US3081818A - Gas mixing apparatus - Google Patents

Gas mixing apparatus Download PDF

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US3081818A
US3081818A US726248A US72624858A US3081818A US 3081818 A US3081818 A US 3081818A US 726248 A US726248 A US 726248A US 72624858 A US72624858 A US 72624858A US 3081818 A US3081818 A US 3081818A
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mixing chamber
chamber
screen
annular
core
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US726248A
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Frederic F A Braconier
Jean J L E Riga
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BELGE de l AYOTE ET DES PROD C
BELGE DE L'AYOTE ET DES PRODUITS CHIMIQUES DU MARLY Ste
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BELGE de l AYOTE ET DES PROD C
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3121—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31241—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the circumferential area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the central part of the conduit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/435—Mixing tubes composed of concentric tubular members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
    • C07C2/78—Processes with partial combustion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/915—Reverse flow, i.e. flow changing substantially 180° in direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
    • Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure
    • Y10S585/922—Reactor fluid manipulating device
    • Y10S585/923—At reactor inlet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to method and apparatus for mixing fuel and comburent gases for the combustion of hydrocarbons, and more particularly to burners for partial combustion of hydrocarbons in the production of less saturated hydrocarbons.
  • This invention relates more particularly, but not exclusively, to mixing apparatus of the annular type, in which the gases of a combustible mixture are led separately and then brought into intimate mixture, which is then forced into a combustion chamber through a gas distributing device.
  • the mixture In the case of a partial combustion of hydrocarbons for conversion into acetylene and/or olefines and for obtaining the most efficient operation, the mixture should be homogeneous and should have substantially laminar flow before entering the distributor of a burner.
  • these conditions are obtained with a special arrangement which essentially comprises a vertical annular chamber widening downwards, with a gas-distributor screen at its bottom and surround ing a central inverted conical core, the tip of which is at the center of the distributor, and by a procedure of bringing together the reaction gases in a narrow annular space, passing them along a widening annulus and through said screen to a reaction zone.
  • the angle formed with the vertical by the walls of this annular device is advantageously between and and preferably near 7.
  • a substantially cylindrical wall portion near the top of said angle and parallel to the axis of the burner delimits on the distributor a central zone with surface area substantially equal to that of the surrounding annular zone.
  • FIGURE 1 is a sectional view of one form of themvention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a sectional view of a modified form of the invent-ion.
  • the mixing chamber 1 having a wall 2 of heat-resistant steel, surrounds a central hollow conical core 3, the wall 4- of which is also in refractory steel. The end of said core reaches to the center 0 of the burner screen 5.
  • the mixing chamber 1 consists of an annular space widening downwards, until it reaches screen 5 which distributes the gaseous mixture into the combustion chamber 6.
  • the walls 2 and 4 of the mixing chamher are inclined so as to form in the upper part of said chamber an angle of about 7 with the vertical and the projection of said top on the screen 5 (indicated by dot-dash lines on FIGURE 1) defines an annular section AB of the screen 5, surrounding a central portion CD, both portions having substantially equal surfaces.
  • the central core 3 with its surmounting conical head 7, with tire-resistant steel walls, surrounds an axial pipe 8 for feeding one of the two reaction gases.
  • the upper edge 12 of the wall 2 is inclined, as shown, so as to insure a uniform pressure drop and a homogeneous distribution of the gas in said space 11.
  • the space 11 decreases in cross section in the direction of the flow of the gases.
  • the space 11 and the interior of mixing chamber 1 are connected by the narrow annular gap in zone 13. This brings the gaseous reagents into contact, the wall 4 of the central core being provided with several perforation rings 14 for injecting into space 11 a fluid from pipe 8. This fluid comes through pipe 8 and the space 7 Within the central core 3. Said spaces 11, 13 and 1 thus form an annular convergent-divergent nozzle of the Venturi type.
  • the device just described may be operated as follows:
  • One of the two gases e.g., the fuel gas
  • the remaining gaseous reagent e.g., oxygen
  • the remaining gaseous reagent fed through pipe 8 flows successively through the annular space 3 and openings 14, into the restricted section of the nozzle in which it is injected perpendicularly to the direction of the fuel flow while forming a turbulent mixture.
  • This mixture passes then through mixing chamber 1, i.e., the diver-gent portion of the nozzle, by which it is led to the screen 5 with a substantially laminar movement without any of the gaseous reagents having a preferential dynamic effect.
