US3095822A - Plastic wheels or runners - Google Patents

Plastic wheels or runners Download PDF

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Publication number
US3095822A
US3095822A US67108A US6710860A US3095822A US 3095822 A US3095822 A US 3095822A US 67108 A US67108 A US 67108A US 6710860 A US6710860 A US 6710860A US 3095822 A US3095822 A US 3095822A
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Prior art keywords
impeller
vanes
base member
hub
plastic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US67108A
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Kiefer Otto
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2205—Conventional flow pattern
    • F04D29/2222—Construction and assembly
    • F04D29/2227—Construction and assembly for special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/04—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
    • F01D5/043—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines of the axial inlet- radial outlet, or vice versa, type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber

Definitions

  • thermoplastic material impeller of the type generally used in centrifugal fans or pumps.
  • impeller In prior art devices of this nature the usual impeller is constructed from a plurality of difierent parts. Ordinarily a hub and base are machined or cast from metal and then a plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes or paddles are welded on or afiixed to the base and/ or hub in some manner. Other metal impellers have been constructed wherein the vanes were integrally formed with the base. In either case the impeller was rather heavy and unsuitable for use where weight was a consideration.
  • Impellers constructed from a combination of plastic and metal components have several inherent disadvantages. First, separate operations are required to form the different parts, and second the subsequent assembly of these parts involves additional labor. Another disadvantage is that the parts being mechanically joined together are more subject to failure than the parts in an integrally formed impeller.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art devices by constructing an improved non-metallic impeller having integrally formed hollow vanes or paddles.
  • Another object of this invention is an improved nonmetallic impeller with hollow vanes having side walls diverging from their apex to the base affording considerable strength and rigidity.
  • Another object of the invention is an improved nonmetallic impeller having its connection to the shaft at the center of gravity of the wheel.
  • Another object of the invention is an improved nonmetallic impeller which is very light in weight, and economical to manufacture.
  • Another object of the invention is an improved method of forming non-metallic impellers or the like.
  • FIGURE 1 is a top plan view showing the completed impeller and the position of the blades with respect to the base and hub.
  • FIGURE 2 is a bottom plan view of the impeller showing the openings in its underside which define the hollow areas of the vanes.
  • FIGURE 3 is a side elevation of FIGURE 1 with parts 3,095,822 Patented July 2, 1963 in section showing the extended hub portion and the integral construction of one of the hollow vanes.
  • FIGURE 4 is an enlarged cross section of one of the vanes showing the hollow construction and the upwardly converging side walls.
  • dotted line is shown a portion of the mold in which the impeller is formed.
  • the impeller can be formed also by a positive model which has the advantage of being cheaper and less heavy.
  • FIGURE 5 is similar to FIGURE 4 showing an alternate type of mold in dotted lines.
  • FIGURE 1 shows an impeller 10 which has a plurality of circumferentially spaced hollow vanes 12 project-ing upwardly from a base member .14.
  • a hub 16 through which a power shaft, not shown, passes is centrally located in the base member 14.
  • FIGURE 2 there is shown the underside of the impeller 10.
  • the openings 20 in the base member 14 are the cavities in the hollow vanes 12.
  • the hub 16 projects upwardly from the base member 14 in the same direction as the vanes 12.
  • the hollow vanes 12 are shown as extending radially outwardly from the hub 16, to a point adjacent the outer peripheral edge 18 of the base member 14.
  • the hub 16 is projected upwardly from the base 14 to the center of gravity of the impeller 10 which is between the upper edges of the vanes 12 and the base member .14. By forming the hub in this manner there will be relatively no deformation or flexing of the impeller at high revolutions. Also shown in FIGURE 2 is a side elevation in cross section of one of the hollow vanes 12. The vanes as shown are integrally formed with the hub 16 and the base member 14.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates one of the hollow vanes 12 in cross section showing the continuous walls 22, and 24.
  • the walls '22 and 24 converge upwardly from the base member 14 to a rounded apex 26.
  • a portion of the mold 28 in which the impeller 10 is formed has a plurality of cavities 30, one of which is shown, corresponding in number to the number of vanes which are to be formed on the impeller. There are also portions of the mold (not shown) wherein the base member and hub portion are formed.
  • a sheet of thermoplastic material is positioned in mold 28. The thermoplastic material is heated in order to soften it to a workable state and it is then subjected to a molding pressure differential. This causes the softened thermo plastic sheet to conform to the configuration defined by the interior wall surfaces of the mold i.e., the plastic will be drawn or forced into the mold cavities forming the hollow vanes 12, integral base member 14, and hub 16.
  • FIGURE 5 there is shown in dotted lines an alternate type of mold 32 which can be used to form the impeller.
  • the mold rather than being provided with a plurality of cavities has a positive configuration.
  • the thermoplastic material when softened and subjected to a molding pressure differential will be caused to conform to the mold surfaces.
  • the resultant impeller will have a configuration as previously described.
  • the molding method used can be of either the vacuum or direct pressure type with a negative or a positive model.
  • An impeller unitary in structure and composed Wholly of thermoplastic material including a base member having an integral centrally located portion forming a hub, and having integral wall members extending upwardly from said base member, said Wall members converging at their tops to form a plurality of substantially V-shaped circumferentially spaced hollow vanes opening downwardly through said base member, said vanes extending from a point adjacent the periphery of said base member to said hub, and said hub extending upwardly from said base member to the vertical center of gravity of said impeller between the upper edge of said vanes and said base member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

