US3082174A - Method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter and getter made by this method - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter and getter made by this method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3082174A US3082174A US68358A US6835860A US3082174A US 3082174 A US3082174 A US 3082174A US 68358 A US68358 A US 68358A US 6835860 A US6835860 A US 6835860A US 3082174 A US3082174 A US 3082174A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- getter
- finely
- discharge tube
- mixture
- tungsten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J7/14—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01J7/18—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
- H01J7/183—Composition or manufacture of getters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/02—Details
- H01J17/22—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube
- H01J17/24—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
Definitions
- Our invention relates to a method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter and to a getter made by this method.
- the method according to the invention involves mixing a hydride of gettering metal with one or more other metals, and pressing the mixture into a suitable form.
- gettering metals such as zirconium have been mixed with aluminum, silicon or beryllium, to whichone or more metal powders are added (if desired) which are capable of reacting with these latter substances while developing heat so that an easy activation is possible
- the absorbing capacity of all these getter-s at room temperature is only a fraction of the theoretically possible gettering action of the zirconium. This disadvantage can be partially avoided by employing finely-divided zirconium.
- very fine zirconium powder also has the disadvantage that it absorbs considerable quantities of gas when processed in air. It is, therefore, necessary to degas this getter in the discharge tube, in which a strong sinter' ing together occurs and the favorable gettering properties are partially lost. Furthermore, the processing, by machine, of very fine powder to form tablets or pills of the required size is substantially impossible. Noreover, in the case, the processing of fine powder is not without danger, since it is liable to spontaneous ignition.
- Another object of our invention is to provide a process of manufacturing a getter in suitable form for an electric discharge tube.
- Still another object of our invention i to provide a method of forming zirconium containing material into a form suitable for use in an electric discharge tube.
- Yet another object of our invention is to provide a getter for an electric discharge tube employing zirconium in finely-divided form.
- Yet another object of our invention is to provide a method of making a getter for an electric discharge tube in which zirconium hydride in finely-divided form is mixed with tungsten in finely-divided form and processed to form a getter of suitable form for an electric discharge tube.
- a hydride of a gettering metal such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and the like, or alloys of such metals in finely-divided form, i.e. the particles are preferably less than in diameter
- a refractory metal powder such as tungsten of a considerably smaller grain size in a weight ratio of approximately 2:3. From this mixture blocks are compressed having a weight corresponding to many tablets or pills, which blocks then are granulated and the grains, of which the diameters are from approximately 0.1 to
- the pills or tablets are compressed in a carrying band consisting of iron, nickel-plated iron, stainless steel, or the like.
- the gettering material in pill-form or tablet-form it may also be compressed in an elongated or annular channel.
- the powder sieved after granulating may again be used for compressing blocks.
- the getter according to the invention then is ac tivated in a discharge tube by heating it at a temperature of from 700 to 900 C., the developing hydrogen being pumped away for the greater part; then the discharge tube is sealed.
- Grains of zirconium hydride of approximately 2,4.5 were mixed with one and a half times as much tungsten powder of grains of approximately 1a, while so much nickel powder was added to this mixture that the quantity thereof amounted to 5% of the whole.
- the nickel powder was carbouylnickel with particles in conglomcrates which did not exceed approximately 4 microns. Then quantities of 109 g. of the mixture were compressed to cylinders under a pressure of 30 tons. These blocks were then ground after which the fraction of 0.125 to 0.6 mm. was sieved and transported to a tableting machine which compressed 50 mg. tablets into a nickel plated iron tape.
- the getter was inserted into an electric discharge tube and heated to a temperature of about 800 C. for less than a minute. It should be noted, however, that a longer heating time of, for instance, a few minutes will not disadvantageously influence the gas-absorbing properties.
- the gas-absorbing capacity at room temperature for hydrogen amounted to more than half of that theoretically possible. For carbon monoxide, nitrogen and oxygen, these values at room temperature were lower, but they rose considerably as the temperature increased to 200 to 300 C., at which temperature absorbed hydrogen was not yet given off.
- a very favorable property of the thus manufactured getter is the possibility of boiling the tablets pressed into the carrier in distilled water together with, for example, a whole electrode arrangement of a discharge tube whichin connection with the impurities occurring when mounting the electrodes (may be necessary).
