US3086941A - Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same - Google Patents
Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3086941A US3086941A US956A US95660A US3086941A US 3086941 A US3086941 A US 3086941A US 956 A US956 A US 956A US 95660 A US95660 A US 95660A US 3086941 A US3086941 A US 3086941A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- reaction product
- phosphorus
- product
- mols
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical compound S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 methyl-butyl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IXWIAFSBWGYQOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydroxide;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] IXWIAFSBWGYQOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000286 fullers earth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JHEPBQHNVNUAFL-AATRIKPKSA-N (e)-hex-1-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\O JHEPBQHNVNUAFL-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001125046 Sardina pilchardus Species 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CJDPJFRMHVXWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ba+2] CJDPJFRMHVXWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005695 dehalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006140 methanolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- LHTVMBMETNGEAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-1-en-1-ol Chemical compound CCCC=CO LHTVMBMETNGEAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/18—Complexes with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/04—Reaction products of phosphorus sulfur compounds with hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/082—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type monocarboxylic
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
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- C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
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- C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
- C10M2225/041—Hydrocarbon polymers
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- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
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- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Definitions
- This invention relates to novel compositions of matter which are effective as multi-function addition agents in lubricant compositions. More particularly, this invention pertains to improved lubricant compositions containing novel oil-soluble barium-containing neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reactions having the ability to improve detergency properties of a lubricating oil.
- Lubricating oils employed in internal combustion engines such as spark ignition and diesel engines generally. require the use of more than one addition agent to improve the serviceability of the lubricating oil under the conditions of operation of the engine.
- many different types of additives are employed.
- Such addition agents have the property of maintaining clean engines and are referred to as detergent type addition agents.
- type addition agents generally must be eltective under heavy duty, high temperature conditions of engine opera.- tion. It is desirable to provide detergency addition agents for such conditions.
- the addition agents of this invention are easily filtered and clear in appearance and are useful as multi-purpose addition agents in lubricating oils in amounts from about .002 to about 25 weight percent for the purpose of imparting detergency to the lubricating oil.
- the addition agents of this invention Further, modern 1 are also effective in imparting rust inhibition properties to the lubricating oil.
- the process for preparation of the reaction product complexes eliminates hazy appearance in the final product.
- the additive complexes of this invention are formed by neutralizing a hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product with an excess of an inorganic basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound in the presence of boric acid and a polymerized fatty acid, i.e., a polymerization product of an unsaturated fatty acid.
- the neutralization is carried out using an alcohol-containing reaction solvent for the neutralization reaction mixture.
- the basic neutralization reagent i.e., the inorganic basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound
- the inorganic basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound will hereinafter be referred to for convenience as inorganic basic compound.
- the inorganic basic compound is an oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, sulfide, or the like of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, etc.
- Examples are barium oxide, barium sulfide, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium sulfide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium sulfide, strontium oxide, etc. Barium oxide is particularly preferred.
- the alcohol reaction solvent may be any aliphatic alcohol boiling below about 350 F. or mixture of Such alcohol with water. More advantageously the aliphatic alcohol is a saturated aliphatic alcohol having from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms. Methanol is particularly preferred. Where a mixture of alcohol and water is used ;-methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentenol, pentanol, methyl-butyl alcohol, hexanol, hexenol, cyclohex- .-anol,-ethylhexyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and the like.
- the alcohol reaction solvent i used during the above neutralization reaction with excess inorganic basic compound in amounts sufiicient to provide from about 2 to about 15 mols of aliphatic alcohol per mol of inorganic basic compound and preferably from about 3 to about 7 mols per mol of inorganic basic compound.
- the neutralization is carried out by reacting the inorganic basic compound, the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product, boric acid, and the polymerized fatty acid in admixture at a temperature in a range from about F. to about 400 F. and preferably from about F. to about 200 F. It is advantageous to carry the reaction out at or below the reflux temperature of the alcohol-containing reaction solvent since the reaction temperature can thereby be more easily controlled.
- the neutralization with the inorganic basic compound forms a neutralized product having a high ratio of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to phosphorus.
- the inorganic basic compound is added to the reaction mixture as a slurry in a diluent mineral oil or water or other diluent.
- the neutralization reaction is carried out in the presence of the alcohol-containing reaction solvent, the boric acid, and the polymerized fatty acid until neutralization is complete.
- the resulting product is filtered to remove solid materials such as unreacted inorganic basic compound or inorganic salts thereof; filtration may be easily accomplished by diluting the product with a mineral lubricating oil and heating the diluted product to a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 400 F. and preferably about 350 F. and then filtering the heated diluted product through an absorbent material such as silica gel, Celite, Attapulgus clay, fullers earth, and the like.
- the alcohol-containing reaction solvent, the boric acid, and the polymerized fatty acid are heated to reaction temperature before addition of the inorganic basic compound for neutralization.
- the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product should not be permitted to react substantially with the inorganic )basic compound before addition of the boric acid and polymerized fatty acid.
- the boric and polymerized acids are added before the inorganic basic compound or alternatively after or at the same time as the inorganic basic compound but before the reaction mixture is heated to reaction temperature.
- the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product may be prepared by reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with a phosphorus sulfide, such as P S P 5 P 8 or other phosphorus sulfides, and prefer- ;ably phosphorus pentasulfide, P 8 and hydrolyzing the resulting product.
- a normally liquid hydrocarbon constituent of this reaction is suitably a high boiling hydrocarbon such as is described in detail in U.S. 2,316,080, 2,316,082, and 2,316,088, each issued to Loane et al. on April 6, 1943.
- hydrocarbon constituent of this reaction can be any of the type hereinafter described, it is preferably a mono-olefin hydrocarbon polymer resulting from the polymerization of low molecular weight mono-olefinic hydrocarbons or isomono-olefinic hydrocarbons, such as vbutylenes, or the copolymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbon mixtures containing isomono-olefins and mono-olefins or mixtures of olefins in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chloride or other similar halide catalysts of the Friedel-C-rafts type.
- a catalyst such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chloride or other similar halide catalysts of the Friedel-C-rafts type.
- the polymers employed are preferably mono-olefin polymers or mixtures of mono-olefin polymers and isomono-olefin polymers having molecular weights ranging from about 1-50 to about 50,000 or more, and preferably from about 300 to about 10,000.
- Such polymers can be obtained, for example, by the polymerization in the liquid phase of a hydrocarbon mixture containing mono-olefins and isomono-olefins such as butylene and isobutylene at a temperature of from about -80 F. to about 100 F. in the presence of a metal halide catalyst of the Friedel-Crafts types such as, for example, boron fluoride, aluminum chloride, and the like.
- Essentially parafiinic hydrocarbons such as bright stock residuums, lubricating oil distillates, petrolatums, or par- -afiin waxes, may be used.