July 2, 1963 o. KIEFER PLASTIC WHEELS OR RUNNERS Filed Nov. 3. 1960 "Hu t R OR ME EF WE m 0 T T O United States Patent 3,095,822 PLASTIC WIEELS OR RUNNERS Otto Kiefer, 89 Schottstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany Filed Nov. 3, 1960, Ser. No. 67,108 Claims priority, application Germany Apr. 1, 1960 1 Ciaim. (Cl. 103-414) The invention described herein relates to the construction of integrally formed non-metallic impellers and the method of forming such impellers.
More specifically the invention is directed to an improved thermoplastic material impeller of the type generally used in centrifugal fans or pumps.
In prior art devices of this nature the usual impeller is constructed from a plurality of difierent parts. Ordinarily a hub and base are machined or cast from metal and then a plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes or paddles are welded on or afiixed to the base and/ or hub in some manner. Other metal impellers have been constructed wherein the vanes were integrally formed with the base. In either case the impeller was rather heavy and unsuitable for use where weight was a consideration.
In order to meet the present day demands for a relatively light weight impeller subsequent improvements were made. At present lighter weight impellers are usually constructed from plastic and metal parts or solely from plastic.
Impellers constructed from a combination of plastic and metal components have several inherent disadvantages. First, separate operations are required to form the different parts, and second the subsequent assembly of these parts involves additional labor. Another disadvantage is that the parts being mechanically joined together are more subject to failure than the parts in an integrally formed impeller.
In constructing impellers formed solely from plastic, a quantity of fluid plastic material is injected into a mold and allowed to harden. The result is a rotor having a fair degree of rigidity and strength. However, as the prior art discloses, in order to have strength and rigidity, plastic impellers are solid in construction. This construction requires a considerable amount of plastic material to form the impeller, also a relatively complicated apparatus is necessary to perform the molding operation.
An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art devices by constructing an improved non-metallic impeller having integrally formed hollow vanes or paddles.
Another object of this invention is an improved nonmetallic impeller with hollow vanes having side walls diverging from their apex to the base affording considerable strength and rigidity.
Another object of the invention is an improved nonmetallic impeller having its connection to the shaft at the center of gravity of the wheel.
Another object of the invention is an improved nonmetallic impeller which is very light in weight, and economical to manufacture.
Another object of the invention is an improved method of forming non-metallic impellers or the like.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanyin g drawings wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a top plan view showing the completed impeller and the position of the blades with respect to the base and hub.
FIGURE 2 is a bottom plan view of the impeller showing the openings in its underside which define the hollow areas of the vanes.
FIGURE 3 is a side elevation of FIGURE 1 with parts 3,095,822 Patented July 2, 1963 in section showing the extended hub portion and the integral construction of one of the hollow vanes.
FIGURE 4 is an enlarged cross section of one of the vanes showing the hollow construction and the upwardly converging side walls. In dotted line is shown a portion of the mold in which the impeller is formed. The impeller can be formed also by a positive model which has the advantage of being cheaper and less heavy.
FIGURE 5 is similar to FIGURE 4 showing an alternate type of mold in dotted lines.
FIGURE 1 shows an impeller 10 which has a plurality of circumferentially spaced hollow vanes 12 project-ing upwardly from a base member .14. A hub 16 through which a power shaft, not shown, passes is centrally located in the base member 14.
In FIGURE 2 there is shown the underside of the impeller 10. The openings 20 in the base member 14 are the cavities in the hollow vanes 12.
As shown in FIGURE '3, the hub 16 projects upwardly from the base member 14 in the same direction as the vanes 12. The hollow vanes 12 are shown as extending radially outwardly from the hub 16, to a point adjacent the outer peripheral edge 18 of the base member 14.
The hub 16 is projected upwardly from the base 14 to the center of gravity of the impeller 10 which is between the upper edges of the vanes 12 and the base member .14. By forming the hub in this manner there will be relatively no deformation or flexing of the impeller at high revolutions. Also shown in FIGURE 2 is a side elevation in cross section of one of the hollow vanes 12. The vanes as shown are integrally formed with the hub 16 and the base member 14.
FIGURE 4 illustrates one of the hollow vanes 12 in cross section showing the continuous walls 22, and 24. The walls '22 and 24 converge upwardly from the base member 14 to a rounded apex 26. By forming the vanes 12 substantially V-shaped they will have the necessary strength and rigidity to resist the centrifugal force developed during rotation at high speed and also resist the pressure of the fluid being moved.
In dotted lines there is shown a portion of the mold 28 in which the impeller 10 is formed. The mold 28 has a plurality of cavities 30, one of which is shown, corresponding in number to the number of vanes which are to be formed on the impeller. There are also portions of the mold (not shown) wherein the base member and hub portion are formed. In forming the impeller a sheet of thermoplastic material is positioned in mold 28. The thermoplastic material is heated in order to soften it to a workable state and it is then subjected to a molding pressure differential. This causes the softened thermo plastic sheet to conform to the configuration defined by the interior wall surfaces of the mold i.e., the plastic will be drawn or forced into the mold cavities forming the hollow vanes 12, integral base member 14, and hub 16.
Referring to FIGURE 5 there is shown in dotted lines an alternate type of mold 32 which can be used to form the impeller. In this instance, the mold rather than being provided with a plurality of cavities has a positive configuration. The thermoplastic material when softened and subjected to a molding pressure differential will be caused to conform to the mold surfaces. The resultant impeller will have a configuration as previously described.
The molding method used can be of either the vacuum or direct pressure type with a negative or a positive model.
Although the invention has been described in its preferred form, it is to be understood that it is not limited to the details of construction as shown as many modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications are to be considered within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
An impeller unitary in structure and composed Wholly of thermoplastic material, including a base member having an integral centrally located portion forming a hub, and having integral wall members extending upwardly from said base member, said Wall members converging at their tops to form a plurality of substantially V-shaped circumferentially spaced hollow vanes opening downwardly through said base member, said vanes extending from a point adjacent the periphery of said base member to said hub, and said hub extending upwardly from said base member to the vertical center of gravity of said impeller between the upper edge of said vanes and said base member.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,688,001 Altorfer Oct. 16, 1928 4 Dietenberger May 14, 19 29 Jnengst et a1 Mar. 1, 1932 Bitterli et al Dec. 9, 1952 Kelly May 29, 1956 Wernert Sept. 25, 1956 Chubbuck Feb. 26, 1957 Smith et a1 Ian. 20, 1959 Settle Feb. 13, 1962 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain June 11, 1952 Great Britain I an. 13, 1954 Italy Apr. 23, 1954 France Apr. 27, 1957 France Nov. 10, 1958
US67108A 1960-04-01 1960-11-03 Plastic wheels or runners Expired - Lifetime US3095822A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885888A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-05-27 John G Warhol Cooling fan for radiators and the like
JPS50145002U (en) * 1974-05-20 1975-12-01
US3952712A (en) * 1975-01-30 1976-04-27 Tecumseh Products Company Composite flywheel assembly
JPS5442007A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-04-03 Showa Fuuriyoku Kikai Kk Plate fan impeller
US4414171A (en) * 1982-01-28 1983-11-08 The Boeing Co. Method of making an injection molded propeller
US5554004A (en) * 1995-07-27 1996-09-10 Ametek, Inc. Fan impeller assembly
EP0857528A2 (en) * 1997-02-04 1998-08-12 CORAL S.p.A. Method of producing a sheet metal fan, and fan produced thereby
JP2018009500A (en) * 2016-07-13 2018-01-18 株式会社荏原製作所 Impeller for vortex type pump and vortex type pump