  • one can attain a quite uniform oxygen content throughout the gas at the end of the mixing chamber, a uniform throughput in each channel of the screen 5 and a better yield of unsaturated hydrocarbon (e. g., of acetylene in the case of a partial combustion burner).
  • FIGURE 2 shows another device to be used for the process of this invention, in which the gaseous reagents are brought as separate opposite streams into the mixing zone instead of perpendicular flows as in FIGURE 1.
  • Pipe 9 for feeding the fuel gas enters the annular chamber 10a connected with the annular space 11a, as shown; but, instead of the open annular space continuing at the bottom of space 11a into a Venturi throat, there is a perforated ring 16, the perforations of which are staggered with respect to the oxygen distributing perforations 14a.
  • Both gaseous reagents thus enter as oppositely directed jets at the top of the annular and divergent mixing chamber 1 having a construction similar to that of FIGURE 1.
  • the resulting combustion mixture passes with substantially laminar flow to the screen 5 which distributes this mixture into the combustion chamber.
  • Example The burner shown in FIGURE 1 comprises an annular mixing chamber 1 of 350 mm. in height and having a mean diameter of 200 mm., with an angle of 14 at the top, between the walls 2 and 4, said chamber being topped by an annular zone 13 for contacting the reagents, said zone being of 12.5 mm. in radial width at the inlet 13, before the perforations 14, and of 20 mm. in width at the outlet 20.
  • Said annular zone 13 is of 130 mm. in height.
  • the annular distributing space 11 has an average height of 130 mm.
  • the central core 3 has a total height (from the end of 760 mm. and a diameter of 194 mm. at its greatest width. It surrounds pipe 8 having a diameter of 140 mm.
  • the wall 4 is provided with 390 holes having a diameter of 3 mm., and uniformly distributed along 3 rings spaced 15 mm.
  • the distributor 5 is of 215 mm. in height While being traversed by 112 pipes having a diameter of 12 mm.
  • the reagent mixture is homogeneously distributed in the pipes of distributor 5, the throughput of the gaseous mixture being substantially the same in each of said pipes.
  • the mixture is ignited in said combustion chamber 6 and the methane is subjected to a partial combustion, the flames being stabilized by a further addition of oxygen (pilot oxygen) of approximately 80 m. /h.
  • This mixing device is constructed with refractory nickel, chrome and molybdenum steel, preferably the A.I.S.I. steel of the type No. 321 (as identified by the Steel Products Manual No. 24 of the American Iron and Steel Institute).
  • the tip of the core 4 does not extend entirely through the distributor 5, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Ohviously such extension is unnecessary and the tip need extend only far enough to support the core accurately in the specified position.
  • An apparatus for mixing reactant gases which comprises a mixing chamber having an outer wall which diverges in the direction of gas fiow from a restricted portion of the chamber at which the reactantgases are introduced; a reaction cham ber below the mixing chamber; a distributor screen through which the mixed gases pass from the mixing chamber into the reaction chamber but which serves as a barrier against backfire to confine the reaction to the reaction chamber; a hollow, substantially conical central core enclosing a substantially frusto-conical cavity therein, said conical core having a converged end centrally positioned at the distributor screen and a base portion adjacent the mixing chamber wall at said restricted portion of said mixing chamber at which the reactant gases are introduced, the core wall diverging from the mixing chamber Wall toward said screen, thus forming an annular channel between them, the an le of divergence near the most restricted portion of the mixing chamber being between 5 and 10 from the vertical, said base portion of said conical core being of such diameter that its projection by a perpendicular cylinder dropped from the median
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the top of the mixing chamber is provided with perforations for introducing the reactant gases, said perforations being radial with respect to the axis of the chamber.
  • the method of forming a combustible mixture of preheated gases having completely uniform composition which comprises supplying said gases separately both at superatmospheric pressures of approximately the same order of magnitude, preheating the separate gases, bringing at least one of said preheated gases to high velocity by passing said gas through a volume of uniformly decreasing cross section culminating in a narrow annulus, separately introducing at least one other of said preheated gases therein by injecting a plurality of jets of said other gas transversely into the accelerated stream of the first gas in said narrow annulus, and then passing the gases through a duct in an expanding conical annular flow, the flow through said narrow annulus and duct being substantially laminar flow in which the inner boundary of the annular gas flow decreased in diameter from said jets through said duct.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,081,818 GAS MIXING APPARATUS Frederic F. A. Braeonier, Plainevcaux, and Jean J. L. E.