- condensation products of any of the foregoing hydrocarbons uusally through first halogenating the hydrocarbons, with aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of anhydrous inorganic halides, such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, boron fluoride, and the like.
- olefins suitable for the preparation of the herein described phosphorus sulfide reaction products are olefins having at least 20 carbon atoms in the molecule of which from about 13 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms, and preferably at least 15 carbon atoms, are in a long chain.
- Such olefins can be obtained by the dehydrogenation of paraflins, such as by the cracking of paraffin waxes or by the dehalogenation of alkyl halides, preferably long chain alkyl halides, particularly halogenated paraffin waxes.
- the phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product is prepared by reacting the phosphorus sulfide, e.g. P 8 with the hydrocarbon at a temperature of from about 200 F. to about 600 F., preferably from about 300 F. to about 500 F., using from 1% to about 50%, preferably from about 5% to about 25% of phosphorus sulfide; the reaction is carried out in from about one to about ten hours. It is preferable to use an amount of the phosphorus sulfide that will completely react with the hydrocarbon so that no further purification is necessary; however, an excess of the phosphorus sulfide can be used, and the unreacted material separated by filtration.
- the reaction if desired, can be carried out in the presence of a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur or a halide of sulfur as described in U.S. 2,316,087, issued to J. W. Gaynor et al. April 6, 1943. It is advantageous to maintain a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example an atmosphere of nitrogen, in the reaction vessel.
- a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur or a halide of sulfur as described in U.S. 2,316,087, issued to J. W. Gaynor et al. April 6, 1943.
- a non-oxidizing atmosphere for example an atmosphere of nitrogen
- the hydrolyzed product, containing inorganicphosphorus acids formed during the hydrolysis can be used as such in the subsequent neutralization stage; or it can be substantially freed of the inorganic phosphorus acids by contacting with an adsorbent material such as Attapulgus clay, fullers earth and the like at a temperature of F.-500 F. as fully described and claimed in U.S. 2,688,412, issued to R. Watson on September 7, 1954, or by extraction with phenol or an alkanol of l to 5 carbon atoms in admixture with water as described andiclaimed in U.S. 2,843,579, issued to N. E. Lammon et al. on July 15, 1958.
- an adsorbent material such as Attapulgus clay, fullers earth and the like at a temperature of F.-500 F. as fully described and claimed in U.S. 2,688,412, issued to R. Watson on September 7, 1954, or by extraction with phenol or an alkanol of l to 5 carbon atoms in
- the bo-ric acid is used in the neutralization reaction mixture in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 5.0 moles and preferably from about 0.5 to about 2.5 mols per mol of phosphorus in the phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product.
- the boric acid may be added as boric acid or may be prepared in situ in the reaction mixture by adding boric acid anhydride or a boric acid ester which is capable of decomposition to give boric acid in the reaction mixture, for example, by dissociation upon heating or by dissociation through hydrolysis or other means.
- the polymerized fatty acid may be used in the neutralization reaction mixture in amounts in the range of 0.1 to 10.0 mols, and preferably 0.2 to 6.0 mols, per mol of phosphorus in the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfidehydrocarbon reaction product.
- the polymerized fatty acids preferably are oil soluble and have a molecular weight in the range of from about 300 to about 2000.
- the polymerized fatty acids or polymerization products of the unsaturated fatty acids are those such as may be obtained by the polymerization of natural or synthetic mono-carboxylic acids which generally will have 16 to 26 carbon atoms, most frequently 18 carbon atoms, but if synthetic unsaturated fatty acids are used they may have a lesser or greater number of carbon atoms.
- the natural fatty acids are those such as linoleic, linolenic, ricinoleic (which upon heating forms linoleic acid), linoleaidic elaido-linolenic, eleostearic, arachidonic, eicosatrienoic, cetoleic, docosatrienoic and the like.
- the free fatty acids can be polymerized either thermally or with the assistance of catalysts.
- a method of thermally polymerizing free fatty acids (see U.S. 2,482,761) consists of hydrolyzing a fat or an oil, adding a small portion of water, and heating in a pressure vessel until substan-tially all of the diand tri-unsaturated fatty acids present polymerize. The resultant product is then heated ata reduced pressure to distill off vaporizable constituents, leaving behind the polymerized unsaturated fatty acids.
- the polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature of about 300 to 360 C. for about 3 to 8 hours at a pressure varying between 75 and 500 p.s.i.g.
- the polymerization product may consist of monomers, dimers, trimers, and higher polymers of the unsaturated fatty acids.
- the various fats or oils which may be hydrolyzed to produce the free fatty acids used in the above thermal polymerization are those such as sardine oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, castor oil, peanut oil, palm oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, and the like.
- Another method of preparing the polymerized fatty acids consists of subjecting fats and oils such as have been listed supra (without previous hydolysis) to a thermal or catalytic polymerization to cause polymerization of the esters of the unsaturated carboxylic acids to the dimers, trimers, and higher polymerization products thereof followed by hydrolysis to yield the corresponding polymers of the acids.
- a large source of the polymerized unsaturated fatty acids are those residual acids obtained by methanolysis (see U.S. 2,450,940) of the semidrying or drying type oils such as castor oil, soybean oil, and others listed supra, polymerizing the methyl esters, removing unpolymerized compounds, saponifying the residual esters and freeing polymerized acids therefrom.
- the products of catalytic polymerization of semi-drying oils such as the BF polymerization products of soybean oil, cottonseed oil, or the like also product polymers suitable for'use in the invention.
- polymerized unsaturated fatty acids may be used, they do not all provide the same effect, and indeed there may be pronounced differences, when used in the composition of this invention.
- a highly preferred source of the polymerized unsaturated fatty acids is obtained as a by-product still residue in the manufacture of sebacic acid by the dry distillation of castor oil in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
- a method of obtaining such by-product still residues in the. manumacture of sebacic acid is described in US. 2,470,849, isued to W. E. Hanson May 24, 1949.
- the mixture of high molecular weight unsaturated fatty acids comprises monomer, dimer, trimer and higher polymers in the ratio of from about 45% to about 55 of a monomer and dimer fraction having a molecular weight in the range of: from about 300 to 600 and from about 4.5% to about 55% of a trimers and higher polymer fraction having a molecular weight in excess of 600.
- the fatty. acid polymers result in part from a thermal polymerization. of fatty acid type constituents of the castor oil, and in part from other reactions such as the intermolecularesterification of such acid to form high molecular weight products.
- the acid mixture which is mainly a mixture of polymeric long chain polybasic carboxylic acids, is further characterized by the following specifications:
- The. polymerization products of the unsaturated fatty acids may have a molecular weight between about 400 and 2000. Those polymers having a molecular weight higher than about 500, and especially those having molecular weight averaging about 800 or higher are. particularly preferred for use in this invention.
