US3084228A - Piezo-electric stereo transducer - Google Patents

Piezo-electric stereo transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3084228A
US3084228A US24079A US2407960A US3084228A US 3084228 A US3084228 A US 3084228A US 24079 A US24079 A US 24079A US 2407960 A US2407960 A US 2407960A US 3084228 A US3084228 A US 3084228A
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United States
Prior art keywords
elements
piezo
electric
angle
stylus
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US24079A
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English (en)
Inventor
Shiga Takeo
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Nippon Columbia Co Ltd
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Nippon Columbia Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/04—Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus
    • H04R17/08—Gramophone pick-ups using a stylus; Recorders using a stylus signals being recorded or played back by vibration of a stylus in two orthogonal directions simultaneously

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a piezo-electric transducer device and more particularly to such a transducer device for performing an electromechanic transformation based upon the piezo-electric phenomenon of a piezo-electric crystal such as Rochelle salt.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a piezo-electric transducer device in which a piezo-electric element which is cut out from a piezo-electric crystal with a certain angle with respect to a crystal axis is subjected to bending and torsional vibrations to obtain an electrical voltage which is proportional to the sum or the difference of the vibrations.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a piezoelectric transducer device in which a piezo-electric element which is cut out from a piezo-electric crystal with a certain angle with respect to a crystal axis is subjected to two kinds of oscillatory voltage to obtain two kinds of mechanical vibrations which are respectively proportional to the sum and difference of the oscillatory voltages.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a Bitnorph type piezo-electric transducer device which is available to cut a so-called 45-45 system stereo record or to a pickup for reproducing sounds from a 45-45 system stereo record.
  • a still further object of this invention is to provide a piezo-electric transducer device in which the transformation characteristics can be improved by using such a Bimorph.
  • piezoelectric voltage a shearing force applied to a piezo-electric element and a voltage produced thereby which is referred to as piezoelectric voltagehereinafter.
  • MG. 2 is a plan view seen along the X-axis in FIG. 1 for illustrating the same relationship as in FIG, 1.
  • FIGS is an electrical explanatory view of a piezo-electric element which is arranged to produce a piezo-electric voltage due to the shearing force.
  • PEG. 4- is a perspective view of a piezo-electric transducer'device, byway of example, forming a Bimorph according to this invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatical representation for illustrating a so-called -45 system stereo recording.
  • PEG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of a pickup according to this invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a piezo-electric body 1 which is generallyl'refe'r red toes a Bimorph composed of oblong piezo-electric eleme'hts 1a and 1b.
  • the angle constructed by the Z-axis and-the longitudinal axis AA of the oblong elerrient's ia and 1b is the angle 0 which satisfies the above 'n'ientiond condit-ions.
  • the Bimorph is made.
  • one end of the Bimorph in the axis AA' is secured to a stationary part, while oscillatory moment and up and downward vibration or bending are applied to the other end of the Bimorph as shown by the arrows in the drawing.
  • the piezo-electric elements 1a and 1b will be subjected, to the forces corresponding to E, and F Accordingly, if the angles 0 are so selected as to satisfy the conditions above referred to, one of the ele rnents will produce the voltage which is proportional to the sum of the magnitudes of the moment and bending and' the other will produce the voltage which is propor tional to the difference between the magnitude of the moment and that of the bending.
  • the above mentioned Bimorph type piezo-electric element 1 will be adapted for a stereo pickup.
  • the perpendicular and horizontal vibrations of a stylus are simultaneously applied to the element 1 so that the vibrations are transmitted to the piezo-ele'ctric element as the bending and torsional forces, if an adequate transmission means are adopted between the elements and the stylus.