- the properties of the getter do not change at all by the boiling.
- a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube consisting essentially of a compact body constituted of granules having an average diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm, each of said granules being composed of a mixture of a hydride of a getter metal selected from the group consisting of Zirconium, hafnium, titanium and J alloys thereof in finely-divided form having a particle size less than about 5g, and tungsten having a particle size smaller than that of the getter metal hydride, the gettertype metal hydride and the tungsten being present in a weight ratio of about 2:3.
- a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube consisting essentially of a compact body constituted of granules having an average diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm, each of said granules being composed of a mixture of a hydride of a getter metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, hafnium, titanium and alloys thereof in finely-divided form having particle size less than about 5 1., and tungsten in finely-divided form having a particle size smaller than that of the gettertype metal hydride, said mixture further including about 5% by weight of finely-divided nickel, the getter-type metal and the tungsten being present in a Weight ratio of about 2:3.
- a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube consisting essentially of a compact body constituted of granules having an average diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm., each of said granules being composed of a mixture of finely-divided zirconium hydride having a particle size less than about 5n and finely-divided tungsten having a particle size less than about 1 in a weight ratio of about 2:3 and about 5% by weight of finely-divided nickel.
- a method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube comprising the steps forming a mixture of a hydride of a getter-type metal in finely-divided form selected from the group consisting of zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and alloys thereof having a particle size less than about 5a, and tungsten in finely-divided form and having a smaller particle size than the getter-type metal hydride, said getter-type metal and said tungsten being in a weight ratio in said mixture of about 2:3, compressing said mixture into a body, comminuting said body into grains having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm., compressing said grains into a body of given size and weight for use in the electric discharge tube and the like.
- a method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube comprising the steps, forming a mixture of a hydride of a getter-type metal in finely-divided form selected from the group consisting of zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and alloys thereof having a particle size less than about 5 and tungsten in finely-divided form and having a smaller particle size than the getter-type metal hydride, said mixture also including about 5% by weight of finely-divided nickel, said gettertype metal and said tungsten being in a weight ratio in said mixture of about 2:3, compressing said mixture into a body, comminuting said body into grains having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm., and compressing said grains into a body of given size and weight for use in the electric discharge tube and the like.
- a method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube comprising the steps, forming a mixture of finely-divided zirconium hydride having a particle size less than about 5a and finelydivided tungsten having a particle size of about la in a Weight ratio of about 2:3, adding about 5% by weight of nickel powder to the mixture, compressing the latter mixture into a body, comminuting said body into grains having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm., and compressing said grains into a body of given size and weight for use in the electric discharge tube and the like.
Description
United States atent Fire METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A NQN EVAPG RATHNG GETTER AND GETTER MADE BY THIS METHGD Hendrik Johannes Reinierus Perdijlrand .laeobus .loannes Nicolaas Stouten, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Nov. 10, 1960, Ser. No. 63,358
Claims priority, application Netherlands Nov. 17, 1159 6 Claims. (til. 252-l81.6)
Our invention relates to a method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter and to a getter made by this method. In particular, the method according to the invention involves mixing a hydride of gettering metal with one or more other metals, and pressing the mixture into a suitable form.
While gettering metals such as zirconium have been mixed with aluminum, silicon or beryllium, to whichone or more metal powders are added (if desired) which are capable of reacting with these latter substances while developing heat so that an easy activation is possible, the absorbing capacity of all these getter-s at room temperature is only a fraction of the theoretically possible gettering action of the zirconium. This disadvantage can be partially avoided by employing finely-divided zirconium.
As the grain size of zirconium is made smaller, the maximum gas-absorbing capacity is reached at lower temperatures. This is of advantage for use in normal amplifier tubes, since in these tubes generally no parts are heated to a high temperature during operation, the cathode excepted.
However, very fine zirconium powder also has the disadvantage that it absorbs considerable quantities of gas when processed in air. It is, therefore, necessary to degas this getter in the discharge tube, in which a strong sinter' ing together occurs and the favorable gettering properties are partially lost. Furthermore, the processing, by machine, of very fine powder to form tablets or pills of the required size is substantially impossible. Noreover, in the case, the processing of fine powder is not without danger, since it is liable to spontaneous ignition.
