US3093939A - Surfacing apparatus - Google Patents

Surfacing apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3093939A
US3093939A US121786A US12178661A US3093939A US 3093939 A US3093939 A US 3093939A US 121786 A US121786 A US 121786A US 12178661 A US12178661 A US 12178661A US 3093939 A US3093939 A US 3093939A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tool
members
base plate
coupler
lens blank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US121786A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ernest T Dalton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
American Optical Corp
Original Assignee
American Optical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Optical Corp filed Critical American Optical Corp
Priority to US121786A priority Critical patent/US3093939A/en
Priority to GB14946/62A priority patent/GB933640A/en
Priority to FR901931A priority patent/FR1332200A/fr
Priority to CH792262A priority patent/CH428478A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3093939A publication Critical patent/US3093939A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B13/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor by means of tools with abrading surfaces corresponding in shape with the lenses to be made

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for surfacing articles such as lens blanks or the like and has particular reference to improvements in high-speed surfacing equipment which is designed more specifically for producing surfaces of compound curvature upon such articles.
  • Optical surfaces of compound curvature are usually formed on lens blanks or like articles by initially grinding a side of the blanks to a predetermined toric shape and thereafter optically polishing the ground surface by placing the same in engagement with a preformed tool or lap or the like having a surface curvature matching that which has been ground upon the lens blank.
  • the major meridians of the toric surface curvature on the lens blank are maintained parallel to the matching meridians of curvature on the tool at all times and a polishing medium is applied to the tool surface so as to come between it and the surface of the lens blank to be polished.
  • the time required to produce a polished surface of optical quality is dependent upon the amount of relative motion which can be produced between the lens blank and toolwithout destroying the accuracy of the compound surface curvature and the rate at which the motion is imparted. That is, with other factors such as the texture of the initially ground surface, the pressure applied to the work piece and the particular characteristics of the polishing medium being considered to be the same in all cases, greater amounts of relative motion and faster speeds thereof will reduce the polishing time accordingly.
  • lens blanks having relatively rough (ground surfaces are fine ground before polishing and this fining operation is usually accomplished in the manner described above for polishing simply by substituting a grinding medium for the above-rnentioned polishing medium.
  • conventional axis-aligning devices have comprised various off-set arms and yokelike holding members or the like for supporting either the tool or work piece and at least some of these members have been resiliently or otherwise movably held by flexible arms or pivotal connections or the like.
  • devices of this type When rotated at relatively slow speeds, devices of this type perform their intended function but, at high speeds of rotation, centrifugal forces and other effects such as vibration due to imbalance of the equipment cause mis-alignment of the Work holder and tool during surfacing with the result of producing inaccurately curved and poorly textured surfaces or otherwise inferior lens blanks.
  • the present invention in dealing with the factors involving high-speed surfacing methods and operations, offers a solution to the above-mentioned and other problems in this field and, accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to provide novel means for surfacing toric lens blanks or like articles with increased efiiciency and precision.
  • Another object is to provide, in surfacing equipment of the above character, an improved rotatable tool and Work supporting arrangement designed for substantially centrifugally balanced operation when rotated at relatively high speeds.
  • Another object is to provide, as a part of said tool and work supporting arrangement, novel resilient holding means for supporting a work piece in fixed oriented relation with an abrading tool at all times while permitting a substantial amount of freedom of lateral oscillatory movement between said workpiece and tool without sacrifice of product quality.
  • Another object is to provide a tool and work holding device of the above character for supporting a tool member and work member in abrading relation with each other and which is rotatable as a unit about a. fixed axis, said device embodying an inner rigid support for a first of said members positioned coaxially with said axis of rotation and an outer resilient support surrounding and attached to said rigid support at one end with its opposite and being free and adapted to receive and support the other of said members in relatively free floating fashion upon said first member.
  • Another object is to provide a work holding device of the above character wherein said outer resilient support is constructed and arranged so as to be in balance and substantially concentric with the axis of rotation of the device and is so characterized as to resist tortional or other forces tending to produce orbital mis-alignment of its opposite ends while being otherwise universally flexible.
  • Another object is to provide as said outer resilient support, a coiled spring-shaped member having convolutes so geometrically proportioned as to render said member substantially immune to centrifugal and tortional or other forces tending to produce orbital misalignment of the convolutes thereof under the greatest rotational rates and pressures to which said member might be subjected during an abrading operation.
  • Another object is to provide, as a substitute for said spring-like member, a cylindrical bellows-type of structure.
  • a further object is to provide through the use of arrangements such as generalized above, simple, highly efficient and economical toric surfacing apparatus which is designed to perform high-speed optical surfacing operations with precision, dependability, and unusual efiiciency.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a lens blank which is to be finished in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred lap or tool used in conjunction with the apparatus of the invention for finishing a surface curvature upon a lens blank or the like such as shown in (FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of a preferred form of surfacing apparatus with portions broken away to reveal featured sections thereof;
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken approximately along line 5-5 of FIG. 3 looking in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 6 is a'view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 taken from the position of line 66 on FIG. 3 and looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view taken approximately along line 7--7 of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a view generally similar to FIG. 7 showing an alternative arrangement of that portion of the apparatus.
  • FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12 are fragmentary views of different modifications of the invention.
  • The'present invention relates generally to apparatus for surfacing articles such as lens blanks or the like and the drawings illustrate a preferred form of such equipment in which is featured a novel lens blank and tool supporting fixture 20 (see FIGS. 3, 4, and 5) for holding a lens blank and tool in fixed pro-established orbitally aligned relation with each other at all times.
  • a novel lens blank and tool supporting fixture 20 see FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 for holding a lens blank and tool in fixed pro-established orbitally aligned relation with each other at all times.
  • the fixture 20 which is rotated as a unit during a surfacing operation, provides a well balanced piece of rotary equipment which permtis high-speed operations to be accomplished with a minimum of vibration or other effects of imbalance which would be detrimental to the accuracy of curvature and facing machines but, for purposes of illustration, it has been shown in FIGS.
  • the surfacing machine 22 comprises a base 24 preferably having a hollow interior and an overhanging head part 26 pivotally connected to the base 24 by means of H-shaped links 28 and 30 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) which are pivotally attached to pivot blocks 32 and 34 on the respective head and base parts of the machine.