  • the ele merit In and lb will produce the voltages which are respectively proportional tothe sum and the dilferenceof the perpendicular and horizontal'vibrations, if the angles Q are so selected as tosatisfy the above mentioned conditions.
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagrammatioal representation for the relationship between a groove of. the stereo record and a stylus of a so-called 45-45 stereo system the groove consisting of the left groove; pant 7a and the right groove part 7b whichare-respectively inclined by 45 degrees with respectto the surface of the record.
  • the left, and the right groove parts have. respectively two kinds of the signals which are recorded in the grooves with the stereo relationship.
  • A- stylus vibrates in the vertical and horizontal directions when itis guided by the groove.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of such a stereo pickup embodying this invention.
  • 9 illustrates generally a cartridge.
  • 11 is a tubular insulation case which is covered with a cover 10 and which has an opening 13 communicating with a hollow chamber 12 and the atmosphere,
  • a Bimorph type piezoelectric element 1 In the chamber 12 is so arranged a Bimorph type piezoelectric element 1 according to this invention that the xface of the Bimorph is substantially in the horizontal plane and the A- A' axis is substantially parallel to the axis of the cartridge 9.
  • an armature 14 To the front end of the Bimorph 1 is mounted an armature 14 which is shaped as substantially an isosceles triangle in such a manner that the Bimorph is inserted into a window 15 formed on the armature and that the Bimorph is arranged on the plane perpendicular to the-axis 1 ⁇ -A of the Bimorph 1, as shown inFIG. 7.
  • the apex of the armature 14 has a recess 16 which is preferably formed as reverse V as shown in FIG.
  • the Bimorph type piezoelectric element 1 issuppor ted by dampers 18 ofany suit-. able resilient material which are pressed on the x-face of the element; substantially on the horizontal plane.
  • the supporting piece 17 is preferably made of a sheet of synthet'ic resin such as nylon sheet having a suitable resilient property.
  • the supporting piece has a ⁇ fork shaped end to which the end of the Bimorph 1 is inserted and adhered thereto by suitable binder as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the other end of the supporting piece is preferably supported and compressed by the two parts of the case 11.
  • At the rear end of the case 11 is provided a pair of leading pins 19a and 1917 which are respectively connected to the electrodes 4a and 4b ofthe element 1a and 1b respectively through lead Wires 20a and 20b.
  • the common electrode 5 of the Bimorph type piezo-electric element 1 is connected, through a lead wire 21, to a conductive connection ring 22 which is attached to the rear end of the case 11.
  • the lead wire 21 is connected to a pickup arm which is connected to the pins 19a and 1%.
  • a stylus supporting member 22 On the lower part of the case 11 is mounted a stylus supporting member 22 to which one end of a resilient bar 24 is secured by a bifurcated element 25 and a screw 27 passing therethrough.
  • the other end of the resilient bar 24 is connected to a stylus bar 23 which is supported by the armature 14. 29 is a damper supporting the stylus bar 23.
  • the stylus bar 23 is preferably made of a tubular member which is made of a comparatively hard metal and which has a small diameter.
  • the stylus bar has a flat shaped portion 26, at its free end to which a stylus 8 is held.
  • the resilient bar 24 is preferably made of a resilient string such as a piano string one end of which is inserted and secured by a suitable binder to the stylus bar 23.
  • the bifurcated element 25' is secured to the conductive connection ring 22 by the screw 27 as already referred
  • the Bimorph element 1 is arranged in a cartridge 9 as noted above, with one :of the elements having an angle ranging from 0 to 45 between its axis A-A and its Z-axis, and the other of the elements may have an angle of 90+(0 to 45). For example, one may have an angle of 22.5 and the other (90+22.5). It is more practical, however, to make a Bimorph according to this invention in which one element has a polarization angle with respect to the long dimension of the element which is equal and opposite with respect to the polarization angle of the other element to which it is laminated.
  • V and V respectively represent the output voltages produced across the pin 19a and the ring 22 due to the horizontal and vertical vibration of the stylus for one element 1a and V and V those for the other element 112
  • the two kinds of the electrical output are stereo signals.
  • a piezo-electric element made of Rochelle salt has comparatively lower resonant frequency (of the order of 5,000 or 7,000 cycles per second) according to its shape when adopted for a pickup.