It is an object of our invention to provide an improved getter for an electric discharge tube.
Another object of our invention is to provide a process of manufacturing a getter in suitable form for an electric discharge tube.
Still another object of our invention i to provide a method of forming zirconium containing material into a form suitable for use in an electric discharge tube.
Yet another object of our invention is to provide a getter for an electric discharge tube employing zirconium in finely-divided form.
And another object of our invention is to provide a method of making a getter for an electric discharge tube in which zirconium hydride in finely-divided form is mixed with tungsten in finely-divided form and processed to form a getter of suitable form for an electric discharge tube.
These and further objects of our invention will appear as the specification progresses.
In accordance with our invention We mix a hydride of a gettering metal such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and the like, or alloys of such metals in finely-divided form, i.e. the particles are preferably less than in diameter, with a refractory metal powder such as tungsten of a considerably smaller grain size in a weight ratio of approximately 2:3. From this mixture blocks are compressed having a weight corresponding to many tablets or pills, which blocks then are granulated and the grains, of which the diameters are from approximately 0.1 to
approximately 0.5 mm., are then compressed to tablets or pills of the required weight or in a container of the required shape.
This method makes it possible to use rather coarse powder in the tablet-making machine so that jamming of the punches will not easily occur. No binders are used. In general, the pills or tablets are compressed in a carrying band consisting of iron, nickel-plated iron, stainless steel, or the like. Instead of using the gettering material in pill-form or tablet-form, it may also be compressed in an elongated or annular channel. The powder sieved after granulating may again be used for compressing blocks. The getter according to the invention then is ac tivated in a discharge tube by heating it at a temperature of from 700 to 900 C., the developing hydrogen being pumped away for the greater part; then the discharge tube is sealed.
Because when heating the compressed tablets rapidly, dropping or breaking out of the container may occur by too rapid a development of hydrogen, it i preferable according to the invention to add to the mixture 5 to 15% of finely-divided nickel powder, in order to prevent this drawback. The activity of the getter is hardly influenced by the presence of the nickel.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the following example:
Grains of zirconium hydride of approximately 2,4.5 were mixed with one and a half times as much tungsten powder of grains of approximately 1a, while so much nickel powder was added to this mixture that the quantity thereof amounted to 5% of the whole. The nickel powder was carbouylnickel with particles in conglomcrates which did not exceed approximately 4 microns. Then quantities of 109 g. of the mixture were compressed to cylinders under a pressure of 30 tons. These blocks were then ground after which the fraction of 0.125 to 0.6 mm. was sieved and transported to a tableting machine which compressed 50 mg. tablets into a nickel plated iron tape.
The getter was inserted into an electric discharge tube and heated to a temperature of about 800 C. for less than a minute. It should be noted, however, that a longer heating time of, for instance, a few minutes will not disadvantageously influence the gas-absorbing properties. The gas-absorbing capacity at room temperature for hydrogen amounted to more than half of that theoretically possible. For carbon monoxide, nitrogen and oxygen, these values at room temperature were lower, but they rose considerably as the temperature increased to 200 to 300 C., at which temperature absorbed hydrogen was not yet given off.
A very favorable property of the thus manufactured getter is the possibility of boiling the tablets pressed into the carrier in distilled water together with, for example, a whole electrode arrangement of a discharge tube whichin connection with the impurities occurring when mounting the electrodes (may be necessary). The properties of the getter do not change at all by the boiling.
While we have described our invention in connection with specific examples and applications thereof, We do not wish to be limited to those examples as other modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The invention is defined by the appended claims which should be construed as broadly as possibly in view of the prior art.
What is claimed is:
1. A non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube consisting essentially of a compact body constituted of granules having an average diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm, each of said granules being composed of a mixture of a hydride of a getter metal selected from the group consisting of Zirconium, hafnium, titanium and J alloys thereof in finely-divided form having a particle size less than about 5g, and tungsten having a particle size smaller than that of the getter metal hydride, the gettertype metal hydride and the tungsten being present in a weight ratio of about 2:3.