  • the blocks 32 and 34 and their respective links 28 and 30 are interconnected by pivot pins '36 and the blocks 34 are bolted or otherwise fixed to the base 24.
  • the blocks 32 which will be considered to be a part of the head 26, are interconnected by horizontally disposed rods 38 and 40 which are fitted into bores 42 and 44 respectively in enlarged bosses 46 formed on the uppermost portion of each of the blocks 32.
  • the rods 38 and 40 are securely clamped adjacent their opposite ends in the bosses 46 of the blocks 32 by set screws or the like 48 and are so arranged (see FIG. 4) as to place the uppermost ends of the links 28 and 30 at a distance apart which is substantially equal to the distance between the lowermost ends of said links.
  • the composite arrangement of the links 28 and 30, the pivot blocks 32 and the rods 38 and 40 [forms a cradle upon which an overhanging portion 50 of. the head 26 is mounted so as to pivot about the rod 38.
  • the cradle being so pivotally mounted to the base 24, provides means for oscillating the head 26 laterally or in a sidewise direction during a surfacing operation as will be explained in detail hereinafter.
  • the overhanging portion 50 of the head 26 embodies a main supporting casting 52 which is provided with a pair of depending split bearings 54 fitted to the forward rod 38.
  • the bearings 54 are so machined and fitted to the rod 38 as to provide a secure, vibrationless connection while permitting relatively free pivotal movement of the overhanging portion 50 of the head 26 about said rod 38.
  • the overhanging portion 50 of the head 26, while being free to pivot about the rod 38 is fixed against lateral movement along the rod 38 by means of suitable stop means which, for purposes of illustration, is shown as being a collar 51 surrounding the rod 38 between the split bearings 54. Once the overhanging portion 50 of the head 26 is placed at a desired location along the rod 38, the collar 51 is locked to the rod 38 by set screws or the like 51a.
  • a spindle housing 56 in which is journaled a rotatable spindle 58 (see FIG. 5).
  • the spindle 58 will be referred to hereinafter as the upper spindle and it is driven by a motor 60 through pulleys 62 and 64 and an interconnecting belt 66.
  • the motor 60 is mounted upon the casting 52 adjacent the rear portion of the head 26 so as to partially counterbalance the portion of the head 26 which overhangs the forward section of the machine.
  • the spindle housing 56 is provided with an integral 'rearwardly extending mounting bracket 68 which is attached to the casting 52 with a bolt 70.
  • the adjoining surfaces of the mounting bracket 68 and the casting 52 are arcuately shaped and matched in curvature to fit together. These arcuate interfitting shapes of the casting 52 and bracket 68 permit the spindle housing 56 to be tilted slightly by sliding the spindle housing mounting 'bracket168 to one side or the other of a mid-position where the housing axis would normally be vertical.
  • a slot 72 in the mounting bracket 68 allows for a desired lateral adjustment of the spindle housing and'the bolt 70 is immovably mounted in the casting 52 so that, by loosing the nut 71, the spindle housing bracket 68 is free to slide laterally for purposes of adjusting the tilt of the spindle housing.
  • the nut 71 is tightened to retain the adjustment.
  • the respective surfaces 74 and 76 of the casting 52 and mounting bracket 68 are curved to a radius r (see FIG. 4) approximately equal to the distance between said surfaces and a point 77 therebelow approximately at the level of the average center of curvature of a lens blank surface to be worked upon in the fixture 20.
  • the particular curvature of the surfaces 74 and 76 are arranged to cause the spindle housing to be tilted approximately radially about the center of the average curvature of a lens blank surface to be worked upon. This is to cause the axis of the spindle 58 to be directed approximately normal to a tangent to the lens blank surface at the point of intersection of the upper spindle axis with said lens blank surface and thus pressure exerted upon the lens blank by the head 26 is directed substantially evenly during lateral oscillation of the lens blank as a surfacing operation is performed. This will be explained in greater which the member 88 is threaded (see FIG. 3).
  • an air cylinder 78 is secured by bolts or the like 80 to the rear side of the base 24 and its piston rod 82 is connected to the casting 52 of the head 26 by a flexible cable or cord or the like 84.
  • the air cylinder 78 When the air cylinder 78 is actuated, its piston rod 82 is drawn downwardly producing a pull on the cord 84 which causes the overhanging portion 50 of the head to pivot on the rod 38 and lift the spindle housing away from the fixture 20. With the machine in operating position, the piston rod 82 of the air cylinder 78 is raised as shown in FIG.
  • a spring 86 is connected under tension between the base 24 and the overhanging portion 50 of the head 26.
  • the spring 86 is held under tension by hooklike members 88 and 90 attached to its opposite ends and the member 90 is secured with a bracket 92 to the base 24 while the member 88 is adjustable vertically to increase or decrease the tension of the spring 86.
  • This adjustment is accomplished by means of an internally threaded adjusting bolt 94 iInlto e bolt 94 is, in itself, rotatable in a vertical sleeve-like fitting 96 which is integral with the casting 52. Rotation of the "bolt 94in the fitting 96 causes the threaded portion 93 of the hook-like member to advance into or retract from the internally threaded area of the bolt 94 (depending upon its direction of rotation) so as to bring about a raising or lowering of the hook-like member 88 to increase or decrease the tension of the spring 86 as required.
  • the machine 22 is provided with a lower spindle housing 100 which isbolted or otherwise attached to the upper portion of the base 24 (see FIGS. 3, 4 and 5) and extends upwardly through the top of the base 24 toward the upper spindle 58.
  • a lower spindle 102 In the lower spindle housing 100, there is journaled a lower spindle 102 ⁇ see FIG. 5) which is rotatably driven by a motor 104 through a belt and pulley arrangement embodying a pulley 106 on the motor 104, a pulley 108 connected to the lower spindle 102 and an interconnecting belt 110.
  • the upper and lower portions of the lower spindle 102 are journaled in the housing 190 by means of bearings such as shown at 112 in FIG. 5 and the uppermost end of the spindle 102 is threaded at 114.
  • a first adaptor 116 is threadedly connected to the upper end of the spindle 102 so as to be rotatable therewith and a second adaptor 118 for receiving and supporting a tool 129 is also carried by and rotatable with the lower spindle 102.
