US309011A - John a - Google Patents
John a Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US309011A US309011A US309011DA US309011A US 309011 A US309011 A US 309011A US 309011D A US309011D A US 309011DA US 309011 A US309011 A US 309011A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tin
- metals
- zinc
- copper
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003292 diminished Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000220010 Rhode Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010021724 tonin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the poles are spaced at longdistances.
- My invention relates to certain, improvements in composition of metals, also in the process of combining said metals for the purpose of producing homogeneous alloys, which are non-corrosive, suitable for casting or rolling, having great tensile strength and toughness, combined with durability and ductility, which can be bent into any shape either hot or cold, forged into bolts, &o.
- the essential elements of my alloy are copper, zinc, and tin, preferably combinedin the exact proportions hereinafter stated, and, if desired, purified or deoxidized by means of additions to the molten metal of phosphorus, phosphates, or similar substances, including well-known fluxes,for the purpose of improving the homogeneousnature of the finished product,
- the tin may be reduced two parts or any fraction of the amount IOO named used; also, the proportion of copper ameter of one and three-quarter inch.
- Speciand zinc may be changed, provided the metals are purified in the manner above described.
- the copper can be diminished or increased two to eight parts, and the zinc changed in the same manner, while the tin remains substantially the same, or the tin can be increased or diminished, but in all cases (within certain limits.
- specimens which form a part of this application which were produced under my supervision.
- These specimens which are malleable and ductile, were rolled from an alloy of the composition defined-in my typical formula, and were fo und'to stand the test applied, as follows: Specimen marked No. 1 was rolled from a cast bar, the length of said bar being about twelve inches, and having a dimen marked No. 2, rolled from a cast bar of about the same size, was annealed and bent cold. Specimen marked N o.
Description
the poles are spaced at longdistances.
NIIED dramas Parent tribe,
JOHN A. TOBIN, OF NAYATT POINT, RHODE ISLAND.
COMPOSITEQN OF METALS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 309,011, dated December 9, 1884:.
Application filed December 14, 188i. (Specimens) To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that 1, JOHN A. TonIN, United States Navy, a citizen of the United States, re siding at Nayatt Point,in the county of Bristol and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Composition of Metals; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
My invention relates to certain, improvements in composition of metals, also in the process of combining said metals for the purpose of producing homogeneous alloys, which are non-corrosive, suitable for casting or rolling, having great tensile strength and toughness, combined with durability and ductility, which can be bent into any shape either hot or cold, forged into bolts, &o.
The essential elements of my alloy are copper, zinc, and tin, preferably combinedin the exact proportions hereinafter stated, and, if desired, purified or deoxidized by means of additions to the molten metal of phosphorus, phosphates, or similar substances, including well-known fluxes,for the purpose of improving the homogeneousnature of the finished product,
I find from actual practice that owing to certain peculiarities of my metal it is specially adapted for piston-rings and other rubbing-surfaces, such as the wearing-faces of slide-valves, cross-head guides, and linings for pump-cylinders; also, owing to its non-corrosive character, it is eminently suitable for any part of an engine in which the metal comes in contact with sea-air, sea-water, or chemical vapors. Owing to the great strength and comparative low cost; these alloys can be economically employed in making shafting for launch machinery, tubing, plates, and
sheathing for vessels, torpedo-boats, boilerplates, rods, rivets, castings for bronzes, angle-bars, lightning-rods, and wires, including telegraphic and telephonic wire, for which it is peculiarly adapted on account of its nature as a conductor of electricity and ability to withstand strains, thereby obviating sagging when These alloys are also peculiarly adapted for the manufacture of cotton-ties, teeth, hooks,or similar devices employed in handling or manipulating cotton or analogous purposes, as a substitute for iron or other metals where metal is liable to endangenproperty by striking fire.
After a long series of experiments I have discovered that certain proportions of the metals above named possess remarkable characteristics, which are not found in any of the individual metals composing the alloys, and, in fact, not possessed by any other metal or composition of metals known.