2. A non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube consisting essentially of a compact body constituted of granules having an average diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm, each of said granules being composed of a mixture of a hydride of a getter metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, hafnium, titanium and alloys thereof in finely-divided form having particle size less than about 5 1., and tungsten in finely-divided form having a particle size smaller than that of the gettertype metal hydride, said mixture further including about 5% by weight of finely-divided nickel, the getter-type metal and the tungsten being present in a Weight ratio of about 2:3.
3. A non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube consisting essentially of a compact body constituted of granules having an average diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm., each of said granules being composed of a mixture of finely-divided zirconium hydride having a particle size less than about 5n and finely-divided tungsten having a particle size less than about 1 in a weight ratio of about 2:3 and about 5% by weight of finely-divided nickel.
4. A method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube comprising the steps forming a mixture of a hydride of a getter-type metal in finely-divided form selected from the group consisting of zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and alloys thereof having a particle size less than about 5a, and tungsten in finely-divided form and having a smaller particle size than the getter-type metal hydride, said getter-type metal and said tungsten being in a weight ratio in said mixture of about 2:3, compressing said mixture into a body, comminuting said body into grains having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm., compressing said grains into a body of given size and weight for use in the electric discharge tube and the like.
5. A method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube comprising the steps, forming a mixture of a hydride of a getter-type metal in finely-divided form selected from the group consisting of zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and alloys thereof having a particle size less than about 5 and tungsten in finely-divided form and having a smaller particle size than the getter-type metal hydride, said mixture also including about 5% by weight of finely-divided nickel, said gettertype metal and said tungsten being in a weight ratio in said mixture of about 2:3, compressing said mixture into a body, comminuting said body into grains having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm., and compressing said grains into a body of given size and weight for use in the electric discharge tube and the like.
6. A method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter for an electric discharge tube comprising the steps, forming a mixture of finely-divided zirconium hydride having a particle size less than about 5a and finelydivided tungsten having a particle size of about la in a Weight ratio of about 2:3, adding about 5% by weight of nickel powder to the mixture, compressing the latter mixture into a body, comminuting said body into grains having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm., and compressing said grains into a body of given size and weight for use in the electric discharge tube and the like.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,958,967 Kniepen May 15, 1934 2,855,368 Perdijk, et al. Oct. 7, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS 978,830 France Nov. 29, 1950
Claims (1)
1. A NON-EVAPORATING GETTER FOR AN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A COMPACT BODY CONSTITUTED OF GRANULES HAVING AN AVERAGE DIAMETER OF ABOUT 0.1 TO 0.5 MM., EACH OF SAID GRANULES BEING COMPOSED OF A MIXTURE OF A HYDRIDE OF A GETTER METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ZIRCONIUM, HAFNIUM, TITANIUM AND ALLOYS THEREOF IN FINELY-DIVIDED FORM HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE LESS THAN ABOUT 5U, AND TUNGSTEN HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE SMALLER THAN THAT OF THE GETTER METAL HYDRIDE, THE GETTERTYPE METAL HYDRIDE AND THE TUNGSTEN BEING PRESENT IN A WEIGHT RATIO OF ABOUT 2:3.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL245463 | 1959-11-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3082174A true US3082174A (en) | 1963-03-19 |
Family
ID=19752035
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US68358A Expired - Lifetime US3082174A (en) | 1959-11-17 | 1960-11-10 | Method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter and getter made by this method |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3082174A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH407343A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1152485B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB964105A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3187885A (en) * | 1961-11-21 | 1965-06-08 | Philips Corp | Getter |