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1688001A (en) * 1927-06-15 1928-10-16 Altorfer Bros Co Agitator for washing machines
US1712755A (en) * 1926-11-08 1929-05-14 James B Kirby Washing machine
US1847484A (en) * 1927-09-06 1932-03-01 Landers Frary & Clark Washing machine
GB673647A (en) * 1948-12-22 1952-06-11 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements relating to suction cleaners and impellers therefor
US2621140A (en) * 1940-08-28 1952-12-09 Comp Generale Electricite Method for molding propeller blades
GB702287A (en) * 1950-07-06 1954-01-13 Ernst Faber Improvements in or relating to vacuum cleaners
US2748045A (en) * 1953-11-17 1956-05-29 William L Kelly Method of making molded plastic washing machine agitator
US2764099A (en) * 1948-02-27 1956-09-25 Wernert Karl Housing of artificial material for singe stage centrifugal pumps
US2782722A (en) * 1955-08-01 1957-02-26 Ford Motor Co Plastic impeller
FR1145007A (en) * 1956-04-03 1957-10-21 Carrette Freres Washing machine
US2869774A (en) * 1955-08-23 1959-01-20 Reliance Electric & Eng Co Removable hub
FR70250E (en) * 1956-06-11 1959-03-25 Jouma Washing machine
US3021049A (en) * 1957-01-31 1962-02-13 Gen Electric Tapered clamping ring for fan and improved hub design