- the polymerization products may consist primarily of dimers and trimers of linoleic acid, for example Emery 955 dimer acid which contains of the dimer, 12% of the trimer, and 3% of the monomer of linoleic acid may be used.
- Especially preferred polymerized unsaturated acids are the polymerization products of acids such as linoleic acid having a molecular Weight between about 300 and 2000, wherein the polymerization products consist of from about 45 to about 55% of monomer and dimer fraction of linoleic acid having a molecular weight ranging from 300 to 600 and from about 45% to about 55% of the trimer and higher molecular weight polymers fraction of linoleic acid having a molecular weight in excess of about 600.
- acids such as linoleic acid having a molecular Weight between about 300 and 2000
- the polymerization products consist of from about 45 to about 55% of monomer and dimer fraction of linoleic acid having a molecular weight ranging from 300 to 600 and from about 45% to about 55% of the trimer and higher molecular weight polymers fraction of linoleic acid having a molecular weight in excess of about 600.
- Example I 1220 grams of the diluted hydrolyzed phosphorous sulfide-polybutene reaction product of the above preparation, 75 grams of Har-desty D-50. Acids (described above), 300 grams of solvent extracted SAE5 mineral lubricating oil and 62 grams of boric acid were mixed with 700 cc. of methanol and 36 cc. of water. Theresulting mixture was heated at -F. for 2 hours. An oil slurry of 400 grams of barium oxide in 480 grams solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil was then added and the reaction mixture was heated at 160 F. for 2 hours. The temperature was then increased to 350 F. and the product was filtered. The filtered product contained 13.1% barium, 1.33% phosphorous, and 0.35% boron and was clear and bright in appearance.
- Example 111 1220 grams of the diluted hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-polybutene reaction product of the above preparation, 12 grams of Hardesty D-SO Acids (described 7 above), 300 grams of solvent extracted SAE- mineral lubricating oil and 62 grams of boric acid were mixed with 700 cc. of methanol and 36 cc. of water. The resulting mixture was heated at 160 F. for 2 hours. An oil slurry of 400 grams of barium oxide in 480 grams solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil was then added and the reaction mixture was heated at 160 F. for 2 hours. The temperature was then increased to 350 F. and the product was filtered. The product filtered readily and was bright and clear in appearance. The filtered product contained 12.76% barium, 1.28% phosphorus and 0.34% boron.
- Example IV A hydrolyzed phosphorus pentasulfide-polybutene reaction product was prepared in accordance with the preparation above but was diluted only to a concentration of one mol of phosphorus in 930 grams.
- 930 grams of the diluted product, 470 grams of solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil, 70 grams of boric acid, and 75 grams of Hardesty D-50 Acids (described above) were mixed with 700 cc. methanol and 35 cc. water and heated at 160 F. (methanol reflux temperature) for about 2 hours.
- the mixture was then mixed with an oil slurry of 420 grams of barium oxide in 500 grams of solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil and the mixture was heated for 2 hours at 160 F. After 2 hours the temperature was increased to 350 F. and the product was filtered through Celite.
- the filtered product contained 13.92% barium, 1.24% phosphorus and 0.34% boron and was clear and bright in appearance.
- compositions of this invention as addition agents in a lubricating oil was tested in accordance with the procedure of the L-l test, having CRC designation L1545 as fully described in CRC handbook, 1956 edition, Co-ordinating Research Step, New York. Briefly, the test is conducted in a lA-Sl single cylinder Caterpillar engine operating at 1000 r.p.m. at a load of 19.8 B.H.P. Within an oil temperature of 145 to 150 F. and a water jacket outlet temperature of about 175 to 180 F. The test was run for 480 hours with inspections at the end of 240, and 480 hour periods for carbon in the ring grooves, expressed in terms of percent filling of the top ring groove with carbon.
- the sample tested was formulated by adding 2.8% of the product prepared in Example IV to an SAE-30 mineral lubricating oil containing 1% of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and a polyisobutylene polymer viscosity index improver and having a viscosity index of about 62 sec. at 210 F.
- the results of the L-1 test are reported below. More than 25% filling of the first ring groove is considered failing.
- lubricating oil bases can be used, such as hydrocarbon oils, both natural and synthetic for example, those obtained by the polymerization of olefins, as well as synthetic lubricating oils of the alkylene oxide type and the polycarboxylic acid ester type, such as the oil-soluble esters of adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, etc. It is also contemplated that various other well known additives, such as viscosity index improvers, anti-foaming agents, pourpoint depressors, extreme pressure agents, and the like, may be incorporated in lubricating oils containing the additives of our invention.
- Concentrates of a suitable oil base containing more than 15 percent, for example up to 50 percent or more, of the additives of this invention alone or in combination with other additives can be used for blending with hydrocarbon oils or other normally liquid lubricating oils in the proportions desired for the particular conditions of use to give a finished lubricating product containing the additives of this invention.
- an oil-soluble detergent neutralized reaction product prepared by the process comprising reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F. to about 600 F., hydrolyzing the resulting reaction product at a'temperature in the range of from about 200 F.
- inorganic basic compound being selected from the class consisting "of inorganic basic compounds of alkali metals and inorganic basic compounds of alkaline earth metals and said alcohol-containing solvent providing from about 2 to about 15 mols of aliphatic alcohol per mol of inorganic basic compound.
- tergent neutralized reaction product prepared by the process comprising reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F. to
- an alcoholcontaining reaction solvent wherein the alcohol is an aliphatic alcohol having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and reacting the resulting reaction mixture with from about 0.8 to about 5.0 mols of an inorganic basic compound of a metal selected from the class consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about 120 F. to about 400 F. in the presence of said reaction solvent, said reaction solvent being present in the reaction mixture in an amount suflicient to provide from about 2 to about 15 mols of said aliphatic alcohol per mol of inorganic basic compound.
- composition of claim 4 wherein said normally liquid hydrocarbon is a butene polymer having a molecular weight of from about 150 to about 50,000.
- an oil-soluble detergent neutralized reaction product prepared by the process comprising reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F. to about 600 F., hydrolyzing the reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F.
- reaction solvent being present in the reaction mixture in an amount suflicient to provide from about 2 to about 15 mols of methanol per mol of barium oxide and filtering the resulting neutralized product to remove inorganic contaminants therefrom.
- a lubricant composition comprising a major proportion of a normally liquid lubricating oil and from about .002 to about 15% of the composition of claim 1.
- a lubricant composition comprising a major proportion of a normally liquid lubricating oil of from about .002 to about 15% of the composition of claim 4.
- An addition agent concentrate for lubricating oils consisting essentially of a lubricating oil containing more than about 15% of the oil-soluble neutralized reaction product of claim 1, said concentrate being capable of dilution with a normally liquid lubricating oil to a concentration of said reaction product in the range of from about .002 to about 15%.
