US3084278A - Electron discharge devices - Google Patents

Electron discharge devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3084278A
US3084278A US860593A US86059359A US3084278A US 3084278 A US3084278 A US 3084278A US 860593 A US860593 A US 860593A US 86059359 A US86059359 A US 86059359A US 3084278 A US3084278 A US 3084278A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
electron
collector
electrode
interaction
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US860593A
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English (en)
Inventor
David H White
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
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Raytheon Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL258231D priority Critical patent/NL258231A/xx
Application filed by Raytheon Co filed Critical Raytheon Co
Priority to US860593A priority patent/US3084278A/en
Priority to GB37726/60A priority patent/GB953079A/en
Priority to DER29117A priority patent/DE1296269B/de
Priority to FR845771A priority patent/FR1275600A/fr
Priority to BE598021A priority patent/BE598021A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3084278A publication Critical patent/US3084278A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/46—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the backward travelling wave being utilised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/44—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electron discharge devices having crossed electric and magnetic fields, and more particularly to a new and improved electron gun collector for use in such devices.
  • An electron discharge device having crossed electric and magnetic fields comprises essentially an electron gun including a cathode and an accelerating anode ⁇ spaced from the cathode and maintained at a positive potential with respect thereto. Adjacent the electron gun is the main or active part of the tube which may comprise a periodic delay line anode Vor the like and a negative electrode or sole arranged oppositely from but adjacent to the anode.
  • the electron beam produced by the electron gun is caused to traverse the interaction space between the periodic delay line and sole under the combined iniiuence of a radial or normal electric field established between the periodic structure and the sole and a magnetic field transverse to the electric field and electron beam.
  • a collector electrode perpendicular to the direction of electron travel to collect the electrons in the electron beam which lalso ⁇ functions to render the beam non-reentrant in the case of a circular type tube.
  • the standard crossed field electron gun utilizes the cycloidal trajectories of electrons in crossed D.C. electric and magnetic lields to obtain a rectilinear beam in the interaction space.
  • This prior art structure is based on the knowledge that electrons which are subjected to mutually perpendicular, or crossed, electric and magnetic lields are caused to .traverse a trochoidal path with a r-ate of progression along the axis of the trochoid determined by the strength of the iields and the initial velocity of the electrons.
  • the electron will progress in the Z direction which is at right angles to both iields, that is to say, in the direction of the axis of the cycloid, at an average speed of one centimeter per microsecond.
  • the general object of the present invention is to reverse in a tube ⁇ of the type referred to hereinabove the operation of the standard crossed field electron gun at the collector electrode and to improve the operating eficiency of such tubes.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an improved electron gun ⁇ structure in a crossed iield tube.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a. crossed field tube having a high collector efficiency that may be simply and economically produced.
  • the invention may be defined as including an electron gun for electron discharge tubes having crossed electric and magnetic 3,084,278 Patented Apr. 2, 1963 ice fields and a depressed collector coextensive with and on approximately the same radius as, but electrically separated from the sole and an auxiliary electrode oppositely disposed from the collector electrode to cause the electron beam at the end of the interaction circuit to complete the cycloidal arch started at the gun region and to arrive at the collector with reduced velocity.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation partly in .cross isection of a linear device in accordance with the invention.
  • FlG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a circular device in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 wherein are represented diagrammatically a conventional housing 11 containing therein a thermionic emissive cathode 12, a heater 13, a battery 14 for supplying a current to the heater 13 to heat the cathode 12, an accelerating electrode 15 at a potential El supplied by battery 16, an anode 17 comprising a delay line at a potental E3 supplied by battery 18, a sole 19 maintained at a potential negative with respect to the anode 17 by battery 21, an auxiliary electrode 22 maintained at a potential equal to or greater than E1 such as, for example, by battery 23, and a collector electrode 24 located on approximately the saine radius as the cathode 12 and maintained at a potential equal to or positive with respect to the cathode 12 and the sole 19 by battery 25.
  • a collector electrode 24 located on approximately the saine radius as the cathode 12 and maintained at a potential equal to or positive with respect to the cathode 12 and the sole 19 by battery 25.
  • a magnetic ield l normal to the electric field is produced and is indicated 1n the drawing by the circles containing a cross. It is assumed for the purpose of explanation that the uniformity of the iields E and B is not materially disturbed by any edge effects or by thepresence of the cathode 12 or the collector ⁇ 24. Assuming further that the electrons are released at Zero velocity at the cathode 12, according to known principles, the electrons will travel in a trajectory such as that shown in the curve 26, which is a common cycloidal arch. The assumed conditions may readily be approximated in practice. In the gun region of the tube shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, the
  • trajectory of an electron leaving the center of the cathode 12 is given by:
  • the electron will travel in the Z direction with a velocity Ve given by Erl-IEA Bdz and with no motion in the Y direction.
  • the electron nds itself in aV Y directed D.C. electric field Y it will complete4 the cycloidal arch started in the gun'region, and arrive at the collector electrode .24, ⁇ the collectorysurface of which is located on approximately the same radius as the emiting surface of the cathode i2.
  • the auxiliary electrode-collector distance d3 may be ap- ⁇ proximately equal to the cathode-accelerating electrode distance d1.v
  • the collector electrode 24 and auxiliary electrode 2,2 ideally should be at some higher voltage to circular traveling wave tubes, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the tube of FIG. 2 includes an arcuate periodic anode structure 31 spaced from a concentrically disposed sole or principal electrode 32,10 form the usual interaction space 33.
  • the periodic anode structure 31 is of the interdigital type including a plurality of interdigital fingers 341spaced from a circumferential hack wall 35.
  • the invention is not limited to interdigital periodic kstr-,uotures.
  • theanode may be a periodically loaded waveguide or strapped vane structure.
  • the cathode 36 is mounted within an elongated slot 37 inthe sole.
  • An-accelerating4 electrode 38 is arranged opposite the cathode 36.
  • the electron beam after traversing-a one-half cycloidal orbit 39, is projected through the interaction space 33 along an arcuate path 41 sub-