  • This second adaptor 118 which will be referred to hereinafter as the tool adaptor 118 is provided with a tapered upper section 122 for receiving the tool 120 and has an intermediate annular shoulder 124 with a reduced cylindrically shaped depending portion 126 which is fitted into a similarly shaped recess 123 formed in the upper end of the spindle 102.
  • the tool adaptor 118 is held in place on the spindle 102 by means of a bolt 130 which extends substantially coaxially therethrough and is threaded into the spindle 102 adjacent the base of the recess 128 therein.
  • the head of the bolt 130 is recessed into the tool adaptor 118 as shown in FIG.
  • a locating pin 132 which is fixed in the spindle 102 so as to extend upwardly into the recess 128 is arranged to enter a receiving opening 134 in the tool adaptor 118 to locate the adaptor in a fixed predetermined oriented relation with spindle 102.
  • the locating pin 132 also functions to prevent possible rotational misalignment or slippage between the spindle 102 and tool required in a surfacing operation.
  • a keying pin 136 (see FIG. 3) which is press-fitted or otherwise secured in an appropriately formed lateral opening 137 in the tapered section 122 thereof.
  • the tool 120 which has an axially aligned tapered opening 138 adapted to interfit with the tapered section 122 of the adaptor 118 is provided with a key slot 140 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) which fits over the pin when the tool 1120 is placed upon the adaptor 118.
  • the key slot and pin 136 prevent rotational slippage from taking place between the tool 124 ⁇ and adaptor 118 and the combination of the above-described parts causes the spindle 120, adaptors 116 and 118 and tool 120 to rotate together as an integral or common unit when the spindle 102 is rotated.
  • the fixture 211 which will be considered herein to include the adaptors 116 and 1 18 and the tool 120 further comprises an annular base plate 142 which is fitted onto a shoulder 144 formed on the first adaptor 116 as shown best in FIG. 5.
  • the base plate 142 is secured to the first adaptor 116 by connecting bolts or studs 146 and is shaped to have an outer annular platform-like portion 147 depending from the points of its connection to the adaptor 115.
  • This platform portion 147 is concentric with the axis of the spindle 102 and carries an upstanding resil ient coupler 148 which supports and resiliently connects an upper work holding assembly 150 to the base plate 142 of the fixture 20.
  • the coupler 148 in its preferred form as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, is constructed of a resilient metal such as cold rolled steel, stainless steel or other alloys common to the manufacture of articles such as coiled springs and, being in the general configuration of a coil spring, the coupler 148 is constructed in accordance with known techniques used in the manufacture of such items so as to have a desired degree of rigidity in tending to naturally support the work-holding assembly 150 at a desired level relative to the total 120 while also being relatively freely and substantially evenly or equally flexible in all meridians to permit its uppermost end to move laterally and tilt as
  • the coupler 148 is further characterized to be relatively easily compressible for purposes of permitting the work piece to remain in engagement with the tool at all times during a. surfacing operation as will be explained more in detail hereinafter.
  • the coupler 14$ is, in addition to the above, characterized to be substantially immune to tortional forces tending to wind or unwind its convolutes 152 as a result of pressures applied between the work piece and tool 120 or forces caused by rotation of the fixture at relatively high speeds during operation of the machine 22.
  • coupler 148 characteristics of the coupler 148 are achieved by proper design of the shape and size of the convolutes 152 in accordance with the material used in its construction.
  • a coupler 148 such as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 which is formed of cold rolled steel or stainless steel to an outer diameter of approximately 6 inches should have convolutes 15 2 measuring approximately from /s to inches in thickness and approximately /8 inches in width, giving the coupling 148 an inner diameter of approximately 4% inches. If formed of other metals, these dimensions would be adjusted in accordance with the particular characteristics of the metals selected.
  • the coupler 148 is also preferably constructed so as to have a right-hand wind with a pitch of about of an inch.
  • the work-supporting assembly 150 comprises an annulus 162 which is attached to the uppermost convolute !158 by the studs 160.
  • the annulus 162 is provided with a recess 164 into which a rotatable adjustable collar 166 is coaxially fitted (see FIGS. 4, 5, and 6).
  • the collar 166 is held in place on the annulus 162 by a pair of locking studs 168 extended downwardly through slots 170 provided in the collar 166.
  • the studs 168 are threaded into the recessed portion of the annulus.
  • the slots 170 are arcuately shaped to a curvature concentric with the common axis of the annulus 162 and collar 166 so that, with the studs 168 loosened, the collar 166 may be rotated upon the annulus 1 62 within the limits of the slots 170 to adjust the orientation of the collar relative to the tool 120.
  • the collar 166 is fitted to the annulus 162 in a predetermined oriented relation with respect to the tool 120 and the annulus is then drilled and tapped approximately mid-way between the ends of the slots 170 so that, for a fine or more precise alignment inorientation of the work piece holder 150 relative to the tool, the above-mentioned adjustment using the studs 168 and slots 170 may be used in the final adjustment of the fixture 20. This will be explained in more detail in the description of the setting up and operation of the machine 22 which follows.
  • the collar 166 is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed raised sections 172 through each of which is provided an accurately machined bearing opening 174. These bearing openings 174 are coaxial along a diameter of the collar 166.
  • a work-supporting yoke 176 is extended between the openings 174 and is supported at its opposite ends by bearing studs 178 which are threaded thereinto (see FIG.
  • the enlarged heads 180 of the studs are carefully machined to fit closely in the openings 174 which function as bearing surfaces for said heads 180 and the yoke 176 is free to pivot about the common axis of the openings 174.
  • the collar 166 and bearing studs 178 of different metals. That is, for example, one of bronze and the other of steel. It is further pointed out that while it is preferable to form practically all parts of the machine 22 of metal, the selection of materials used is made in the conventional manner of machine designing to obtain optimum performance with minimum wear.
  • the yoke 176 has an enlarged mid-portion 182 in which is centrally located a recessed ball socket 184 adapted to receive the ball-shaped end portion of a crank pin 186 carried by the upper spindle 58.