  • the transmission mechanism In order to transmit the displacement or vibration of a stylus which is fitted to a groove cut in the direction of 45 with respect to the record surface to piezo-electric elements through an armature, it is required that the transmission mechanism have the same strength and the same elasticity with respect to the vertical and horizontal vibrations within the desired frequency band. To this end, it is also required that the resonant frequency of the vibration system is selected possibly higher for a higher frequency range and the mechanical resistance thereof is selected possibly lesser for a lower frequency range. V
  • the transmission is needed to actuate at the same conditions in the case of applying vertical and horizontal vibrations thereto. In this case undesirable resonant parts must beeffectively damped.
  • the stylus rod 23 is made of a thin pipe of comparatively hard and light metal such as Duralumin as has been described.
  • the stylus 8 is attached to the flat portion '26 of the stylus rod.
  • a piano string is used as the resilient rod 24 which is connected to the other end of the stylus rod 23.
  • the stylus rod 23 is shortened. Then the resonant frequency of the stylus system becomes higher due to the large strength and small weight of the metal rod and the mechanical resistance of the vibration system for a lower frequency region is reduced due to the small diameter of the elastic rod 24, preferably the piano string which is connected to the stylus rod 23.
  • the frequency characteristics can also be adjusted by changing the connection position of the stylus rod 23 and the armature 14.
  • the desired part of the armature 14 can be pressed and deformed longitudinally or transversely to change the vibration mode of the deformed portion.
  • a heretofore known piezo-estitutionent in a cartridge has no supporting piece 17 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Accordingly, when the displacement or the vibration of the stylus 8 due to the sound groove is transmitted to the piezo-electric element through the armature 14 the free end of the element will be apt to vibrate following the horizontal movement of the stylus. Hence the torsional movement can not well be transmitted so that a desired faithful electrical output can not be obtained.
  • the free end of the element 1 is supported with a certain tension by the supporting piece 17 to the desired portion of the case so that the element 1 will not be apt to vibrate with the same movement as the horizontal movement of the stylus.
  • Bimorph and a single element can be applied for a device which can perform electro-mechanical transformation in the form of a matrix.
  • the angle is so selected that the output voltage is proportional to the'sum of the difference of the two external forces applied to the piezoelectric element.
  • the angle 0 is so selected that the output voltage is proportional to n(q+r) or to m(q-r), when q and r respectively represent two external forces and n denotes a transfer constant between the force and the voltage.
  • n(q+ar) or n (q-ar) is obtained, where oz denotes a proportion constant between the forces q and r.
  • the two external forces include not only the perpendicular force F, and shearing force F applied to the element, but also forces which are component forces of a'force applied to the element and which have been designated F and F When such two forces are applied to the element, it produces an output voltage which is proportional to the sum or the difference of the external forces.
  • a piezo-electric transducer device comprising two piezo el'ect'ric elements integrally laminated to each other 8.. with their two major axes being in the same plane, a first electrode secured at the interface between the lamimated-elements, a pair'of electrodes secured to theopposite faces of said elements in parallel spaced relation to said first electrode, means freely supporting one end of said laminated elements, each of said elements being responsive to both bending and'tor'sional forces applied thereto, driving means including a phonograph stylus arranged to be received in a -45 record groove, said driving" means being mechanically coupled to the freely supported ends of said elements to provide bending and torsionalforces along the entire exposed surface of said laminated elements, the angle of polarization ofone of said elements with respect to the major. axis of said element being different from the angle of polarization of the other of said elements, and defining an angle 0 with its major'axis which satisfies the following equation when bending and tors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
US24079A 1960-02-06 1960-04-22 Piezo-electric stereo transducer Expired - Lifetime US3084228A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP392060 1960-02-06