- An addition agent concentrate for lubricating oils consisting essentially of a lubricating oil containing more than about 15 of the oil-soluble neutralized reaction product of claim 4, said concentrate being capable of dilu tion with a normally liquid lubricating oil to a concentration of said reaction product in the range of from about .002 to about 15 11.
- a process for making new and useful oil-soluble detergent neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products which process comprises reacting a hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product, said hydrolyzed product having been prepared by reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 600 F.
- inorganic basic compound being selected from the class consisting of the inorganic basic compounds of alkali metals and the inorganic basic compounds of alkaline earth metals and said alcohol-containing solvent providing from about 2 to about 15 mols of aliphatic alcohol per mol of inorganic basic compound.
- a process for producing new and useful oil-soluble detergent neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products comprises reacting a hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product, said hydrolyzed product having been prepared by reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 600 F.
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Description
United States Patent O 3,086,941 LUBRICANT ADDITION AGENTS AND LUBRICANTS CGNTAINING SAME Albert R. Sabol, Munster, Eli W. Blaha, Highland, and Robert E. Karll, Munster, Ind, assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111;, a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Filed Jan. 7, 1960, Ser. No. 956
12 Claims. (Q1. 252-32.7)
This invention relates to novel compositions of matter which are effective as multi-function addition agents in lubricant compositions. More particularly, this invention pertains to improved lubricant compositions containing novel oil-soluble barium-containing neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reactions having the ability to improve detergency properties of a lubricating oil.
Within recent years, it has become common practice to impart improved properties to lubricant through the use of various types of addition agents. Lubricating oils employed in internal combustion engines, such as spark ignition and diesel engines generally. require the use of more than one addition agent to improve the serviceability of the lubricating oil under the conditions of operation of the engine. Because the conditions of operation of an engine are such as to require many different types of improvement in a lubricating oil, many different types of additives are employed. Among the more important additives employed, is the type which functions to prevent the formation and accumulation of sludge and varnish deposits and coatings on cylinder and I piston walls of engines. Such addition agents have the property of maintaining clean engines and are referred to as detergent type addition agents. type addition agents generally must be eltective under heavy duty, high temperature conditions of engine opera.- tion. It is desirable to provide detergency addition agents for such conditions.
In recent years, the use of neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products as detergency lub- Such detergent ricant addition agents has become more and more promi nent. Higher basic metal content in such neutralized products is desirable in that it results in a corresponding increase in detergency properties of the product. Increased detergency is particularly valuable in recent years as more advanced engine designs necessitate the use of higher detergency lubricants. engines require other addition agents in larger amounts and each additional amount of addition agent added to the lubricant replaces lubricating oil. in the lubricant and the lubricating ability of the lubricant is cor-respondingly decreased. Thus, it is desirable to increase the basic metal content and detergency properties of the detergency addition agent so that. the same amount of more detergency may be obtained from a small amount of addition agent.
Further, when. neutralizing such products With barium, in processes for preparing such addition agents, many problems. in handling. the reactants and reaction prodnot have been incurred. Often in such neutralizations, the product is difficult to filter and has a hazy appearance, detracting from its commercial acceptability.
Wehave provided certain new and useful oil-soluble neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product complexes for use as multipurpose addition agents in lubricants; The addition agents of this invention are easily filtered and clear in appearance and are useful as multi-purpose addition agents in lubricating oils in amounts from about .002 to about 25 weight percent for the purpose of imparting detergency to the lubricating oil. The addition agents of this invention Further, modern 1 are also effective in imparting rust inhibition properties to the lubricating oil. The process for preparation of the reaction product complexes eliminates hazy appearance in the final product. The additive complexes of this invention are formed by neutralizing a hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product with an excess of an inorganic basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound in the presence of boric acid and a polymerized fatty acid, i.e., a polymerization product of an unsaturated fatty acid. The neutralization is carried out using an alcohol-containing reaction solvent for the neutralization reaction mixture.
The basic neutralization reagent, i.e., the inorganic basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound, may be inorganic basic compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. The inorganic basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound will hereinafter be referred to for convenience as inorganic basic compound. Advantageously the inorganic basic compound is an oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, sulfide, or the like of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, etc. Examples are barium oxide, barium sulfide, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium sulfide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium sulfide, strontium oxide, etc. Barium oxide is particularly preferred.
The alcohol reaction solvent may be any aliphatic alcohol boiling below about 350 F. or mixture of Such alcohol with water. More advantageously the aliphatic alcohol is a saturated aliphatic alcohol having from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms. Methanol is particularly preferred. Where a mixture of alcohol and water is used ;-methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentenol, pentanol, methyl-butyl alcohol, hexanol, hexenol, cyclohex- .-anol,-ethylhexyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and the like. .The alcohol reaction solvent i used during the above neutralization reaction with excess inorganic basic compound in amounts sufiicient to provide from about 2 to about 15 mols of aliphatic alcohol per mol of inorganic basic compound and preferably from about 3 to about 7 mols per mol of inorganic basic compound.
The neutralization is carried out by reacting the inorganic basic compound, the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product, boric acid, and the polymerized fatty acid in admixture at a temperature in a range from about F. to about 400 F. and preferably from about F. to about 200 F. It is advantageous to carry the reaction out at or below the reflux temperature of the alcohol-containing reaction solvent since the reaction temperature can thereby be more easily controlled. The neutralization with the inorganic basic compound forms a neutralized product having a high ratio of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to phosphorus. It is preferred to use from about 1.5 to about 4.0 mols of inorganic basic compound per mol of phosphorus in the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product in the reaction mixture although any amount of from about 0.8 to about 5.0 or more mols of inorganic basic compound per mol of phosphorus may be used. Preferably, the inorganic basic compound is added to the reaction mixture as a slurry in a diluent mineral oil or water or other diluent.
The neutralization reaction is carried out in the presence of the alcohol-containing reaction solvent, the boric acid, and the polymerized fatty acid until neutralization is complete. After the neutralization with inorganic basic compound, the resulting product is filtered to remove solid materials such as unreacted inorganic basic compound or inorganic salts thereof; filtration may be easily accomplished by diluting the product with a mineral lubricating oil and heating the diluted product to a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 400 F. and preferably about 350 F. and then filtering the heated diluted product through an absorbent material such as silica gel, Celite, Attapulgus clay, fullers earth, and the like.
As the preferred procedure, the alcohol-containing reaction solvent, the boric acid, and the polymerized fatty acid are heated to reaction temperature before addition of the inorganic basic compound for neutralization. Other procedureswill be obvious to those skilled in the art. However, in any procedure, the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product should not be permitted to react substantially with the inorganic )basic compound before addition of the boric acid and polymerized fatty acid. In the preferred embodiment, the boric and polymerized acids are added before the inorganic basic compound or alternatively after or at the same time as the inorganic basic compound but before the reaction mixture is heated to reaction temperature.
The hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product may be prepared by reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with a phosphorus sulfide, such as P S P 5 P 8 or other phosphorus sulfides, and prefer- ;ably phosphorus pentasulfide, P 8 and hydrolyzing the resulting product. The normally liquid hydrocarbon constituent of this reaction is suitably a high boiling hydrocarbon such as is described in detail in U.S. 2,316,080, 2,316,082, and 2,316,088, each issued to Loane et al. on April 6, 1943. .While the hydrocarbon constituent of this reaction can be any of the type hereinafter described, it is preferably a mono-olefin hydrocarbon polymer resulting from the polymerization of low molecular weight mono-olefinic hydrocarbons or isomono-olefinic hydrocarbons, such as vbutylenes, or the copolymers obtained by the polymerization of hydrocarbon mixtures containing isomono-olefins and mono-olefins or mixtures of olefins in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boron fluoride, aluminum chloride or other similar halide catalysts of the Friedel-C-rafts type.
The polymers employed are preferably mono-olefin polymers or mixtures of mono-olefin polymers and isomono-olefin polymers having molecular weights ranging from about 1-50 to about 50,000 or more, and preferably from about 300 to about 10,000. Such polymers can be obtained, for example, by the polymerization in the liquid phase of a hydrocarbon mixture containing mono-olefins and isomono-olefins such as butylene and isobutylene at a temperature of from about -80 F. to about 100 F. in the presence of a metal halide catalyst of the Friedel-Crafts types such as, for example, boron fluoride, aluminum chloride, and the like. In the preparation of these polymers we may employ, for example, a hydrocarbon mixture containing isobutylene, butylenes and butanes recovered from petroleum gases, especially those gases produced in the cracking of petroleum oils in the manufacture of gasoline.
Essentially parafiinic hydrocarbons such as bright stock residuums, lubricating oil distillates, petrolatums, or par- -afiin waxes, may be used. There can also be employed the condensation products of any of the foregoing hydrocarbons, uusally through first halogenating the hydrocarbons, with aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of anhydrous inorganic halides, such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, boron fluoride, and the like.
Other preferred olefins suitable for the preparation of the herein described phosphorus sulfide reaction products are olefins having at least 20 carbon atoms in the molecule of which from about 13 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms, and preferably at least 15 carbon atoms, are in a long chain. Such olefins can be obtained by the dehydrogenation of paraflins, such as by the cracking of paraffin waxes or by the dehalogenation of alkyl halides, preferably long chain alkyl halides, particularly halogenated paraffin waxes.
The phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product is prepared by reacting the phosphorus sulfide, e.g. P 8 with the hydrocarbon at a temperature of from about 200 F. to about 600 F., preferably from about 300 F. to about 500 F., using from 1% to about 50%, preferably from about 5% to about 25% of phosphorus sulfide; the reaction is carried out in from about one to about ten hours. It is preferable to use an amount of the phosphorus sulfide that will completely react with the hydrocarbon so that no further purification is necessary; however, an excess of the phosphorus sulfide can be used, and the unreacted material separated by filtration. The reaction, if desired, can be carried out in the presence of a sulfurizing agent such as sulfur or a halide of sulfur as described in U.S. 2,316,087, issued to J. W. Gaynor et al. April 6, 1943. It is advantageous to maintain a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example an atmosphere of nitrogen, in the reaction vessel. The reaction product obtained is then hydrolyzed at a temperature of from about 200 F. to about 500 F., preferably at a temperature of about 300 F.-400 F. by suitable means, such as for example, by introducing steam through the reaction mass. The hydrolyzed product, containing inorganicphosphorus acids formed during the hydrolysis can be used as such in the subsequent neutralization stage; or it can be substantially freed of the inorganic phosphorus acids by contacting with an adsorbent material such as Attapulgus clay, fullers earth and the like at a temperature of F.-500 F. as fully described and claimed in U.S. 2,688,412, issued to R. Watson on September 7, 1954, or by extraction with phenol or an alkanol of l to 5 carbon atoms in admixture with water as described andiclaimed in U.S. 2,843,579, issued to N. E. Lammon et al. on July 15, 1958.
The bo-ric acid is used in the neutralization reaction mixture in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 5.0 moles and preferably from about 0.5 to about 2.5 mols per mol of phosphorus in the phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product. The boric acid may be added as boric acid or may be prepared in situ in the reaction mixture by adding boric acid anhydride or a boric acid ester which is capable of decomposition to give boric acid in the reaction mixture, for example, by dissociation upon heating or by dissociation through hydrolysis or other means.
The polymerized fatty acid may be used in the neutralization reaction mixture in amounts in the range of 0.1 to 10.0 mols, and preferably 0.2 to 6.0 mols, per mol of phosphorus in the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfidehydrocarbon reaction product. The polymerized fatty acids preferably are oil soluble and have a molecular weight in the range of from about 300 to about 2000.
The polymerized fatty acids or polymerization products of the unsaturated fatty acids are those such as may be obtained by the polymerization of natural or synthetic mono-carboxylic acids which generally will have 16 to 26 carbon atoms, most frequently 18 carbon atoms, but if synthetic unsaturated fatty acids are used they may have a lesser or greater number of carbon atoms. Examples of the natural fatty acids are those such as linoleic, linolenic, ricinoleic (which upon heating forms linoleic acid), linoleaidic elaido-linolenic, eleostearic, arachidonic, eicosatrienoic, cetoleic, docosatrienoic and the like. The free fatty acids can be polymerized either thermally or with the assistance of catalysts. A method of thermally polymerizing free fatty acids (see U.S. 2,482,761) consists of hydrolyzing a fat or an oil, adding a small portion of water, and heating in a pressure vessel until substan-tially all of the diand tri-unsaturated fatty acids present polymerize. The resultant product is then heated ata reduced pressure to distill off vaporizable constituents, leaving behind the polymerized unsaturated fatty acids. The polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature of about 300 to 360 C. for about 3 to 8 hours at a pressure varying between 75 and 500 p.s.i.g. The polymerization product may consist of monomers, dimers, trimers, and higher polymers of the unsaturated fatty acids. The various fats or oils which may be hydrolyzed to produce the free fatty acids used in the above thermal polymerization are those such as sardine oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, castor oil, peanut oil, palm oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, and the like.