  • a crank pin 186 is located eccentrically in the depending end of the upper spindle 58 so that rotation of the spindle 58 will cause the crank pin 186 to orbit and,
  • a work piece such as the lens blank L is supported with its surface s which is to be abraded against the surface t of the tool 120.
  • the lens blank L which ordinarily would be attached to a block 188 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 is supported in abrading relation with the tool 120 by means of aligning and holding pins 190 in the yoke 176 which interfit with sockets 192 in the block 188.
  • the lens blank L may be blocked either in the more conventional manner by attaching :the same with pitch or some such adhesive to a ready formed block which resemblesthe block 188 and has sockets like those shown in FIG. 7 or by casting the block 188 directly upon the lens blank L as shown in the drawings.
  • this invention relates more particularly to the finishing of a lens blank surface by polishing and wherein the lens blank surface has been preformed by previous conventional grinding or generating operations to a true toric surface shape.
  • a lens blank (as shown in FIG. 1) embodies the compound surface curvature s having a base meridian and a cylinder meridian which, for purposes of illustration, have been indicated diagrammatically by the respective lines b and c.
  • the base and cylinder meridians are referred to as such in the trade wherein it is generally understood that the axis of the weaker curvature of a toric surface, which is sometimes called the spherical curvature, is the base meridian and the axis of the more severe or stronger curvature is referred to as the cylinder meridian.
  • These axes or meridians b and c are, of course, disposed at right angles to each other and intersect at the center 0 of the lens blank.
  • toric lens blanks It is po'mted out that the usual procedure in making toric lens blanks is to provide the lens blank with a block 188 prior to the initial generating or grinding of the toric surface s thereon and the toric surface s is formed with its base and cylinder meridians in the above-mentioned known relation to the sockets 192 in the block 188. Without being reblocked, the lens blank is then ready for surfacing in accordance with this invention.
  • this invention does not relate to the initial generating of the tonic surface s but does relate to the finishing of said surface by a surfacing operation which may be either a line grinding or a polishing operation or both where the latter operation follows the former.
  • the process of the invention begins with the blocked lens blank L having a ground true toric surface s thereon.
  • the tool (FIG. 2) which is used in the performance of the surfacing operation is provided, as pointed out above, with a true toric working surface 2 which is of the final curvature desired on the lens blank and which, for all practical purposes, accurately matches the initially ground compound or toric surface curvature s of the lens blank.
  • the working surface t of the tool 120 has a base meridian of a curvature matching that of the base curvature of the lens blank L and a cylinder meridian of a curvature matching that of the cylinder curvature of the lens blank L.
  • the base and cylinder meridians of the working surface t of the tool 120 are shown, for purposes of illustration, by the respective lines b and c and it will be noted in FIG. 2 that the location of the cylinder meridian c' of the tool surface t is indicated by a notch 196 at the tool edge.
  • the key slot 140 in the tool 120 is located in parallel alignment with the cylinder meridian of the surface t so that when the tool 120 is applied to the tool adaptor 118, its key slot 140, in fitting over the pin 136, will locate the cylinder axis of the tool surface t in a fixed direction parallel to a line through the pins 190 in the yoke 176. This, therefore, aligns the meridians c and c of the lens blank surface s and the tool surface 1 parallel to each other and the lens blank L and tool 120 are retained in this orbitally aligned relation throughout the surfacing operation.
  • the studs 168 are loosened in the collar 166 and the collar 166 is rotatably adjusted as described above to align the axis of the arms of the yoke perpendicular or normal to the meridian c of the tool 120.
  • the studs 168 are then tightened to permanently lock the collar 166 in place.
  • placement of the blocked lens blank in the fixture 20 is accomplished simply by lifting the yoke 176 away from the tool 120 an amount sufficient to permit the blocked lens blank to be positioned between the yoke and tool.
  • the sockets 192 in the block 188 are aligned with the pins 190 in the yoke and the yoke is lowered to position the pins 190 in their respective sockets 192 in the block thereby holding the lens blank against the tool.
  • Removal of a finished lens blank is accomplished by again lifting the yoke 176 to release the pins 190 from the sockets 192 whereupon the blocked lens blank is taken out of the fixture from between the yoke and tool.
  • the entire fixture 20 is rotated during a surfacing operation while the yoke 176 holds the blocked lens fixed against rotation in the fixture 20 and the interfitting relationships of the pin 136 and key slot 140 hold the tool fixed against rotation in the fixture.
  • a relatively thin polishing pad 198 is attached to the surface t of the tool 120 so as to cover the said surface andybe disposed between it and the surface s of the lens blank L to be worked upon.
  • the pad 198 is selected to be of such character as to conform accurately to the shape of the tool surface t and is preferably secured thereon with a pressure-sensitive adhesive or any cement or the like ordinarily used for this purpose.
  • the polishing pad is preferably formed of a material known to the trade as Pellon or any similarly characterized material. A commonly known felt polishing pad may be used or others formed of plastics.
  • the fixture 20 In producing action or relative movement between the lens blank and tool for purposes of polishing, the fixture 20, as a whole, is rotated by the lower spindle 102 while the upper spindle 58 is rotated to orbit the crank pin 186 and produce a first relative lateral movement between the lens blank L and tool 120.
  • the crank pin being orbited about a circular path while the fixture is rotated causes the lens blank to move generally spirally over the surface of the tool 120.
  • the coupler 148 permits the upper end of the fixture 20 to freely follow the movement of the crank pin 186 in producing lateral motion between the lens blank L and tool 120.
  • An additional break-up motion is imparted to the lens blank L by oscillating the entire head 26 of the machine 22 sidewise through the use of the abovedescribed linkage which connects the head 26 to the base 24-.
  • the link 30 is provided with a lateral extension 200 to which a depending crank arm 202 is pivotally connected at 204.
  • the lower end of the crank arm 202 is similarly piv-otally connected at 206 to a rotatable camming plate 208 which is driven by a motor 210.
  • An adjusting slot 212 in the camming plate 208 permits the connection 206 to be made at a predetermined spaced location from the axis of rotation of the plate 208 so that the extent of sidewise motion, or oscillation of the machine head 26 can be adjusted as desired. That is, the throw resulting from the eccentricity of the connection 206 relative to the axis of the plate 298 operates the crank arm 202 to raise and lower the same with each revolution of the plate 208. This pivots the link 30 in its pivot blocks 32 and 34 thereby carrying the head 26 in an oscillating sidewise or cross-motion as the motor 210 is operated. A cross-motion of approximately 5 millimeters has been found to produce desirable results.