Riga, Liege, Belgium, assignors to Societe Belge dc LAyote et des Produits Chimiques du Marly, Liege,
Belgium Filed Apr. 3, 1958, Ser. No. 726,248 Claims priority, application Austria Apr. 20, 1957 8 Claims. (Cl. 158-99) This invention relates to method and apparatus for mixing fuel and comburent gases for the combustion of hydrocarbons, and more particularly to burners for partial combustion of hydrocarbons in the production of less saturated hydrocarbons.
This invention relates more particularly, but not exclusively, to mixing apparatus of the annular type, in which the gases of a combustible mixture are led separately and then brought into intimate mixture, which is then forced into a combustion chamber through a gas distributing device.
For feeding burners with gases, it has already been proposed to use devices of the type comprising an annular pipe surrounding a central core. A mixture of hydrocarbon and primary air is led into this annular pipe so that its direction and speed are changed therein. It passes through this space with a swirling movement before being brought into contact with secondary air. Then the mixture of hydrocarbon and primary air on one hand and the secondary air on the other hand become in the burner separate and swirling layers (US. Patent No.
In the case of a partial combustion of hydrocarbons for conversion into acetylene and/or olefines and for obtaining the most efficient operation, the mixture should be homogeneous and should have substantially laminar flow before entering the distributor of a burner.
According to this invention, these conditions are obtained with a special arrangement which essentially comprises a vertical annular chamber widening downwards, with a gas-distributor screen at its bottom and surround ing a central inverted conical core, the tip of which is at the center of the distributor, and by a procedure of bringing together the reaction gases in a narrow annular space, passing them along a widening annulus and through said screen to a reaction zone.
To obtain the best conditions regarding the homogeneity of the gaseous reaction mixture, the angle formed with the vertical by the walls of this annular device is advantageously between and and preferably near 7. A substantially cylindrical wall portion near the top of said angle and parallel to the axis of the burner delimits on the distributor a central zone with surface area substantially equal to that of the surrounding annular zone.
FIGURE 1 is a sectional view of one form of themvention.
FIGURE 2 is a sectional view of a modified form of the invent-ion.
The nature of this invention will appear more clearly by the description of a burner schematically represented in vertical section by FIGURE 1, given by way of example.
In such burner, the mixing chamber 1 having a wall 2 of heat-resistant steel, surrounds a central hollow conical core 3, the wall 4- of which is also in refractory steel. The end of said core reaches to the center 0 of the burner screen 5.
As shown, the mixing chamber 1 consists of an annular space widening downwards, until it reaches screen 5 which distributes the gaseous mixture into the combustion chamber 6. The walls 2 and 4 of the mixing chamher are inclined so as to form in the upper part of said chamber an angle of about 7 with the vertical and the projection of said top on the screen 5 (indicated by dot-dash lines on FIGURE 1) defines an annular section AB of the screen 5, surrounding a central portion CD, both portions having substantially equal surfaces.
The central core 3 with its surmounting conical head 7, with tire-resistant steel walls, surrounds an axial pipe 8 for feeding one of the two reaction gases. Pipe 9, feeding the other reaction gas, discharges into an annular chamber 10, leading to an annular space 11 between head 7 and the upper part of wall 2. The upper edge 12 of the wall 2 is inclined, as shown, so as to insure a uniform pressure drop and a homogeneous distribution of the gas in said space 11. The space 11 decreases in cross section in the direction of the flow of the gases.
The space 11 and the interior of mixing chamber 1 are connected by the narrow annular gap in zone 13. This brings the gaseous reagents into contact, the wall 4 of the central core being provided with several perforation rings 14 for injecting into space 11 a fluid from pipe 8. This fluid comes through pipe 8 and the space 7 Within the central core 3. Said spaces 11, 13 and 1 thus form an annular convergent-divergent nozzle of the Venturi type.
According to this invention, the device just described may be operated as follows:
One of the two gases, e.g., the fuel gas, is introduced through pipe 9. It flows upward in the space 11, where, due to the gradual decrease in section, it obtains an increasing yelocity, while its pressure decreases. The remaining gaseous reagent, e.g., oxygen, fed through pipe 8, flows successively through the annular space 3 and openings 14, into the restricted section of the nozzle in which it is injected perpendicularly to the direction of the fuel flow while forming a turbulent mixture. This mixture passes then through mixing chamber 1, i.e., the diver-gent portion of the nozzle, by which it is led to the screen 5 with a substantially laminar movement without any of the gaseous reagents having a preferential dynamic effect.