Another method of preparing the polymerized fatty acids consists of subjecting fats and oils such as have been listed supra (without previous hydolysis) to a thermal or catalytic polymerization to cause polymerization of the esters of the unsaturated carboxylic acids to the dimers, trimers, and higher polymerization products thereof followed by hydrolysis to yield the corresponding polymers of the acids. A large source of the polymerized unsaturated fatty acids are those residual acids obtained by methanolysis (see U.S. 2,450,940) of the semidrying or drying type oils such as castor oil, soybean oil, and others listed supra, polymerizing the methyl esters, removing unpolymerized compounds, saponifying the residual esters and freeing polymerized acids therefrom. The products of catalytic polymerization of semi-drying oils such as the BF polymerization products of soybean oil, cottonseed oil, or the like also product polymers suitable for'use in the invention.
It should be understood that while various polymerized unsaturated fatty acids may be used, they do not all provide the same effect, and indeed there may be pronounced differences, when used in the composition of this invention. A highly preferred source of the polymerized unsaturated fatty acids is obtained as a by-product still residue in the manufacture of sebacic acid by the dry distillation of castor oil in the presence of sodium hydroxide. A method of obtaining such by-product still residues in the. manumacture of sebacic acid is described in US. 2,470,849, isued to W. E. Hanson May 24, 1949. The mixture of high molecular weight unsaturated fatty acidscomprises monomer, dimer, trimer and higher polymers in the ratio of from about 45% to about 55 of a monomer and dimer fraction having a molecular weight in the range of: from about 300 to 600 and from about 4.5% to about 55% of a trimers and higher polymer fraction having a molecular weight in excess of 600. The fatty. acid polymers result in part from a thermal polymerization. of fatty acid type constituents of the castor oil, and in part from other reactions such as the intermolecularesterification of such acid to form high molecular weight products. The acid mixture, which is mainly a mixture of polymeric long chain polybasic carboxylic acids, is further characterized by the following specifications:
Acid No 150 to 164 Saponificaiton No. 175- to 186 Free, fatty acids -percent 75 to 82 Iodine value 44 to 55 Non-saponifiables percent 2.5 to 5 A fatty acid mixture such as above described is marketed under the trade name H-ardesty D-50 Acids and also as VR-l Acids.
The. polymerization products of the unsaturated fatty acids may have a molecular weight between about 400 and 2000. Those polymers having a molecular weight higher than about 500, and especially those having molecular weight averaging about 800 or higher are. particularly preferred for use in this invention. The polymerization products may consist primarily of dimers and trimers of linoleic acid, for example Emery 955 dimer acid which contains of the dimer, 12% of the trimer, and 3% of the monomer of linoleic acid may be used. Especially preferred polymerized unsaturated acids are the polymerization products of acids such as linoleic acid having a molecular Weight between about 300 and 2000, wherein the polymerization products consist of from about 45 to about 55% of monomer and dimer fraction of linoleic acid having a molecular weight ranging from 300 to 600 and from about 45% to about 55% of the trimer and higher molecular weight polymers fraction of linoleic acid having a molecular weight in excess of about 600.
Although we do not Wish to be held to any theories regarding the reaction, we believe that the addition of boric acid and polymerized fatty acid to the barium neutralization reaction mixture causes a complex of such components with the hydrolyzed phosphorous sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product to form. The complex, in turn, reacts with excess barium oxide to form the lubricant addition agents of this invention.
The following examples are included as illustrations of the preparation of reaction products of this invention and are not intended as limiting our invention.
PREPARATION: HYDROLYZED PHOSPHORUS SULFIDE-HYDROCARBON REACTION PRODUCT As an illustration of the preparation of the hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product used an intermediate in the preparation of addition agents of this invention, a butene polymer having an average molecular weight in the range of about 750 to 800 was reacted with 15.5 wt. percent P 8 at a temperature of about 450 F. for a period of about 5 /2 hours. The product was then hydrolyzed with steam at a temperature of about 340 F. until the acidity of the product remained substantially constant with continued, steaming. The reaction product was diluted with a solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubrication oil to a phosphorus content of one mol per 1220 grams.
Example I 1220 grams of the diluted hydrolyzed phosphorous sulfide-polybutene reaction product of the above preparation, 75 grams of Har-desty D-50. Acids (described above), 300 grams of solvent extracted SAE5 mineral lubricating oil and 62 grams of boric acid were mixed with 700 cc. of methanol and 36 cc. of water. Theresulting mixture was heated at -F. for 2 hours. An oil slurry of 400 grams of barium oxide in 480 grams solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil was then added and the reaction mixture was heated at 160 F. for 2 hours. The temperature was then increased to 350 F. and the product was filtered. The filtered product contained 13.1% barium, 1.33% phosphorous, and 0.35% boron and was clear and bright in appearance.
Example Il 1220 grams of the diluted hydrolyzed phosphorous sulfide-polybutene reaction product of the above preparation, 25 grams of Hardesty D-50 Acids (described above), 300 grams of solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil and 62 grams of boric acid were mixed with 700 cc. of methanol and 36 cc. of water. The resulting mixture was heated at 160 F. for 2 hours. An oil slurry of 400 grams of barium oxide in 480 grams solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil was then added and the reaction-mixture was heated at 160 F. for 2 hours. The temperature was then increased to 350 F. and the product was filtered. The product filtered easily and was bright and clear in appearance. The filtered product contained 13.73% barium, 1.4% phosphorus and 0.4% boron.
Example 111 1220 grams of the diluted hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-polybutene reaction product of the above preparation, 12 grams of Hardesty D-SO Acids (described 7 above), 300 grams of solvent extracted SAE- mineral lubricating oil and 62 grams of boric acid were mixed with 700 cc. of methanol and 36 cc. of water. The resulting mixture was heated at 160 F. for 2 hours. An oil slurry of 400 grams of barium oxide in 480 grams solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil was then added and the reaction mixture was heated at 160 F. for 2 hours. The temperature was then increased to 350 F. and the product was filtered. The product filtered readily and was bright and clear in appearance. The filtered product contained 12.76% barium, 1.28% phosphorus and 0.34% boron.
Example IV A hydrolyzed phosphorus pentasulfide-polybutene reaction product was prepared in accordance with the preparation above but was diluted only to a concentration of one mol of phosphorus in 930 grams. 930 grams of the diluted product, 470 grams of solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil, 70 grams of boric acid, and 75 grams of Hardesty D-50 Acids (described above) were mixed with 700 cc. methanol and 35 cc. water and heated at 160 F. (methanol reflux temperature) for about 2 hours. The mixture was then mixed with an oil slurry of 420 grams of barium oxide in 500 grams of solvent extracted SAE-S mineral lubricating oil and the mixture was heated for 2 hours at 160 F. After 2 hours the temperature was increased to 350 F. and the product was filtered through Celite. The filtered product contained 13.92% barium, 1.24% phosphorus and 0.34% boron and was clear and bright in appearance.