  • the free flexing ability of the coupler 148 permits the upper work-supporting portion of the fixture 20 to follow all motions imparted thereto by movement of the head 26 and rotation of the upper spindle 58 while, at the same time, the coupler 148 being immune to tortional or other forces tending to wind or unwind the same, holds the respective base and cylinder meridians of the lens blank L and tool parallel to each other at all times.
  • a fluid polishing medium is applied to the pad 198 preferably continuously during the polishing operation so as to come between the lens blank surface and the pad.
  • Any of the well-known and commercially available polishing mediums may be used. The selection of a polishing medium would be made in accordance with the material of the work piece which may be a glass lens blank or, in some cases, a plastic lens blank. Suitable commercially available polishing mediums for both plastics and glass are well known in the trade.
  • the polishing medium is applied to the tool and lens blank by means of a feed line or tube 216 (see FIG. 4) carried by the head 26 of the machine with its fluidemitting end 218 directed into the fixture 20 toward the working surface of the tool 120.
  • the tube 216 is attached to the upper spindle housing 56 or may be attached to any convenient part of the head 26.
  • the tube 216 is preferably formed of conventional flexible tubing or hose material and it is directed from the'head 26 to a suitable pump 220 placed in a container 222 which holds a supply of the polishing medium.
  • the container and pump may be placed within the machine base 24 as shown in FIG. 4 or at any location convenient to the machine.
  • a splash covering 224 is provided around the fixture 20 and is designed to collect used polishing medium and direct the same back to the container 222 for re-circula-- tion.
  • a collecting and return tube 226 extends from the covering 224 for this purpose.
  • FIG. 12 A modification of this portion of the invention is shown in FIG. 12 wherein the fixture 20 and its adjacent associated parts are contained within a bowl 228 which carries the fixture 20 and is mounted upon the lower spindle 102 of the machine 22 so as to be rotated thereby.
  • the liquid polishing medium is placed in the bowl and, by centrifugal forces caused by rotation of the bowl, the medium is urged against its sides.
  • a stationary collector or scraper 230 is mounted adjacent the inner side of the bowl 228 by means of a bracket 232 fixed to the base 24 of the machine and the scraper acts to scoop up or collect the polishing medium at the sides of the bowl causing the same to be effectively thrown outwardly through an outlet tube 234 back onto the fixture 20 and upon the work piece and tool.
  • the fixture 20 provides an exceptionally well balanced piece of equipment which may be rotated at high speeds while the respective base and cylinder meridians of the adjoining surfaces of the lens blank and tool are accurately maintained parallel to each other at all times during the operation of the machine.
  • the resilient coupler 148 which acts to maintain this aligned relationship of the tool and work piece allows the work piece to move freely relative to the tool in lateral directions for inducing an abrading or polishing action on the Work plece.
  • the polishing pad 198 would not be used. That is, the lens blank L would be placed in direct engagement with the tool surface t and a liquid abrasive medium such as one containing emery particles suspended in water or a suitable vehicle would be used to replace the polishing medium. Otherwise, the operation would be performed identically to that described above for polishing.
  • Certain relatively thin coverings of screening material or the like which are conformable accurately to the tool surface 1 may be used to protect the. tool surface if desired during a surfacing operation Where an emery abrasive material is used. Such coverings would simply replace the polishing pad 198 and thus protect the surface t of the tool from wear.
  • FIGS. 1-7 the concave or negative side of the lens blank has been shown as being polished or worked upon and the lens block has been shown as being supported by the yoke 176.
  • This arrangement may be reversed as shown in FIG. '8 so that the convex or plus side of a lens blank L can be readily abraded or polished with the apparatus disclosed herein.
  • the work-holding member 236 which resembles the tool 120 in practically all respects is used to support the work piece or lens blank L,
  • the member 236 is placed in the fixture 20 in a manner identical to that described above for the tool 120.
  • the lens blank L is blocked upon the work-holding member 236 with a suitable adhesive 238 such as pitch or the like or a low-melting temperature metallic alloy.
  • the tool 240 in this case, resembles the block 188 in practically all respects and is supported by the yoke 176 in a manner exactly as described with relation to the block 188.
  • the surface of the tool 240 which engages the lens blank L' is provided with a'toric shape matching that of the plus side of the lens blank and may or may not be provided with a polishing pad 242.
  • the polishing pad 242 would be used for a polishing operation and not used for a fine-grinding surfacing operation with loose abrasives such as emery or the like.
  • a wire mesh may replace the polishing pad, if desired.
  • the operation of the apparatus in surfacing the plus or convex sides of lens blanks as shown in FIG. 8 is identical to that used for surfacing the concave sides of lens blanks and, in essence, only involves a reversal of the tool and work-holding means. It is pointed out that the surfacing of a plus or convex side of a lens blank could be achieved without the reversal of .tool and work holder by providing a tool having a concave toric working surface in place of the convex surface I of tool 120.
  • the novel method of abrading a compound surface on an article which comprises supporting said article and an abrading member in abrading relation with each other, moving said member and said article relative to each other in irregular paths while retaining the major meridians of said member and article in parallel relation with each other and of balancing the effect of centrifugal force on said member and article to obviate vibration and rnis-alignment of said member and article during said abrading operation results from forming the means for retaining the article and abrading member in meridianal alignment with each other of substantially the same geometrical dimension and weight circumferentially about the axis of rotation of said means so that, when rotated, a more uniform balance of said means is maintained.
  • FIGS. 9, l0 and 11 illustrate further modifications of the invention wherein, in FIG. 9', a bellows 244 is used in the fixture 20' to replace the spring-shaped coupler 148.
  • the fixture 20 is otherwise identical to the abovedescribed fixture 20 and, functionally, the arrangement of FIG. 9 is identical to that of the fixture 20.