According to the invention, one can attain a quite uniform oxygen content throughout the gas at the end of the mixing chamber, a uniform throughput in each channel of the screen 5 and a better yield of unsaturated hydrocarbon (e.=g., of acetylene in the case of a partial combustion burner). Backfires from the combustion chamher 6 to the mixing chamber 1 are avoided; and, even if a backfire should occur, its effects would be substantially reduced by the cooling action of the lower end of the conical core 3.
FIGURE 2 shows another device to be used for the process of this invention, in which the gaseous reagents are brought as separate opposite streams into the mixing zone instead of perpendicular flows as in FIGURE 1.
Pipe 9 for feeding the fuel gas enters the annular chamber 10a connected with the annular space 11a, as shown; but, instead of the open annular space continuing at the bottom of space 11a into a Venturi throat, there is a perforated ring 16, the perforations of which are staggered with respect to the oxygen distributing perforations 14a.
Both gaseous reagents thus enter as oppositely directed jets at the top of the annular and divergent mixing chamber 1 having a construction similar to that of FIGURE 1. The resulting combustion mixture passes with substantially laminar flow to the screen 5 which distributes this mixture into the combustion chamber.
Example The burner shown in FIGURE 1 comprises an annular mixing chamber 1 of 350 mm. in height and having a mean diameter of 200 mm., with an angle of 14 at the top, between the walls 2 and 4, said chamber being topped by an annular zone 13 for contacting the reagents, said zone being of 12.5 mm. in radial width at the inlet 13, before the perforations 14, and of 20 mm. in width at the outlet 20. Said annular zone 13 is of 130 mm. in height. The annular distributing space 11 has an average height of 130 mm. The central core 3 has a total height (from the end of 760 mm. and a diameter of 194 mm. at its greatest width. It surrounds pipe 8 having a diameter of 140 mm. The wall 4 is provided with 390 holes having a diameter of 3 mm., and uniformly distributed along 3 rings spaced 15 mm.
The projection of the mean circumference between the ID. of the shell 2 and the OD. of the core 4- delimits on said distributor 5, a surface CD surrounded with an annular surface AB, both said surfaces having approximately the same area. The distributor 5 is of 215 mm. in height While being traversed by 112 pipes having a diameter of 12 mm.
1,125 cubic meters per hour, caluculated to normal temperature and pressure (Nm. /H.) of methane (98% pure and containing 2% of nitrogen) preheated at 600 C. under a pressure of 1.13 atmospheres, absolute (atm., abs.), and fed through pipe 9, are introduced in said mixing device, said methane passing through the dis:
tributing space 11 and then through the annular zone 13, at the inlet of which it has a flow rate of 90 m./sec.
610 Nm. /h. of 97% pure oxygen (97% of oxygen and 3% of nitrogen), also preheated at 600 C. are also introduced through pipe 8, under a pressure of 1.2 atm. abs. After being passed through the central core 3, said oxygen is injected into the methane stream through perforations 14, with a linear flow rate of 163 m./sec.
=Both reagents are thereby rapidly contacted in zone 13 and their mixture is homogenized in chamber 1, before being introduced in the combustion chamber 6, through distributor 5.
The areas of the surfaces AB and CD being the same, the reagent mixture is homogeneously distributed in the pipes of distributor 5, the throughput of the gaseous mixture being substantially the same in each of said pipes.
The mixture is ignited in said combustion chamber 6 and the methane is subjected to a partial combustion, the flames being stabilized by a further addition of oxygen (pilot oxygen) of approximately 80 m. /h.
After a partial combustion and quenching of the combustion gases, 2060 Nm. /h. of gas (dry gas volume) containing 7.6% of C H are obtained.
This mixing device is constructed with refractory nickel, chrome and molybdenum steel, preferably the A.I.S.I. steel of the type No. 321 (as identified by the Steel Products Manual No. 24 of the American Iron and Steel Institute).
As will be evident from the dimensions given above, the tip of the core 4 does not extend entirely through the distributor 5, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Ohviously such extension is unnecessary and the tip need extend only far enough to support the core accurately in the specified position.