The particular features which I have discovered as adapting the metal compound referred to for economic purposes are substantially the enormous tensilestrength and power. of resisting strains, combined with a remarkable density and ductility and other features in connection with the strength,which render the composition specially adapted for the uses herein detailed.
For the production of one of my high-test alloysI take, for example, 58.22 parts of copper, 39.48 parts of zinc, and 2.30 parts of tin,
and preferably melt the tin and copper separately, and then mix the two, and finally add all the zinc, care being taken during the melting operation to provide a reducing atmosphere or otherwise avoid contact of the air, as
ency of the molten charge to absorb gases I find that in all compositions of copper, zinc, and tin, when there is adoubt aboutthe purityof either metal, it is essential to the best re sults that phosphates or silieious fluxes, or both, should be added to the molten bath to thoroughly deoxidize and purify the metals. The percentage proportion of thethree metals above given indicates merely a typical formula,
and it is evident that the tin may be reduced two parts or any fraction of the amount IOO named used; also, the proportion of copper ameter of one and three-quarter inch. Speciand zinc may be changed, provided the metals are purified in the manner above described. For example, the copper can be diminished or increased two to eight parts, and the zinc changed in the same manner, while the tin remains substantially the same, or the tin can be increased or diminished, but in all cases (within certain limits.
I find that the carefully purified and deox- 'idized compositions of copper, zinc, and tin are phenomenally tough. They are also bright in color, and not easily tarnished, and, as above stated, approximate the remarkable qualities of the typical formula.
In all the combinations of copper, zinc, and tin possible for general mixture I obtain the best practical results by combining with said triple alloy either phosphates, silicon, including amorphous or other forms of phosphorus, which maybe used in place of or with the phosphate of tin or said purifying reagents.
To more fully illustrate the economical results of my discovery,I desire to specifically refer to the specimens which form a part of this application which were produced under my supervision. These specimens,which are malleable and ductile, were rolled from an alloy of the composition defined-in my typical formula, and were fo und'to stand the test applied, as follows: Specimen marked No. 1 was rolled from a cast bar, the length of said bar being about twelve inches, and having a dimen marked No. 2, rolled from a cast bar of about the same size, was annealed and bent cold. Specimen marked N o. 3 is a sample of the same melt and composition unannealed, which, when tested for tensile strength, stood a strain of sixty-five thousand three hundred and forty-two pounds per square inch. The same metal in the annealed state gave by several tests the remarkable result of withstanding strains of seventy-one thousand six hundred and eighty pounds per square inch. Previous tests, when cold-rolled,withstood a tensile strain of fifty two tons to the square inch.
What I consider as my invention, and de sire to secure by Letters Patent, is
l. The process of producing homogeneous alloys possessing the features described,which consists in melting copper, zinc, and tin, thoroughly commingling the molten mass by mechanical agitation, and finally adding to said mixture a deoxidizing agent, substantially as set forth.
, 2. The homogeneous and ductile bronze alloy herein set forth, consisting of copper, zinc,
and tin combined, as andin the proportions specified. I
In testimony whereof I hereby afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
.JOHNA. TOBIN. WVitnesses:
JAMES H. HART, H. G. LEOPOLD.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US309011A true US309011A (en) | 1884-12-09 |
Family
ID=2378176
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US309011D Expired - Lifetime US309011A (en) | John a |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US309011A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3354038A (en) * | 1964-12-02 | 1967-11-21 | Affiliated Lab Corp | Serial passaging tissue cultured canine distemper virus to form attenuated vaccine short of virus-antigenicity decreasing passages |
-
0
- US US309011D patent/US309011A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3354038A (en) * | 1964-12-02 | 1967-11-21 | Affiliated Lab Corp | Serial passaging tissue cultured canine distemper virus to form attenuated vaccine short of virus-antigenicity decreasing passages |
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