  • the bellows 244 may be formed of pressed sheet metal or the like to the configuration shown in FIG. 9 or, for ease and simplicity of construction, it might be fabricated in the manner illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • the structure of FIG. 10 comprises a plurality of flat rings 246 formed as punchings or the like from sheet steel or other suitable metals and spaced from each other by interleaved wire rings 248 which space the flat rings 246 individually from each other.
  • the wire rings 248 are formed in two sizes, one group thereof being of a diameter only slightly less than the outside diameter of the flat rings 246 and the other group being of a diameter slightly greater than the inside diameter of the flat rings.
  • the respective diameters of these wire rings being such as to permit them to lie between the adjacent or facing sides of the flat rings 246 when the rings 246 are stacked coaxially.
  • This bellowstype of structure is fabricated by coaxially stacking first a large diameter wire ring 248, a flat ring 246, a small diameter wire ring 248 and so on. The wire and flat rings are welded or otherwise secured together to complete the formation of the bellows.
  • FIG. 11 An alternate form of bellows-type structure is shown in FIG. 11 wherein the structure is shown as being extended or expanded for purposes of illustration.
  • This construction embodies only a plurality of identically shaped initially flat ring members 250 similar to the members 24-6 in FIG. 10.
  • the flat ring members 250 are preferably formed of sheet steel or the like which may be spring-tempered and are stacked coaxially. Connections therebetween are made with rivets or the like 252 in the manner illustrated. That is, a first ring 250 is secured to a second ring 250 by rivets placed at two diametrically opposed locations thereon and the next ring 250 is secured to the second ring in similar fashion but with the which is disposed at right angles to the diameter along 13 which the first-mentioned connections were made. The connections of each successive ring 250' to its previously connected one are continued to be made alternately along one diameter and then another disposed normal to the previous one.
  • a device for use in forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable base plate, supporting means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members fixedly for rotation therewith, a resilient coupler encircling said supporting means and first member, said coupler having one of its ends fixed to said base plate for rotation in unison therewith and holding means on the opposite end of said coupler for receiving and supporting the second of said members in adjacent relation with the first of said members and with given meridians of the respective surfaces of said members retained substantially parallel to each other at all times during rotation of said base plate and coupler carried thereby.
  • a device for use in forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising a tool member having a Working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable base plate, supporting means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members fixedly for rotation substantially coaxially therewith, a resilient coupler embodying a plurality of superimposed spaced convolutes encircling said supporting means and first member when placed thereon, said coupler having one of its ends fixed to said base plate for rotation in unison therewith and holding means on the opposite end of said coupler for receiving and supporting the second of said members in adjacent relation with the first of said members and with given meridians of the respective sur faces of said members retained substantially parallel to each other at all times during rotation of said base plate and coupler carried thereby.
  • a device for use in forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said Work member, a rotatable base plate, supporting means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members fixedly for rotation substantially coaxially therewith, a coupler having the configuration of an open-ended bellows surrounding said supporting means and first member when placed thereon, said coupler having one of its ends fixed to said base plate for rotation in unison therewith and holding means on the opposite end of said coupler for receiving and supporting the second of said members in adjacent relation with the first of said members and with given meridians of the respective surfaces of said members retained substantially parallel to each other at all times during rotation of said base plate and coupler.
  • a device for use in forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable support, means on said support adapted to receive and hold a first of said members fixedly and substantially coaxially with the axis of rotation of said support, a cylindrically shaped resilient coupler surrounding said first member normally in substantially coaxially spaced relation therewith when said first member is placed on said means on said support, one end of said coupler being connected to said support for rotation in unison therewith and its opposite end being free to move laterally relative to said support, holding means on said opposite end of said coupler for holding said second member with said surface thereof in adjacent facing relation to said surface of said first member and said holding means further embodying means for retaining given meridians of the respective surfaces of said members substantially parallel to each other at all times during rotation of said support and coupler.
  • a device for use in forming a compound] curvature on a surface of a work member comprising the combination of a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable base plate, means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members, a resilient coupler rotatable with and carried by said base plate for supporting the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent relation to the surface of said first member, said coupler embodying a plurality of super-imposed substantially circular convolutes surrounding said first member in spaced relation therewith, said convolutes being constructed and arranged to move relatively freely to different spaced relationships with one another circumferentially thereabout substantially without orbital movement and means on said base plate and coupling means for holding said members with given meridians of their respective surfaces in fixed substantially parallel relation to each other at all times during movement of said convolutes to different spaced relationships.
  • Apparatus for forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising the combination of a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable base plate, supporting means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members, a resilient coupler rotatable with and carried by said base plate for supporting the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent relation to the surface of said first member, said coupler embodying a plurality of superimposed convolutes surrounding said first member in spaced relation therewith, said convolutes being constructed and arranged to move relatively freely to different spaced relationships with one an other circumferentially thereabout substantially without orbital movement, means on said base plate and coupling means for holding said members with given meridians of their respective surfaces in fixed substtantially parallel relation to each other at all times during movement of said convolutes to different spaced relationships, means for rotating said base plate and means functioning simultaneously to move said second member laterally by controlled amounts relative to said first
  • a device for use in forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising the combination of a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable base plate, means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members substantially coaxially with the axis of rotation of said base plate, a generally cylindrically shaped resilient coupler embodying a plurality of superimposed annular sections integrally related with each other and resiliently adjustable to different spaced relationships about their circumferences while being substantially immune to relative orbital misalignment, said coupler having one end fixed to said base plate in substantially coaxial relation with the axis of rotation of said base plate and having its opposite end free to move generally laterally relative to said base plate, holding means extending across said opposite 1 5 end of said coupler for receiving and supporting the second of said members with said surface thereof adjacent to and facing said surface of said first member and said holding means having provision thereon for retaining given meridians of said surfaces of said first and second