We claim:
1. The method of forming a combustible mixture of a hydrocarbon gas and oxygen and of homogenizing the distribution of said mixed gases into a reaction chamber which comprises the steps of supplying said gases sep arately at superatmospheric pressures of approximately the same order of magnitude, preheating said separate gases, continually introducing a stream of said preheated gaseous hydrocarbon into one end of an annular distribution chamber of gradually decreasing cross section, homogeneously distributing, and increasing the velocity of, said gas stream in said distribution chamber by passing the said stream through a narrow annular channel,
injecting a plurality of streams of preheated oxygen into the accelerated stream of hydrocarbon in a midportion of said narrow channel so that these streams of hydrocarbon and oxygen impinge, uniformly mixing said streams in a conical annular duct of expanding cross section and passing them through a distributor screen and into a reaction chamber, the flow being maintained in a substantially laminar annular flow and the inner boundary of the annular flow of gases decreasing gradually to a point substantially in center of the distributor while the outer boundary increases correspondingly, and uniformly distributing the mixed gases into the channels of said distributor.
2. An apparatus for mixing reactant gases, such as fuel gas and oxygen, which comprises a mixing chamber having an outer wall which diverges in the direction of gas fiow from a restricted portion of the chamber at which the reactantgases are introduced; a reaction cham ber below the mixing chamber; a distributor screen through which the mixed gases pass from the mixing chamber into the reaction chamber but which serves as a barrier against backfire to confine the reaction to the reaction chamber; a hollow, substantially conical central core enclosing a substantially frusto-conical cavity therein, said conical core having a converged end centrally positioned at the distributor screen and a base portion adjacent the mixing chamber wall at said restricted portion of said mixing chamber at which the reactant gases are introduced, the core wall diverging from the mixing chamber Wall toward said screen, thus forming an annular channel between them, the an le of divergence near the most restricted portion of the mixing chamber being between 5 and 10 from the vertical, said base portion of said conical core being of such diameter that its projection by a perpendicular cylinder dropped from the median line of the most restricted portion of the mixing chamber to the screen defines on said screen a central circular zone and an annular zone, the areas of which are equal; and a pipe extending into said frusto-conical cavity, said pipe feeding a reactant gas, the outer wall of said core in the area of the most restricted portion of the mixing chamber having perforations through which this gas may be led into the mixing chamber.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the gas feeding pipe extends axially into said frusto-conical cavity substantially to those portions of said cavity which are of smallest cross-section.
4. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the angle is about 7.
'5. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the top of the mixing chamber is provided with perforations for introducing the reactant gases, said perforations being radial with respect to the axis of the chamber.
6. The method of forming a combustible mixture of preheated gases having completely uniform composition which comprises supplying said gases separately both at superatmospheric pressures of approximately the same order of magnitude, preheating the separate gases, bringing at least one of said preheated gases to high velocity by passing said gas through a volume of uniformly decreasing cross section culminating in a narrow annulus, separately introducing at least one other of said preheated gases therein by injecting a plurality of jets of said other gas transversely into the accelerated stream of the first gas in said narrow annulus, and then passing the gases through a duct in an expanding conical annular flow, the flow through said narrow annulus and duct being substantially laminar flow in which the inner boundary of the annular gas flow decreased in diameter from said jets through said duct.
7. The method as defined in claim 6 in which the inner boundary of the annular flow of gases decreases gradually to substantially zero.