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1712755A (en) * 1926-11-08 1929-05-14 James B Kirby Washing machine
US1688001A (en) * 1927-06-15 1928-10-16 Altorfer Bros Co Agitator for washing machines
US1847484A (en) * 1927-09-06 1932-03-01 Landers Frary & Clark Washing machine
US2621140A (en) * 1940-08-28 1952-12-09 Comp Generale Electricite Method for molding propeller blades
US2764099A (en) * 1948-02-27 1956-09-25 Wernert Karl Housing of artificial material for singe stage centrifugal pumps
GB673647A (en) * 1948-12-22 1952-06-11 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements relating to suction cleaners and impellers therefor
GB702287A (en) * 1950-07-06 1954-01-13 Ernst Faber Improvements in or relating to vacuum cleaners
US2748045A (en) * 1953-11-17 1956-05-29 William L Kelly Method of making molded plastic washing machine agitator
US2782722A (en) * 1955-08-01 1957-02-26 Ford Motor Co Plastic impeller
US2869774A (en) * 1955-08-23 1959-01-20 Reliance Electric & Eng Co Removable hub
FR1145007A (en) * 1956-04-03 1957-10-21 Carrette Freres Washing machine
FR70250E (en) * 1956-06-11 1959-03-25 Jouma Washing machine
US3021049A (en) * 1957-01-31 1962-02-13 Gen Electric Tapered clamping ring for fan and improved hub design

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885888A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-05-27 John G Warhol Cooling fan for radiators and the like
JPS50145002U (en) * 1974-05-20 1975-12-01
US3952712A (en) * 1975-01-30 1976-04-27 Tecumseh Products Company Composite flywheel assembly
JPS5442007A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-04-03 Showa Fuuriyoku Kikai Kk Plate fan impeller
JPS5854276B2 (en) * 1977-09-07 1983-12-03 昭和風力機械株式会社 plate fan impeller
US4414171A (en) * 1982-01-28 1983-11-08 The Boeing Co. Method of making an injection molded propeller
US5554004A (en) * 1995-07-27 1996-09-10 Ametek, Inc. Fan impeller assembly
EP0857528A2 (en) * 1997-02-04 1998-08-12 CORAL S.p.A. Method of producing a sheet metal fan, and fan produced thereby
EP0857528A3 (en) * 1997-02-04 1999-06-23 CORAL S.p.A. Method of producing a sheet metal fan, and fan produced thereby
JP2018009500A (en) * 2016-07-13 2018-01-18 株式会社荏原製作所 Impeller for vortex type pump and vortex type pump

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