to be prepared.
  • the molten filaments solidify as they pass downward through a chimney of moving air, and the yarn is wound up on bobbins. After spinning, the filaments are drawn over a ceramic pin at the draw ratios indicated in Table 1, where draw ratio indicates the ratio of speed of the windup roll to the speed of the feed roll.
  • the cross scotional configurations of the filaments in each of the samples depends on the configurations of the spinneret orifices.
  • the average measurements of the cross-sectional parameters for each of the samples is indicated in Table 1.
  • Plain weave taffeta fabrics are woven from these yarns.
  • a twist of 7Z turns per inch is added to the warp yarns before weaving.
  • the filling yarns are woven without further twisting.
  • Loom construction is ends and 80 picks. After scouring and heat setting the finished weight of the fabric is 2.3 ounces per square yard and the fabric has ends per inch and 88 picks per inch.
  • Fabrics A and B have greatly increased cover, crisper and drier hand, and increased color clarity and depth when compared to fabric C.
  • Fabrics A, B and D have high percent light refiectance but fabrics A and B have a more diffuse uniform reflectance than fabric D and have much less sparkle, being relatively free of high intensity light beams.
  • EXAMPLE II Polyhexamethylene adipamide yarns suitable for use in carpets are melt spun at a temperature of 290 C. through stainless steel spinnerets. Three types of filament cross section are spun for comparison. Table 2 shows the type of orifice, the cross sectional measurements of the filaments, and the amount of titanium dioxide pigment added as delusterant.
  • Sample E is spun through a spinnneret having orifices of the type illustrated in FIGURE 4.
  • the orifices for spinning sample E each have three arms with cross slots similar to the orifices described in Example I for samples A and B.
  • a second cross sectional configuration is spun using the threearrned orifices with expanded tips as described in the Lehmicke patent cited in Example I.
  • a third type of yarn having filaments with round cross section is spun from round orifices.
  • Each of the samples is spun from spinnerets having 68 orifices. Upon leaving the spinneret, the extruded filaments are quenched in a chimney with an air flow of about 300 cubic feet per minute and are then wound up as 68 filament yarns at a windup speed of 350 yards per minute. The spun yarns are then drawn using a ceramic snubbing pin at a draw ratio sufiicient to give drawn yarns with a tenacity of about 3 grams per denier, and a break elongation of about 35%. The drawn yarn deniers are about 1000. The average cross sectional measurements of the three types of filament are shown in Table 2.
  • the three drawn yarn samples are each bulked by passing through a jet with superheated steam as described by Breen and Lautcrbach in the copending US. patent, S.N. 698,103, filed November 22, 1957.
  • the singles bulked yarns are twisted 2-Z turns per inch and then three plied with l-S turn per inch.
  • Carpets having 25 ounces per square yard of pile yarn are tufted from each of the three-ply yarn samples.
  • Carpet samples from E and F have higher total light refiectance than sample G but sample B in addition has greater clarity of color than sample F.
  • Sample E is much superior to sample F in stability to sunlight because of the absence of titanium dioxide pigment.
  • sample B retains its tenacity at a high level for a much longer period of time than during exposure to sunlight than sample F or sample G.
  • the light-fastness of dyes is much greater in sample E than in sample F.
  • Samples E and F are superior to round cross sections in soil-hiding ability, but the carpet from sample B is significantly better in soil-hiding ability than the carpet from sample F.
  • polyester filaments are prepared from polyethylene terephthalate containing 0.02% titanium dioxide pigment and having a relative viscosity of 19.5 solution of polymer in 10 parts phenol and 7 parts of trichlorophenol) as described in Belgian Patent 549,179.
  • the polymer is melt spun at 296 C. through a stainless-steel spinneret of the type shown in FIGURE 4. Upon leaving the spinneret, the extruded filaments are quenched in cross-flor air having a velocity of 65 ft./min. and a temperature of 70 F. and then wound up as a SD-filament yarn at a windup speed of 1500 yards per minute. The total denier of the spun yarn is 170. The spun yarn is then drawn at a temperature of 104 C. using a one-quarter inch ceramic snubbing pin, a draw ratio of 2.5, and a windup speed of 604 yards per minute. The drawn yarn has a total denier of 70, a tenacity of 3.0 grams per denier, and a break elongation of 25%.