  • the insulated auxiliary electrode 42 and lead .thereto is mounted in an elongated slot 43 in the circumference Vback wall and the collector 44 is mounted in an elongatedslot y45 in the sole opposite slot 43 Vand auxiliary electrode 42.
  • This structure results in a non-reentrant tube.
  • the previously required collector structure for a nonreentrant beam tube that formed a part of and extended from the back to a point adjacent the sole is not necessarytandisconsequently omitted.
  • a radial electric field is established between the periodic anode structure 31 and the sole 32 while a transverse magnetic iield is es- ⁇ tablished normal thereto, and in the plane of the paper.
  • One of thefpole pieces 46 of the magnetic field-producing means is/shown inFIG. 2.
  • a crossed-held traveling wave device having an elongated interaction circuit
  • the combination comprising: an electron-emitting cathode; a collector electrode; said interaction circuit being located intermediate said cathode and said collector electrode and said cathode and said collector electrode being oriented substantially parallel to extensions of said interaction circuit and energized to produce a given ratio of strengths of said crossed elds; for causing electrons emitted by said cathode to ,travel towardrand thereafter through said interaction circuit; and means, including an auxiliary electrode adjacent the collector end of said interaction circuit oppositely disposed from said collector electrode and en- 2.
  • a crossed-field traveling wave device having an .elongate interaction circuit the combination comprising: an electron-emitting cathode; a collector electrode; said interaction circuit being located intermediate said cathode and said collector electrode and said cathode and said collector electrode being oriented substantially parallel to ⁇ extensions of said interaction circuit and energized to produce a given ratio of strengths of said Ycrossed fields; for causing electrons emitted by said cathode to travel a cycloidal arch from said cathode to said interaction circuit,V through said interaction circuit and leave said interaction circuit in a direction substantially parallel to said collector electrode; and means, including an auxiliary electrode adjacent the collector end of said interaction circuit oppositely Vdisposed from said collector electrode and energized to produce a different ratio of strengths of said Vcrossed elds, whereby the said electrons-Will complete the cycloidal arch started at the cathode and arrive at the collector electrode with reduced kinetic energy.
  • a crossed-field traveling wave device having an elongated interaction circuit
  • the combination comprising: an electron-emitting cathode; a collector electrode; said ninteraction circuit being located intermediate said cathode and said collector electrode and said cathode and said collector electrode being oriented substantially parallel to extensions of said interaction circuit and energizedrto produce a given ratio of strengths of said crossed elds, said interaction circuit comprising an anode and a sole oppositely disposed from and negative with respect to said anode; for causing electrons emitted'by said cathode to travel a cycloidal arch from said cathode to said interaction circuit, through said interaction circuit and leave Vsaid interaction circuit in a direction substantially parallel to said collector electrode; and means, including an auxiliary electrode at a potential less than that of said anode adjacent the collectorend of said interaction cir- -cuit oppositely disposed from said collector electrode,
  • a traveling wave electron discharge device including a cathode space bounded in part by a cathode, an interaction space and an electron collecting space bounded in part by an electron collecting electrode; means producing magnetic fields B in said spaces directed transverse to the general motion of electrons in said spaces and means producing electric fields E in said spaces directed transverse to said magnetic ield, the ratio E/B in said interaction space being substantially greater than the ratio E/B in said cathode and said electron collecting spaces and means energizing said cathode and collecting electrode at the same potential.
  • a crossed-field traveling wave device having a slow Wave propagating structure and elongated electrode bounding an interaction space comprising a cathode emitting electrons at a given energy level at the end of said space, an electron collecting electrode at the other end of said circuit space at the same potential as said cathode, means producing transverse electric and magnetic fields of given ratio of strengths in said interaction space for compelling electrons to travel therethrough, an auxiliary electrode disposed opposite said collector electrode and energized to produce a different ratio of strengths of said crossed ields therebetween whereby electrons leaving said space are compelled by said crossed fields to strike said collector electrode at said given energy level.
  • a traveling Wave device having an elongated interaction circuit with an electron emitting cathode at one end and an electron collecting electrode at the other end of said circuit, means for compelling emitted electrons to travel in energy exchanging relation with waves propagating in said circuit and strike said collecting electrode at substantially the same energy level as electrons leaving said cathode comprising means energizing said cathode and collector at the same potential, means producing first transverse electric and magnetic fields in said interaction circuit for compelling electrons to travel therethrough and means producing second transverse electric and magnetic fields at the collector end of said circuit for compelling electrons leaving said circuit to strike said collector electrode at said same energy level the ratio of strengths of said first fields being dilerent from the ratio of strengths of said second fields.
  • a traveling wave device having a slow wave propagating structure and elongated electrode forming an interaction space, an electron emitting cathode at one end of said space and an electron collecting electrode at the other end of said space, means for compelling emitted electrons to travel through said space in energy exchanging relation with Waves propagating in said structure and strike said collecting electrode at substantially the same energy level as electrons leaving said cathode comprising means producing first transverse electric and magnetic fields in said interaction space and means producing second and third transverse electric and magnetic fields at the cathode and collector electrode ends of said space, respectively, whereby electrons leaving said cathode travel over part of a cycloidal path and enter said space and electrons leaving said space complete said cycloidal path and strike said collector electrode at said same energy level the ratio of strengths of said first fields being different from the ratio of strengths of said second elds and said third fields.
  • a crossed-field traveling wave device having an elongated interaction circuit, an electron emitting cathode at one end of said circuit, an electron collecting electrode at the other end of said circuit, means for compelling emitted electrons to travel in energy exchanging relation with waves propagating in said circuit and strike said collecting electrode at substantially the same energy level as electrons leaving said cathode comprising means energizing said cathode and collector electrode at the same potential, means producing first crossed electric and magnetic fields in said space and means producing different crossed electric and magnetic fields at the ends of said space the ratio of strengths of said irst elds being different from the ratio of strengths of said second fields.