The effectiveness of compositions of this invention as addition agents in a lubricating oil was tested in accordance with the procedure of the L-l test, having CRC designation L1545 as fully described in CRC handbook, 1956 edition, Co-ordinating Research Counsel, New York. Briefly, the test is conducted in a lA-Sl single cylinder Caterpillar engine operating at 1000 r.p.m. at a load of 19.8 B.H.P. Within an oil temperature of 145 to 150 F. and a water jacket outlet temperature of about 175 to 180 F. The test was run for 480 hours with inspections at the end of 240, and 480 hour periods for carbon in the ring grooves, expressed in terms of percent filling of the top ring groove with carbon. The sample tested was formulated by adding 2.8% of the product prepared in Example IV to an SAE-30 mineral lubricating oil containing 1% of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and a polyisobutylene polymer viscosity index improver and having a viscosity index of about 62 sec. at 210 F. The results of the L-1 test are reported below. More than 25% filling of the first ring groove is considered failing.
Table [Results, Caterpillar L1, S-l Test Results] Percent Filling of To Ring Groove with Car on 240 Hours 480 Hours The data of the above L-l test as reported in the table demonstrate improved detergency properties of the coment invention can be used as indicated above in varying amounts of from .002 up to about 15% in lubricating oils. Although the present invention has been illustrated by the use of the additive compositions in mineral lubri- 1 Alkyl groups derived from a mixture of 70 mol percent of isopropyl alcohol and 30 mol percent of mixed decyl alcohols.
eating oils, it is not restricted thereto. Other lubricating oil bases can be used, such as hydrocarbon oils, both natural and synthetic for example, those obtained by the polymerization of olefins, as well as synthetic lubricating oils of the alkylene oxide type and the polycarboxylic acid ester type, such as the oil-soluble esters of adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, etc. It is also contemplated that various other well known additives, such as viscosity index improvers, anti-foaming agents, pourpoint depressors, extreme pressure agents, and the like, may be incorporated in lubricating oils containing the additives of our invention.
Concentrates of a suitable oil base containing more than 15 percent, for example up to 50 percent or more, of the additives of this invention alone or in combination with other additives can be used for blending with hydrocarbon oils or other normally liquid lubricating oils in the proportions desired for the particular conditions of use to give a finished lubricating product containing the additives of this invention.
Unless otherwise stated, the percentages given herein and in the claims are percentages by weight.
Although we have described our invention by reference to specific embodiments and examples thereof, such specific embodiments and examples as have been given are merely for the purpose of illustration of the invention and are not intended as limiting its scope. It is intended that modifications and variations of the present invention which are apparent from our foregoing description to those skilled in the art are to be considered within the scope of our present invention.
We claim:
1. As a new composition of matter, an oil-soluble detergent neutralized reaction product prepared by the process comprising reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F. to about 600 F., hydrolyzing the resulting reaction product at a'temperature in the range of from about 200 F.
to about 500 F., reacting the resulting hydrolyzed reaction product with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 mols of boric acid per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product,
from about 0.1 to about 10.0 mols of the polymerization product of unsaturated higher fatty acids per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product, said polymerization product having a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 2000, and from about 0.8 to about 5.0 mols of an inorganic basic compound per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about F. to about 400 F. in the presence of an alcohol-containing solvent wherein the alcohol is an aliphatic alcohol boiling below about 350 F., said inorganic basic compound being selected from the class consisting "of inorganic basic compounds of alkali metals and inorganic basic compounds of alkaline earth metals and said alcohol-containing solvent providing from about 2 to about 15 mols of aliphatic alcohol per mol of inorganic basic compound.
tergent neutralized reaction product prepared by the process comprising reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F. to
about 600 F., hydrolyzing the reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F. to about 500 F reacting the resulting reaction product with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 mols of boric acid per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product, and from about 0.1 to about 10.0 mols of the polymerization products of a C to C unsaturated fatty acid per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product, said polymerization product having a molecular weight in the range of from about 300 to 2000, at a temperature in the range of from about 120 F. to about 400 *F. in the presence of an alcoholcontaining reaction solvent wherein the alcohol is an aliphatic alcohol having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and reacting the resulting reaction mixture with from about 0.8 to about 5.0 mols of an inorganic basic compound of a metal selected from the class consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about 120 F. to about 400 F. in the presence of said reaction solvent, said reaction solvent being present in the reaction mixture in an amount suflicient to provide from about 2 to about 15 mols of said aliphatic alcohol per mol of inorganic basic compound.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said normally liquid hydrocarbon is a butene polymer having a molecular weight of from about 150 to about 50,000.
6. As a new composition of matter, an oil-soluble detergent neutralized reaction product prepared by the process comprising reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F. to about 600 F., hydrolyzing the reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about 200 F. to about 500 F., heating the resulting reaction product in the presence of from about 0.5 to about 2.5 moles of boric acid per mole of phosphorus in said reaction product, from about 0.2 to about 6.0 mols of polymerization products of C to C unsaturated fatty acids per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product, said polymerization product having a molecular Weight in the range of from about 300 to about 2000 and an average molecular weight of at least 800, and a solvent selected from methanol and a mixture of methanol and water at a temperature in the range from about 140 F. to about 200 F, neutralizing the resulting heated mixture with from about 1.5 to about 4.0 mols of barium oxide per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about 140 to about 200 F., in the presence of said reaction solvent, said reaction solvent being present in the reaction mixture in an amount suflicient to provide from about 2 to about 15 mols of methanol per mol of barium oxide and filtering the resulting neutralized product to remove inorganic contaminants therefrom.
7. A lubricant composition comprising a major proportion of a normally liquid lubricating oil and from about .002 to about 15% of the composition of claim 1.
8. A lubricant composition comprising a major proportion of a normally liquid lubricating oil of from about .002 to about 15% of the composition of claim 4.
9. An addition agent concentrate for lubricating oils consisting essentially of a lubricating oil containing more than about 15% of the oil-soluble neutralized reaction product of claim 1, said concentrate being capable of dilution with a normally liquid lubricating oil to a concentration of said reaction product in the range of from about .002 to about 15%.
10. An addition agent concentrate for lubricating oils consisting essentially of a lubricating oil containing more than about 15 of the oil-soluble neutralized reaction product of claim 4, said concentrate being capable of dilu tion with a normally liquid lubricating oil to a concentration of said reaction product in the range of from about .002 to about 15 11. A process for making new and useful oil-soluble detergent neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products, which process comprises reacting a hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product, said hydrolyzed product having been prepared by reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% of a phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 600 F. and hydrolyzing at a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 500 F., with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 mols of boric acid per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product, from about 0.1 to about 10.0 mols of polymerization products of an unsaturated higher fatty acid per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product, said polymerization products having a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 2000, and from about 0.8 to about 5.0 mols of an inorganic basic compound per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about F. to about 400 F. in the presence of an alcohol-containing solvent wherein the alcohol is an aliphatic alcohol boiling below about 350 B, said inorganic basic compound being selected from the class consisting of the inorganic basic compounds of alkali metals and the inorganic basic compounds of alkaline earth metals and said alcohol-containing solvent providing from about 2 to about 15 mols of aliphatic alcohol per mol of inorganic basic compound.