8. The method as defined in claim 6 in which the inner boundary of the annular flow of gases decreases gradually while the outer boundary increases correspondingly.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Hoff Ian. 17, 1911 Dodge June 15, 1926 6 Wolff Jan. 1, 1929 Maxwell July 10, 1934 Oldham May 16, 1944 Campbell et a1. Oct. 3, 1950 Lehrer May 6, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Jan. 5, 1955

Claims (1)

  1. 2. AN APPARATUS FOR MIXING REACTANT GASES, SUCH AS FUEL GAS AND OXYGEN, WHICH COMPRISES A MIXING CHAMBER HAVING AN OUTER WALL WHICH DIVERGES IN THE DIRECTION OF GAS FLOW FROM A RESTRICTED PORTION OF THE CHAMBER AT WHICH THE REACTANT GASES ARE INTRODUCED; A REACTION CHAMBER BELOW THE MIXING CHAMBER; A DISTRIBUTOR SCREEN THROUGH WHICH THE MIXED GASES PASS FROM THE MIXING CHAMBER INTO THE REACTION CHAMBER BUT WHICH SERVES AS A BARRIER AGAINST BACKFIRE TO CONFINE THE REACTION TO THE REACTION CHAMBER; A HOLLOW, SUBSTANTIALLY CONICAL CENTRAL CORE ENCLOSING A SUBSTANTIALLY FRUSTO-CONICAL CAVITY THEREIN, SAID CONICAL CORE HAVING A CONVERGED END CENTRALLY POSITIONED AT THE DISTRIBUTOR SCREEN AND A BASE PORTION ADJACENT THE MIXING CHAMBER WALL AT SAID RESTRICTED PORTION OF SAID MIXING CHAMBER AT WHICH THE REACTANT GASES ARE INTRODUCED, THE CORE WALL DIVERGING FROM THE MIXING CHAMBER WALL TOWARD SAID SCREEN, THUS FORMING AN ANNULAR CHANNEL BETWEEN THEM, THE ANGLE OF DIVERGENCE NEAR THE MOST RESTRICTED PORTION OF THE MIXING CHAMBER BEING BETWEEN 5* AND 10* FROM THE VERTICAL, SAID BASE PORTION OF SAID CONICAL CORE BEING OF SUCH DIAMETER THAT ITS PROJECTION BY A PERPENDICULAR CYLINDER DROPPED FROM THE MEDIAN LINE BY A PERPENDICULAR CYLINDER DROPPED FROM THE MEDIAN LINE OF THE MOST RESTRICTED PORTION OF THE MIXING CHAMBER TO THE SCREEN DEFINES ON SAID SCREEN A CENTRAL CIRCULAR ZONE
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3460915A (en) * 1965-07-30 1969-08-12 Basf Ag Apparatus for the production of gases containing acetylene
US3855993A (en) * 1973-03-17 1974-12-24 Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh Radiating tube burner
US4067190A (en) * 1975-09-29 1978-01-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Catalytic gas turbine combustor with a fuel-air premix chamber
EP0050391A3 (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-11-17 Nederlandse Industriele Maatschappij Nefit B.V. A heater and a method of controlling the combustion in such a heater
US5106590A (en) * 1990-05-11 1992-04-21 Davy Mckee (London) Limited Gas mixer and distributor with heat exchange between incoming gases
US5609655A (en) * 1993-08-27 1997-03-11 Northern Research & Engineering Corp. Gas turbine apparatus
US6709264B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2004-03-23 General Motors Corporation Catalytic combuster
WO2009078897A1 (en) 2007-12-14 2009-06-25 Dow Technology Investments Llc Hydrocarbon/oxygen industrial gas mixer with water mist
WO2009109473A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-11 Basf Se Method and device for thermal partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
US20100204496A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-08-12 Dow Technology Investments Llc Hydrocarbon/oxygen industrial gas mixer with coarse water droplet environment to reduce ignition potential
US20100307337A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-12-09 Dow Technology Investments Llc Low shear gas mixer
US20110223551A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Mixing device for a gas burner
US8404189B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2013-03-26 Dow Technology Investments Llc Oxygen/hydrocarbon rapid (high shear) gas mixer, particularly for the production of ethylene oxide
US8500894B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2013-08-06 Dow Technology Investments Llc Wet scrubbing for removing particulate solids from oxygen supply line
US20140313849A1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2014-10-23 Kochi National College of Technology, Fluid mixer and fluid mixing method
US10058824B2 (en) * 2011-09-16 2018-08-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and apparatus for dynamic gas mixture production
US20180266366A1 (en) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust gas recirculation mixer
US10393430B2 (en) * 2015-09-11 2019-08-27 Rtj Technologies Inc. Method and system to control the methane mass flow rate for the production of liquefied methane gas (LMG)

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US1588792A (en) * 1925-08-29 1926-06-15 Harry H Dodge Gas burner
US1697549A (en) * 1925-12-15 1929-01-01 Wolff Friedrich High-pressure gas burner
US1965847A (en) * 1931-04-13 1934-07-10 Utilities Res Commission Inc Welding torch
US2348839A (en) * 1941-01-28 1944-05-16 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Blowpipe
US2524559A (en) * 1947-08-16 1950-10-03 Affiliated Gas Equipment Inc Entrainment device
GB721504A (en) * 1952-02-14 1955-01-05 Erich Mengler Improvements relating to gas burners for heating, hardening, soldering, welding and like purposes
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US981855A (en) * 1910-03-21 1911-01-17 Frederick Hofmann Gas-burner.