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US860593A 1959-12-18 1959-12-18 Electron discharge devices Expired - Lifetime US3084278A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL258231D NL258231A (fr) 1959-12-18
US860593A US3084278A (en) 1959-12-18 1959-12-18 Electron discharge devices
GB37726/60A GB953079A (en) 1959-12-18 1960-11-02 Travelling wave tubes
DER29117A DE1296269B (de) 1959-12-18 1960-11-19 Lauffeldroehre mit gekreuzten statischen elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern
FR845771A FR1275600A (fr) 1959-12-18 1960-12-02 Dispositif à décharge électronique
BE598021A BE598021A (fr) 1959-12-18 1960-12-09 Dispositif à décharge électronique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US860593A US3084278A (en) 1959-12-18 1959-12-18 Electron discharge devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3084278A true US3084278A (en) 1963-04-02

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US (1) US3084278A (fr)
BE (1) BE598021A (fr)
DE (1) DE1296269B (fr)
GB (1) GB953079A (fr)
NL (1) NL258231A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3271609A (en) * 1962-01-16 1966-09-06 M O Valve Co Ltd Electron guns
US3273006A (en) * 1962-02-01 1966-09-13 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tube having a contoured anode collecting surface
US3325677A (en) * 1963-11-08 1967-06-13 Litton Prec Products Inc Depressed collector for crossed field travelling wave tubes

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2633505A (en) * 1949-02-12 1953-03-31 Csf Ultra-short wave transmitting and amplifying tube
US2730648A (en) * 1949-02-04 1956-01-10 Csf Travelling-wave tube
US2774913A (en) * 1951-05-31 1956-12-18 Csf Electron discharge tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields
US2888610A (en) * 1953-12-16 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
US3003119A (en) * 1958-02-12 1961-10-03 Csf Traveling wave tube oscillator

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2745983A (en) * 1949-06-10 1956-05-15 Csf Traveling wave tube

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2730648A (en) * 1949-02-04 1956-01-10 Csf Travelling-wave tube
US2633505A (en) * 1949-02-12 1953-03-31 Csf Ultra-short wave transmitting and amplifying tube
US2774913A (en) * 1951-05-31 1956-12-18 Csf Electron discharge tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields
US2888610A (en) * 1953-12-16 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
US3003119A (en) * 1958-02-12 1961-10-03 Csf Traveling wave tube oscillator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3271609A (en) * 1962-01-16 1966-09-06 M O Valve Co Ltd Electron guns
US3273006A (en) * 1962-02-01 1966-09-13 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tube having a contoured anode collecting surface
US3325677A (en) * 1963-11-08 1967-06-13 Litton Prec Products Inc Depressed collector for crossed field travelling wave tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL258231A (fr)
BE598021A (fr) 1961-03-31
DE1296269B (de) 1969-05-29
GB953079A (en) 1964-03-25

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