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US (1) US3084228A (fr)
DE (1) DE1422054A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB958201A (fr)
NL (2) NL120979C (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2061592A1 (fr) * 1969-07-25 1971-06-25 Bendix Corp
US3733425A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-05-15 K Chaki Pick up device for stringed instrument
US4344010A (en) * 1979-10-19 1982-08-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Acceleration resistant combination of opposite-handed piezoelectric crystals
US4363993A (en) * 1979-12-12 1982-12-14 Sony Corporation Piezoelectric electro-mechanical bimorph transducer
US4631436A (en) * 1983-09-29 1986-12-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Transducer plate for piezoelectric transducers
US4769570A (en) * 1986-04-07 1988-09-06 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Piezo-electric device
US4954811A (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-09-04 Pennwalt Corporation Penetration sensor
US6182340B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-02-06 Face International Corp. Method of manufacturing a co-fired flextensional piezoelectric transformer
US20130112011A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-09 Seiko Epson Corporation Sensor element, force detecting device, robot and sensor device

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2222056A (en) * 1938-04-22 1940-11-19 Brush Dev Co Piezoelectric device
US2703343A (en) * 1951-02-17 1955-03-01 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Phonograph pickup
US2786899A (en) * 1951-08-02 1957-03-26 Sonotone Corp Piezoelectric transducers
US2848559A (en) * 1955-02-03 1958-08-19 Astatic Corp Universal phonograph pick-up cartridge
FR1199831A (fr) * 1957-07-15 1959-12-16 Deutsche Grammophon Gmbh Pick-up permettant la reproduction simultanée d'enregistrements latéral et en profondeur
US2962290A (en) * 1956-10-05 1960-11-29 Shure Bros Phonograph pick-up

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2222056A (en) * 1938-04-22 1940-11-19 Brush Dev Co Piezoelectric device
US2703343A (en) * 1951-02-17 1955-03-01 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Phonograph pickup
US2786899A (en) * 1951-08-02 1957-03-26 Sonotone Corp Piezoelectric transducers
US2848559A (en) * 1955-02-03 1958-08-19 Astatic Corp Universal phonograph pick-up cartridge
US2962290A (en) * 1956-10-05 1960-11-29 Shure Bros Phonograph pick-up
FR1199831A (fr) * 1957-07-15 1959-12-16 Deutsche Grammophon Gmbh Pick-up permettant la reproduction simultanée d'enregistrements latéral et en profondeur
GB850043A (en) * 1957-07-15 1960-09-28 Deutsche Grammophon Gmbh Improvements in or relating to gramophone pick-ups

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2061592A1 (fr) * 1969-07-25 1971-06-25 Bendix Corp
US3733425A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-05-15 K Chaki Pick up device for stringed instrument
US4344010A (en) * 1979-10-19 1982-08-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Acceleration resistant combination of opposite-handed piezoelectric crystals
US4363993A (en) * 1979-12-12 1982-12-14 Sony Corporation Piezoelectric electro-mechanical bimorph transducer
US4631436A (en) * 1983-09-29 1986-12-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Transducer plate for piezoelectric transducers
US4769570A (en) * 1986-04-07 1988-09-06 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Piezo-electric device
US4862030A (en) * 1986-04-07 1989-08-29 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Piezo-electric device
US4954811A (en) * 1988-11-29 1990-09-04 Pennwalt Corporation Penetration sensor
US6182340B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-02-06 Face International Corp. Method of manufacturing a co-fired flextensional piezoelectric transformer
US20130112011A1 (en) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-09 Seiko Epson Corporation Sensor element, force detecting device, robot and sensor device
US9102067B2 (en) * 2011-11-08 2015-08-11 Seiko Epson Corporation Sensor element, force detecting device, robot and sensor device

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Publication number Publication date
GB958201A (en) 1964-05-21
DE1422054A1 (de) 1968-10-10
NL251123A (fr)
NL120979C (fr)

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