12. A process for producing new and useful oil-soluble detergent neutralized phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction products, which process comprises reacting a hydrolyzed phosphorus sulfide-hydrocarbon reaction product, said hydrolyzed product having been prepared by reacting a normally liquid hydrocarbon with from about 1% to about 50% phosphorus sulfide at a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 600 F. and hydrolyzing at a temperature in the range of from about 200 to about 500 F., with from about 0.5 to about 2.5 mols of boric acid per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product, from about 0.1 to about 6.0 mols of the polymerization products of linoleic acid, said polymerization products having a molecular weight of between about 400 and 2000, and from about 1.5 to about 4.0 mols of barium oxide per mol of phosphorus in said reaction product at a temperature in the range of from about 120 F. to about 400 F. in the presence of a methanol reaction solvent selected from the class consisting of methanol and a mixture of methanol and water, said solvent being present in an amount sufficient to provide from about 2 to about 15 mols of methanol per mol of barium oxide.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,833,713 Lemmon et a1 May 6, 1958 2,883,339 Richardson Apr. 21, 1959 3,002,924 Sabol et al. Oct. 3, 1961
Claims (1)
1. AS A NEW COMPOSITION OF MATTER, A OIL-SOLUBLE DETERGENT NEUTRALIZED REACTION PRODUCT PREPARED BY THE PROCESS COMPRISING REACTING A NORMALLY LIQUID HYDROCARBON WITHH FROM ABOUT 1% TO ABOUT 50% OF A PHOSPHORUS SULFIDE AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF FROM ABOUT 200*F. TO ABOUT 00*F., HYDROLYZING THE RESULTING REACTION PRODUCT AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE O FROM ABOUT 200* F. TO ABOUT 500*F., REACTING THE RESULTING HYDROLYZED REACTION PRODUCT WITH FROM ABOUT 0.1 TO ABOUT 5.0 MOLS OF BORIC ACID PER MOL OF PHOSPHORUS IN SAID REACTION PRODUCT, FROM ABOUT 0.1 TO ABOUT 10.0 MOLS OF THE POLYMERIZATION PRODUCT OF UNSATURATED HIGHER FATTY ACIDS PER MOL OF PHOSPHROUS IN SAID REACTION PRODUCT, SAID POLYMERIZATION PRODUCT HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT IN THE RANGE OF 300 TO 2000, AND FROM ABOUT 0.8 TO ABOUT 5.0 MOLS OF AN INORGANIC BASIC COMPOUND PER MOL OF PHOSPHORUS IN SAID REACTION PRODUCT AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF FROM ABOUT 120*F. TO ABOUT 400*F. IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ALCOHOL-CONTAINING SOLVENT WHEREIN THE ALCOHOL IS AN ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL BOILING BELOW ABOUT 350*F., SAID INORGANIC BASIC COMPOUND BEING SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF INORGANIC BASIC COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS AND INORGANIC BASIC COMPOUNDS OF ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND SAID ALCOHOL-CONTAINING SOLVENT PROVIDING FROM ABOUT 2 TO ABOUT 15 MOLS OF ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL PER MOL OF INORGANIC BASIC COMPOUND.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US956A US3086941A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1960-01-07 | Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same |
US955A US3086940A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1960-01-07 | Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same |
FR848450A FR1281515A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1960-12-30 | Product of the reaction of a phosphorus sulphide and a hydrocarbon, usable for obtaining additives for lubricants |
DEST17313A DE1290647B (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1961-01-05 | lubricant |
LU39620D LU39620A1 (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1961-01-06 | |
GB685/61A GB903650A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1961-01-06 | Lubricant oil additives derived from a phosphorus sulphide-hydrocarbon reaction product and lubricants containing them |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US956A US3086941A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1960-01-07 | Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same |
US955A US3086940A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1960-01-07 | Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3086941A true US3086941A (en) | 1963-04-23 |
Family
ID=26668355
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US955A Expired - Lifetime US3086940A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1960-01-07 | Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same |
US956A Expired - Lifetime US3086941A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1960-01-07 | Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US955A Expired - Lifetime US3086940A (en) | 1960-01-07 | 1960-01-07 | Lubricant addition agents and lubricants containing same |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3086940A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1290647B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1281515A (en) |
GB (1) | GB903650A (en) |
LU (1) | LU39620A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3313727A (en) * | 1965-02-09 | 1967-04-11 | Chevron Res | Alkali metal borate e.p. lubricants |
US3928216A (en) * | 1971-05-27 | 1975-12-23 | Cooper & Co Ltd Edwin | Preparation of overbased magnesium lubricant additives |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2833713A (en) * | 1955-04-18 | 1958-05-06 | Standard Oil Co | Corrosion inhibited motor oils |
US2883339A (en) * | 1955-10-18 | 1959-04-21 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant compositions |
US3002924A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1961-10-03 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant additive and composition containing same |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2501731A (en) * | 1946-10-14 | 1950-03-28 | Union Oil Co | Modified lubricating oil |
US2736701A (en) * | 1952-04-22 | 1956-02-28 | Union Oil Co | Lubricating oil composition |
US2849398A (en) * | 1953-08-19 | 1958-08-26 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Mineral-base lubricating oils and methods for using same |
-
1960
- 1960-01-07 US US955A patent/US3086940A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1960-01-07 US US956A patent/US3086941A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1960-12-30 FR FR848450A patent/FR1281515A/en not_active Expired
-
1961
- 1961-01-05 DE DEST17313A patent/DE1290647B/en active Pending
- 1961-01-06 LU LU39620D patent/LU39620A1/xx unknown
- 1961-01-06 GB GB685/61A patent/GB903650A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2833713A (en) * | 1955-04-18 | 1958-05-06 | Standard Oil Co | Corrosion inhibited motor oils |
US2883339A (en) * | 1955-10-18 | 1959-04-21 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant compositions |
US3002924A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1961-10-03 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant additive and composition containing same |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3313727A (en) * | 1965-02-09 | 1967-04-11 | Chevron Res | Alkali metal borate e.p. lubricants |
US3928216A (en) * | 1971-05-27 | 1975-12-23 | Cooper & Co Ltd Edwin | Preparation of overbased magnesium lubricant additives |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3086940A (en) | 1963-04-23 |
FR1281515A (en) | 1962-01-12 |
DE1290647B (en) | 1969-08-21 |
LU39620A1 (en) | 1961-03-06 |
GB903650A (en) | 1962-08-15 |
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