  • a device for use in forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising the combination of a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said Work member, a rotatable base plate, means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members substantially coaxially with the axis of rotation of said base plate, an upstanding spring-shaped coupler embodying a plurality of superimposed convolutes surrounding said supporting means for said first member in spaced substantially coaxial relation therewith, the lowermost of said convolutes being fixed to said base plate to render said coupler rotatable in unison therewith, a yoke-like member fixed to the uppermost of said convolutes and arranged to extend substantially diametrically thereacross, means on said yoke-like member for holding the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent facing relation to said surface of said first member when said first member is supported on said means adapted to receive the same and further means on said yoke-like
  • Apparatus for forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising the combination of a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable base plate, supporting means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members, an upstanding spring-shaped resilient coupler embodying a plurality of superimposed spaced convolutes encircling said supporting means and first member when said first member is placed on said supporting means, the lowermost of said convolutes being fixed to said base plate to render said coupler rotatable in unison therewith, a yoke arranged upon the uppermost of said convolutes so as to extend substantially diametrically thereacross, means on said yoke for holding the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent facing relation to said surface of said first member, further means on said yoke for retaining given meridians of said respective surfaces of said members substantially parallel to each other at all times, means for rotating said base plate and means
  • Apparatus for forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising the combination of a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable base plate, supporting means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members, an upstanding bellows structure encircling said supporting means and first member when said first member is placed on said supporting means, the lowermost end of said bellows structure being secured to said base plate to render said bellows structure rotatable is unison therewith, a yoke arranged upon the uppermost end of said bellows structure so as to extend substantially diametrically thereacross, means on said yoke for holding the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent facing relation to said surface of said first member, further means on said yoke for retaining given meridians of said respective surfaces of said members substantially parallel to each other, means for rotating said base plate and means functioning simultaneously to move said second member laterally by controlled amounts relative
  • a device for use in forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising the combination of a tool member having a working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said work member, a rotatable base plate, means on said base plate adapted to receive and support a first of said members substantially coaxially with the axis of rotation of said base plate, an upstanding bellows surrounding said supporting means for said first member in spaced substantially coaxial relation therewith, the lower- 'most end of said bellows being fixed to said base plate to render said coupler rotatable in unison therewith, a yoke-like member fixed to the uppermost end of said bellows and arranged to extend substantially diametrically thereacross, means on said yoke-like member for holding the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent facing relation to said surface of said first member when said first member is supported on said means adapted to receive the same and further means on said yoke-like member for retaining given meridians of
  • Surfacing apparatus for forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member with a tool member having a working surface thereon of substantially the shape desired to be formed on said work member comprising the combination of a base, a fixture rotatably supported on said base carrying said work and tool members, said fixture embodying a support, means for holding a first of said members rigidly upon said support so as to rotate in unison therewith, a resilient coupler encircling said first member and having one end attached to said support, holding means on the opposite end of said coupler for holding the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent relation with said surface of said first member and with given meridians of the respective surfaces retained substantially parallel to each other, means for rotating said fixture and actuating means arranged to engage said holding means on said resilient coupler for moving said second member laterally relative to said first member simultaneously during rotation of said fixture.
  • Surfacing apparatus for forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member with a tool member having a working surface thereon of substantially the shape desired to be formed on said work member comprising the combination of a base, a fixture rotatably supported on said base carrying said work and tool members, said fixture embodying a base plate, means for supporting a first of said members rigidly upon said 7 base plate so as to rotate in unison therewith, a resilient coupler encircling said first member and having one end attached to said base plate, holding means on the opposite end of said coupler for holding the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent relation with said surface of said first member and with given meridians of the respective surfaces, of said members retained substantially parallel to each other, means for rotating said fixture, means operable eccentrically to the axis of rotation of said fixture adapted to engage said holding means on said coupler and operable to move said holding means and second member laterally relative to said first member simultaneously during rotation of said fixture, means for actuating said eccentric means, means for applying pressure upon one
  • Surfacing apparatus for forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member with a tool member having a working surface thereon of substantially the shape desired to be formed on said work member comprising the combination of a base, a fixture rotatably supported on said base carrying said work and tool members, said fixture embodying a base plate, means for supporting a first of said members rigidly upon said base plate so as to rotate in unison therewith, a resilient upstanding coupler embodying a plurality of superimposed integrally related spaced convolutes encircling said first member and having one end thereof attached to said base plate, said convolutes being relatively freely movable to different spaced relationships with each other circumferentially thereabout, holding means on the opposite end of said coupler for holding the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent relation with said surface of said first member and with given meridians of the respective surfaces retained substantially parallel to each other, means for rotating said fixture and actuating means arranged to engage said holding means on said resilient coupler for moving said second member laterally relative to said
  • Surfacing apparatus for forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member with a tool member having a working surface thereon of substantially the shape desired to be formed on said work member comprising the combination of a base, a fixture rotatably supported on said base carrying said work and tool members, said fixture embodying a base plate, means for supporting a first of said members rigidly upon said base plate so as to rotate in unison therewith, a resilient bellows encircling said first member and having one end attached to said base plate, holding means on the opposite end of said bellows for holding the second of said members with said surface thereof in adjacent relation with said surface of said first member and with given meridians of the respective surfaces retained substantially 18 parallel to each other, means for rotating said fixture and actuating means arranged to engage said holding means on said resilient bellows for moving said second member laterally relative to said first member simultaneously during rotation of said fixture.