  • the filament cross sections are characterized by the following measurements: r /R is 0.17, angle A is M is 3.0, and f/R is zero.
  • Taffeta fabric samples prepared from this yarn have a unique combination of attractive subdued luster, high covering power, and excellent color clarity.
  • the fabrics are dry and crisp to the touch.
  • the filaments of the present invention may be prepared from a variety of synthetic polymers, e.g., polyamidcs, polyester, polyhydrocarbons, polyurethanes, and the like.
  • synthetic polymers e.g., polyamidcs, polyester, polyhydrocarbons, polyurethanes, and the like.
  • polymers described in U.S. Patent 2,939,201 may be used.
  • polyester derived from ethylene glycol and 2.6-naphthalic acid and the polyester derived from 2,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxy phenyl)-propane and isophthalic acid may be used.
  • copolymers derived from ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid and copolymers from ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid, and 4,4-bibenzoic acid are useful for preparing the filaments of this invention.
  • various known textile adjuvants may be included in the polymer, e.g., pigments, dyes, plasticizers, etc.
  • the filaments may also be subjected to usual after-treatments such as drawing, crimping, bulking, dyeing, etc.
  • the addition of a delusterant is not necessary to obtain a subdued luster.
  • the addition of any significant amount of delusterant will cause the loss of some, but not all, of the unique properties described.
  • the addition of 0.05% to 0.1% of titanium dioxide will result in a marked reduction in light-stability and dye light-fastncss as well as some loss in optical depth.
  • such properties as soiling resistance and covering power will still be retained at higher levels of addition.
  • Slight variations in the configuration of the filaments may be present without impairing their desirable prop erties.
  • the lobes of the filaments may not be perfectly symmetrical.
  • Other slight distortions may also be introduced into the filament during spinning or processing operations such as drawing, crimping, twisting dyeing, or bulking.
  • Novel fibers and filaments of this invention may be employed to produce a wide variety of ditlerent types of fabrics including both apparel and industrial textile products.
  • Specific examples of these products include shirtings, suitings, dress and blouse fabrics, hosiery, sheeting, lingerie, tatfetas, georgettes, sand-Crepes, tissue-failles, foulards, broadcloths, batistes, rainwear, surah, tricot, tulles, circular knitted goods, satins, cvons, sheers, Wash-wear fabrics, crepes, casement fabrics, upholstery, filter cloths, ducks, beltings, webbing, braids, cordage and twine, fiber reinforced laminates, tire cord, coated fabrics, stufiing materials, floor coverings and tiles.
  • the filaments and fibers of this invention are particularly useful in preparing various types of carpeting, e.g., woven, tufted, chenille, Smyrna, Wilton, Saxony, Brussels, velvet, Axminster, orientals, knitted, pleated, and the like due to the particular aforementioned properties which the filaments and fibers of this invention exhibit.
  • a textile filament of a synthetic polymer having an essentially uniform cross section along its length, said cross section consisting of three integrally joined, substantially symmetrical lobes, said cross section having a tip radius ratio and an arm angle within the range represented by the area LNVX on FIGURE 2 of the drawing, a straight side ratio within the range represented by the area SUZC on FIGURE 3 of the drawing, and a modification ratio within the range from about 1.9 to about 4.0.
  • the tip radius ratio is within the range from about 0.05 to about 0.15
  • the arm angle is within the range from about 5 to about 35
  • the straight side ratio is within the range from about zero to about 0.4
  • the modification ratio is within the range from about 2.1 to about 3.0.
  • a textile yarn having a subdued luster comprised of filaments of claim l.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
US5834260 1960-09-26 1960-09-26 Textile filaments Expired - Lifetime US3097416A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE637272D BE637272A (de) 1960-09-26
US5834260 US3097416A (en) 1960-09-26 1960-09-26 Textile filaments
GB29013/63A GB979199A (en) 1960-09-26 1963-07-22 Artificial trilobal textile filaments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5834260 US3097416A (en) 1960-09-26 1960-09-26 Textile filaments