| US3898125A (en) * | 1971-12-08 | 1975-08-05 | Gen Electric | Nuclear fuel element containing strips of an alloyed Zr, Ti and Ni getter material |
| US3899392A (en) * | 1971-12-08 | 1975-08-12 | Gen Electric | Nuclear fuel element containing particles of an alloyed Zr, Ti and Ni getter material |
| US4118542A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1978-10-03 | Wall Colmonoy Corporation | Controlled atmosphere and vacuum processes |
| US20060197428A1 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2006-09-07 | Takeshi Tonegawa | Electron devices with non-evaporation-type getters and method for manufacturing the same |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1958967A (en) * | 1931-10-22 | 1934-05-15 | Allg Elek Tatz Ges | Electron discharge tube and method of making same |
| FR978830A (en) * | 1948-02-25 | 1951-04-18 | Rca Corp | Zirconium Coating Improvements for Electronic Discharge Devices |
| US2855368A (en) * | 1953-09-30 | 1958-10-07 | Philips Corp | Method of producing a non-vaporizing getter |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL93264C (en) * | 1953-09-30 |
-
1960
- 1960-11-10 US US68358A patent/US3082174A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1960-11-14 CH CH1274260A patent/CH407343A/en unknown
- 1960-11-14 DE DEN19186A patent/DE1152485B/en active Pending
- 1960-11-14 GB GB39018/60A patent/GB964105A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1958967A (en) * | 1931-10-22 | 1934-05-15 | Allg Elek Tatz Ges | Electron discharge tube and method of making same |
| FR978830A (en) * | 1948-02-25 | 1951-04-18 | Rca Corp | Zirconium Coating Improvements for Electronic Discharge Devices |
| US2855368A (en) * | 1953-09-30 | 1958-10-07 | Philips Corp | Method of producing a non-vaporizing getter |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3187885A (en) * | 1961-11-21 | 1965-06-08 | Philips Corp | Getter |
| US3898125A (en) * | 1971-12-08 | 1975-08-05 | Gen Electric | Nuclear fuel element containing strips of an alloyed Zr, Ti and Ni getter material |
| US3899392A (en) * | 1971-12-08 | 1975-08-12 | Gen Electric | Nuclear fuel element containing particles of an alloyed Zr, Ti and Ni getter material |
| US4118542A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1978-10-03 | Wall Colmonoy Corporation | Controlled atmosphere and vacuum processes |
| US20060197428A1 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2006-09-07 | Takeshi Tonegawa | Electron devices with non-evaporation-type getters and method for manufacturing the same |
| EP1696451A3 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2008-03-12 | Futaba Corporation | Electron devices with non-evaporation-type setters and methods for manufacturing the same |
| US7586260B2 (en) | 2005-02-21 | 2009-09-08 | Futaba Corporation | Electron devices with non-evaporation-type getters and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN1848352B (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2011-02-09 | 双叶电子工业株式会社 | Electron devices and methods for manufacturing the same, degasser and handling method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1152485B (en) | 1963-08-08 |
| GB964105A (en) | 1964-07-15 |
| CH407343A (en) | 1966-02-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3203901A (en) | Method of manufacturing zirconiumaluminum alloy getters | |
| JPS6133613B2 (en) | ||
| WO1997029503A1 (en) | Combination of materials for the low temperature triggering of the activation of getter materials and getter devices containing the same | |
| US3923933A (en) | Process for preparing sintered uranium dioxide grains | |
| US2855368A (en) | Method of producing a non-vaporizing getter | |
| US3082174A (en) | Method of manufacturing a non-evaporating getter and getter made by this method | |
| US5889220A (en) | Copper-tungsten alloys and their manufacturing methods | |
| US3434812A (en) | Thermionic cathode | |
| US3722976A (en) | Mercury generation | |
| US3372213A (en) | Method of manufacturing oxide nuclear fuel containing a boride | |
| US3117372A (en) | Stabilized rare earth oxides for a control rod and method of preparation | |
| US3187885A (en) | Getter | |
| US3150975A (en) | Method of making intermetallic compound-composition bodies | |
| US3275564A (en) | Process of fabrication of sintered compounds based on uranium and plutonium | |
| JPH07192602A (en) | Dispenser cathode and its preparation | |
| US3213032A (en) | Process for sintering uranium nitride with a sintering aid depressant | |
| US3408130A (en) | Nonevaporative getter | |
| US2934482A (en) | Nuclear reactor fuel element and method of manufacture | |
| US2994587A (en) | Preparation of hydrides of magnesium and beryllium | |
| JPH03107453A (en) | Ti-w target and production thereof | |
| US3688150A (en) | Degassing arrangement for electron beam tube including an mk dispenser cathode | |
| US3105290A (en) | Cathode for electron discharge device | |
| US3059040A (en) | Method for producing sintered semiconductor bodies | |
| US3708268A (en) | Isotopic thermal power source | |
| US3231344A (en) | Sintered intermetallic bodies composed of aluminum and niobium or tantalum |