US1588792A (en) * 1925-08-29 1926-06-15 Harry H Dodge Gas burner
US1697549A (en) * 1925-12-15 1929-01-01 Wolff Friedrich High-pressure gas burner
US1965847A (en) * 1931-04-13 1934-07-10 Utilities Res Commission Inc Welding torch
US2348839A (en) * 1941-01-28 1944-05-16 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Blowpipe
US2524559A (en) * 1947-08-16 1950-10-03 Affiliated Gas Equipment Inc Entrainment device
GB721504A (en) * 1952-02-14 1955-01-05 Erich Mengler Improvements relating to gas burners for heating, hardening, soldering, welding and like purposes
US2833839A (en) * 1954-03-11 1958-05-06 Basf Ag Production of acetylene by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3460915A (en) * 1965-07-30 1969-08-12 Basf Ag Apparatus for the production of gases containing acetylene
US3855993A (en) * 1973-03-17 1974-12-24 Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh Radiating tube burner
US4067190A (en) * 1975-09-29 1978-01-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Catalytic gas turbine combustor with a fuel-air premix chamber
EP0050391A3 (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-11-17 Nederlandse Industriele Maatschappij Nefit B.V. A heater and a method of controlling the combustion in such a heater
US5106590A (en) * 1990-05-11 1992-04-21 Davy Mckee (London) Limited Gas mixer and distributor with heat exchange between incoming gases
US5609655A (en) * 1993-08-27 1997-03-11 Northern Research & Engineering Corp. Gas turbine apparatus
US6709264B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2004-03-23 General Motors Corporation Catalytic combuster
US20100204496A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-08-12 Dow Technology Investments Llc Hydrocarbon/oxygen industrial gas mixer with coarse water droplet environment to reduce ignition potential
US20100204495A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-08-12 Dow Technology Investments Llc Hydrocarbon/oxygen industrial gas mixer with water mist
US8500894B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2013-08-06 Dow Technology Investments Llc Wet scrubbing for removing particulate solids from oxygen supply line
US20100307337A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-12-09 Dow Technology Investments Llc Low shear gas mixer
WO2009078897A1 (en) 2007-12-14 2009-06-25 Dow Technology Investments Llc Hydrocarbon/oxygen industrial gas mixer with water mist
US8334395B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2012-12-18 Dow Technology Investments Llc Hydrocarbon/oxygen industrial gas mixer with coarse water droplet environment to reduce ignition potential
US8404190B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2013-03-26 Dow Technology Investments Llc Hydrocarbon/oxygen industrial gas mixer with water mist
US8404189B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2013-03-26 Dow Technology Investments Llc Oxygen/hydrocarbon rapid (high shear) gas mixer, particularly for the production of ethylene oxide
US8500320B2 (en) 2007-12-14 2013-08-06 Dow Technology Investments Llc Low shear gas mixer
WO2009109473A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-11 Basf Se Method and device for thermal partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
US20110016790A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2011-01-27 Basf Se Process and apparatus for thermal partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
US8801814B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2014-08-12 Basf Se Process and apparatus for thermal partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
RU2480441C2 (en) * 2008-03-05 2013-04-27 Басф Се Method and apparatus for partial thermal oxidation of hydrocarbons
DE102010010791A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Mixing device for a gas burner
US8512035B2 (en) 2010-03-09 2013-08-20 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Mixing device for a gas burner
US20110223551A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Mixing device for a gas burner
US20140313849A1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2014-10-23 Kochi National College of Technology, Fluid mixer and fluid mixing method
US9403132B2 (en) * 2010-12-22 2016-08-02 Kochi National College Of Technology, Japan Fluid mixer and fluid mixing method
US10058824B2 (en) * 2011-09-16 2018-08-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and apparatus for dynamic gas mixture production
US10919003B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2021-02-16 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method and apparatus for dynamic gas mixture production
US10393430B2 (en) * 2015-09-11 2019-08-27 Rtj Technologies Inc. Method and system to control the methane mass flow rate for the production of liquefied methane gas (LMG)
US20180266366A1 (en) * 2017-03-15 2018-09-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust gas recirculation mixer
US10408169B2 (en) * 2017-03-15 2019-09-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust gas recirculation mixer

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