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3097416A true US3097416A (en) 1963-07-16

Family

ID=73744446

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US5834260 Expired - Lifetime US3097416A (en) 1960-09-26 1960-09-26 Textile filaments

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3097416A (de)
BE (1) BE637272A (de)
GB (1) GB979199A (de)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164949A (en) * 1963-03-22 1965-01-12 Du Pont Trilobal filamentary yarns
US3220173A (en) * 1964-12-02 1965-11-30 Du Pont Trilobal filamentary yarns
US3508390A (en) * 1968-09-30 1970-04-28 Allied Chem Modified filament and fabrics produced therefrom
US3642420A (en) * 1966-09-29 1972-02-15 Rhodiaceta Spinneret for producing trilobal yarns
US3994122A (en) * 1975-03-20 1976-11-30 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Mixed cross-section staple filament mixtures and yarn therefrom
US4492731A (en) * 1982-11-22 1985-01-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Trilobal filaments exhibiting high bulk and sparkle
US5176926A (en) * 1991-08-27 1993-01-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spinnerets for producing trilobal and tetralobal filaments exhibiting low glitter and high bulk
EP0530489A1 (de) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-10 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Glanzarme und voluminöse drei- und vierlappige Fasern
US5208106A (en) * 1991-08-27 1993-05-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Trilobal and tetralobal filaments exhibiting low glitter and high bulk
EP0595157A1 (de) * 1992-10-27 1994-05-04 Basf Corporation Multilobalfaser mit Projektionen in jedem Schenkel für Teppichgarne und Spinndüse zu ihrer Herstellung
US5334452A (en) * 1992-11-16 1994-08-02 Monsanto Company Carpet fibers having multifoliate cross-sectional configuration
WO2001090452A1 (en) * 2000-05-25 2001-11-29 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multilobal polymer filaments and articles produced therefrom
US6673450B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2004-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Soft hand, low luster, high body carpet filaments
EP1518948A1 (de) * 2000-05-25 2005-03-30 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Multilobale polymerische Filamente und daraus hergestellte Artikel

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US414090A (en) * 1889-10-29 Draw-plate
US2291873A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-08-04 Du Pont Synthetic filament
US2637893A (en) * 1949-03-12 1953-05-12 Shaw Gilbert Artificial filament
US2746839A (en) * 1953-06-26 1956-05-22 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method of spinning shaped filaments of plastic materials
US2829027A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Dry spinning process for making y-shaped filaments
US2939201A (en) * 1959-06-24 1960-06-07 Du Pont Trilobal textile filament

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US414090A (en) * 1889-10-29 Draw-plate
US2291873A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-08-04 Du Pont Synthetic filament
US2637893A (en) * 1949-03-12 1953-05-12 Shaw Gilbert Artificial filament
US2746839A (en) * 1953-06-26 1956-05-22 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method of spinning shaped filaments of plastic materials
US2829027A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Dry spinning process for making y-shaped filaments
US2939201A (en) * 1959-06-24 1960-06-07 Du Pont Trilobal textile filament