  • a device for use in forming a compound curvature on a surface of a work member comprising the combination of a tool member having a Working surface thereon of the shape desired to be formed on said surface of said WOIk member, a rotatable base, means on said base adapted to receive and support a first of said members substantially coaxially with the axis of rotation of said base, resilient coupler embodying a plurality of superimposed annular sections so joined With each other as to be resiliently adjustable to different spaced relationships about their circumferences while being substantially immune to relative orbital misalignment, said coupler having one end fixed to said base in substantially coaxial relation with the axis of rotation of said base and having its opposite end free to move generally laterally relative to said base, holding means extending across said opposite end of said coupler for receiving and supporting the second of said members with said surface thereof adjacent to and facing said surface of said first member and said holding means having provision thereon for retaining given meridians of said surfaces of said first and second members substantially parallel to each other at all times.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
US121786A 1961-07-03 1961-07-03 Surfacing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3093939A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US121786A US3093939A (en) 1961-07-03 1961-07-03 Surfacing apparatus
GB14946/62A GB933640A (en) 1961-07-03 1962-04-17 Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for surfacing articles
FR901931A FR1332200A (de) 1961-07-03 1962-06-26
CH792262A CH428478A (de) 1961-07-03 1962-07-02 Maschine zum Schleifen und Polieren einer konkav- oder konvextorisch gekrümmten Fläche

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US121786A US3093939A (en) 1961-07-03 1961-07-03 Surfacing apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3093939A true US3093939A (en) 1963-06-18

Family

ID=22398776

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US121786A Expired - Lifetime US3093939A (en) 1961-07-03 1961-07-03 Surfacing apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3093939A (de)
CH (1) CH428478A (de)
FR (1) FR1332200A (de)
GB (1) GB933640A (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824742A (en) * 1972-07-07 1974-07-23 Itek Corp Toric surface generating method and apparatus
US3900972A (en) * 1974-09-11 1975-08-26 Itek Corp Apparatus for polishing toroidal surfaces
US3916574A (en) * 1974-11-29 1975-11-04 American Optical Corp Lens surfacing apparatus
US4232485A (en) * 1977-08-13 1980-11-11 Dollond & Aitschison (Services) Limited Apparatus for polishing curved surfaces
US6257957B1 (en) 1999-12-01 2001-07-10 Gerber Coburn Optical Inc. Tactile feedback system
US20040102140A1 (en) * 2002-11-21 2004-05-27 Wood Jeffrey H. Contour following end effectors for lapping/polishing
US20040102136A1 (en) * 2002-11-21 2004-05-27 Wood Jeffrey H. Spring-loaded contour following end effectors for lapping/polishing
US20050181707A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-18 Wood Jeffrey H. Pneumatically actuated flexible coupling end effectors for lapping/polishing
CN108555729A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-09-21 复旦大学 光学镜片小磨头光学加工中的边缘误差控制方法
CN109262408A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-01-25 江苏贝尔光电有限公司 一种可调节的透镜打磨夹持装置
USD865030S1 (en) 2010-04-09 2019-10-29 Sony Corporation Camera
CN112536686A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-23 世科工业设计沧州有限公司 水利发电机叶片表面光滑清理设备

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1135936A (en) * 1914-06-06 1915-04-13 Ronald M Sherman Lens-grinding machine.
US1217090A (en) * 1915-10-09 1917-02-20 Nat Trust Company Ltd Lens-grinding machine.
US1287479A (en) * 1916-08-07 1918-12-10 Bausch & Lomb Astigmatic-lens-grinding mechanism.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1135936A (en) * 1914-06-06 1915-04-13 Ronald M Sherman Lens-grinding machine.
US1217090A (en) * 1915-10-09 1917-02-20 Nat Trust Company Ltd Lens-grinding machine.
US1287479A (en) * 1916-08-07 1918-12-10 Bausch & Lomb Astigmatic-lens-grinding mechanism.

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824742A (en) * 1972-07-07 1974-07-23 Itek Corp Toric surface generating method and apparatus
US3900972A (en) * 1974-09-11 1975-08-26 Itek Corp Apparatus for polishing toroidal surfaces
US3916574A (en) * 1974-11-29 1975-11-04 American Optical Corp Lens surfacing apparatus
US4232485A (en) * 1977-08-13 1980-11-11 Dollond & Aitschison (Services) Limited Apparatus for polishing curved surfaces
US6257957B1 (en) 1999-12-01 2001-07-10 Gerber Coburn Optical Inc. Tactile feedback system
US20040102140A1 (en) * 2002-11-21 2004-05-27 Wood Jeffrey H. Contour following end effectors for lapping/polishing
US20040102136A1 (en) * 2002-11-21 2004-05-27 Wood Jeffrey H. Spring-loaded contour following end effectors for lapping/polishing
US7118452B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2006-10-10 The Boeing Company Pneumatically actuated flexible coupling end effectors for lapping/polishing
US20050181707A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2005-08-18 Wood Jeffrey H. Pneumatically actuated flexible coupling end effectors for lapping/polishing
US20070042677A1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2007-02-22 The Boeing Company Methods for Lapping Using Pneumatically Actuated Flexible Coupling End Effectors
US7252577B2 (en) 2004-02-12 2007-08-07 The Boeing Company Methods for lapping using pneumatically actuated flexible coupling end effectors
USD865030S1 (en) 2010-04-09 2019-10-29 Sony Corporation Camera
CN108555729A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-09-21 复旦大学 光学镜片小磨头光学加工中的边缘误差控制方法
CN109262408A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-01-25 江苏贝尔光电有限公司 一种可调节的透镜打磨夹持装置
CN109262408B (zh) * 2018-11-02 2024-04-02 江苏贝尔光电有限公司 一种可调节的透镜打磨夹持装置
CN112536686A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-23 世科工业设计沧州有限公司 水利发电机叶片表面光滑清理设备
CN112536686B (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-11-05 湖南中加国际水电有限公司 水利发电机叶片表面光滑清理设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH428478A (de) 1967-01-15
GB933640A (en) 1963-08-08
FR1332200A (de) 1963-12-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3093939A (en) Surfacing apparatus
US2070944A (en) Method and apparatus for finishing surfaces
US2600815A (en) Apparatus for rough and fine grinding of spherical surfaces
US3117396A (en) Lens grinding apparatus and method
US4928435A (en) Apparatus for working curved surfaces on a workpiece
US3492764A (en) Lens generating method
US3552899A (en) Lens surfacing machine
CA1139103A (en) Toric surface generator
US3900972A (en) Apparatus for polishing toroidal surfaces
US4320599A (en) Polisher-finer apparatus
CN1174110A (zh) 球面零件轨迹成型加工方法及装置
CN111644949B (zh) 一种柴油机曲轴的抛光装置
US3902277A (en) Method and apparatus for generating toric surfaces by the use of a peripheral surfacing tool
US3345783A (en) Centerless honing apparatus
US2419543A (en) Means and methods of abrading
GB1179818A (en) Method and apparatus for grinding and polishing aspheric surfaces of revolution
US3021647A (en) Honing machine
GB2058619A (en) Lens surface generating apparatus
US3685214A (en) Two piece lens grinding lap
US2088084A (en) Abrading wheel forming device
US4271636A (en) Lens generating apparatus
US3739534A (en) Method of producing toric lens elements with aspheric surfaces
US3449198A (en) Lens blank
US1084529A (en) Apparatus for the manufacture of bifocal lenses.
US2179088A (en) Lens abrading machine