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164949A (en) * 1963-03-22 1965-01-12 Du Pont Trilobal filamentary yarns
US3220173A (en) * 1964-12-02 1965-11-30 Du Pont Trilobal filamentary yarns
US3642420A (en) * 1966-09-29 1972-02-15 Rhodiaceta Spinneret for producing trilobal yarns
US3508390A (en) * 1968-09-30 1970-04-28 Allied Chem Modified filament and fabrics produced therefrom
US3994122A (en) * 1975-03-20 1976-11-30 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Mixed cross-section staple filament mixtures and yarn therefrom
US4492731A (en) * 1982-11-22 1985-01-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Trilobal filaments exhibiting high bulk and sparkle
AU656007B2 (en) * 1991-08-27 1995-01-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Trilobal and tetralobal filaments exhibiting low glitter and high bulk
US5176926A (en) * 1991-08-27 1993-01-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Spinnerets for producing trilobal and tetralobal filaments exhibiting low glitter and high bulk
EP0530489A1 (de) * 1991-08-27 1993-03-10 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Glanzarme und voluminöse drei- und vierlappige Fasern
US5208106A (en) * 1991-08-27 1993-05-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Trilobal and tetralobal filaments exhibiting low glitter and high bulk
EP0595157A1 (de) * 1992-10-27 1994-05-04 Basf Corporation Multilobalfaser mit Projektionen in jedem Schenkel für Teppichgarne und Spinndüse zu ihrer Herstellung
US5334452A (en) * 1992-11-16 1994-08-02 Monsanto Company Carpet fibers having multifoliate cross-sectional configuration
WO2001090452A1 (en) * 2000-05-25 2001-11-29 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multilobal polymer filaments and articles produced therefrom
US6673442B2 (en) 2000-05-25 2004-01-06 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multilobal polymer filaments and articles produced therefrom
US20040121150A1 (en) * 2000-05-25 2004-06-24 Johnson Stephen B. Multilobal polymer filaments and articles produced therefrom
US6855420B2 (en) 2000-05-25 2005-02-15 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Multilobal polymer filaments and articles produced therefrom
EP1518948A1 (de) * 2000-05-25 2005-03-30 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Multilobale polymerische Filamente und daraus hergestellte Artikel
CN1328421C (zh) * 2000-05-25 2007-07-25 因维斯塔技术有限公司 长丝、至少部分由其生产的复丝纱、制品、衣服和织物及其生产方法
US6673450B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2004-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Soft hand, low luster, high body carpet filaments
US20040071963A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2004-04-15 Honeywell International Inc. Soft hand, low luster, high body carpet filaments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE637272A (de)
GB979199A (en) 1965-01-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2939201A (en) Trilobal textile filament
US3508390A (en) Modified filament and fabrics produced therefrom
US3097416A (en) Textile filaments
US3156607A (en) Lobed filament
US3109220A (en) Tetralobal cross-sectioned filaments
US4025595A (en) Process for preparing mixed filament yarns
US2939202A (en) Synthetic polymer textile filament
US3131428A (en) Spinneret and spinning method
US3914488A (en) Polyester filaments for fur-like fabrics
US3186155A (en) Textile product of synthetic organic filaments having randomly varying twist along each filament
US3460336A (en) Composite yarn structures and method of preparing same
US4020229A (en) Multi-cavity filaments
JPH0214040A (ja) 新規繊維布
US3425893A (en) Textile filaments
US3109278A (en) Multilobal textile filaments having controlled uniform twist and fabrics prepared therefrom
US3534540A (en) Composite multi-color or colorable yarn structures
US4323612A (en) Carpets having pile of crimped and non-crimped nylon filaments
US3194002A (en) Multifilament yarn of non-regular cross section
JPS62170510A (ja) 干渉色を有する繊維
US3174271A (en) Variable denier multifilament yarn having random slubs in a broad distribution of sizes
US5447771A (en) Fiber bilobal cross-sections and carpets prepared therefrom having a silk-like luster and soft hand
US20030041586A1 (en) False twist yarns and production method and production device therefor
US3419936A (en) Spinneret for melt spinning filaments
US3109768A (en) Textile filament
US3616633A (en) Tetralobal synthetic filament process for producing the same and article made therefrom