US3080317A - Photographic film and process of producing same - Google Patents
Photographic film and process of producing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3080317A US3080317A US6367A US636760A US3080317A US 3080317 A US3080317 A US 3080317A US 6367 A US6367 A US 6367A US 636760 A US636760 A US 636760A US 3080317 A US3080317 A US 3080317A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- film
- photographic film
- silicone
- solvent
- slippage
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/70—Siloxanes defined by use of the MDTQ nomenclature
Definitions
- This invention relates to photographic film. More particularly, this invention relates to a photographic film having good slippage properties, to a process of producing the same and to a composition which may be used in the process.
- a still further object of this invention is to provide a process of treating a photographic film to increase the slippage characteristics thereof by treating the film with a backwash solution containing a mixture of an alkyl silicone and an aryl silicone.
- the objects of our invention are attained by incorporating a mixture of an alkyl silicone such as methyl silicone and an aryl silicone such as phenyl silicone in a backwash solution which is then applied to the film base.
- an alkyl silicone such as methyl silicone
- an aryl silicone such as phenyl silicone
- the alkyl silicones such as the methyl silicones, have been found to be excellent slippage agents for photographic film when applied to the base opposite the emulsion during film processing.
- an alkyl silicone into a backwash solution for the application to the film base, difficulties are encountered. These difficulties are due to the fact that the highly polymerized alkyl silicones having high viscosities are insoluble in the solvents used in the back wash solution.
- the typical solvents comprise mixtures of alcohols and ketones as for example methanol-acetone, acetone-dichloroethane, methanol-methyl acetate etc.
- the alkyl silicones used should have a viscosity of less than 50 centipoises.
- the amount of silicones present in the solution are preferably from .05 to 5% by weight of the alkyl silicone and from .2 to 5% by weight of the aryl silcone.
- the preparation and properties of the silicones as used herein are well known and described in the chemical literature and in this connection, reference is made to Rubin Gutoffs article entitled The Silicone Fluid Manufacture, published in Industrial And Engineering Chemistry, vol. 49, pp. 1807 .to 1811.
- a phenyl silicone polymer purchased from the Dow-Corning Company as DC-SSS.
- a source of an alkyl silicone polymer we use a methyl silicone polymer obtained as DC200 from the Dow-Corning Company.
- Any known solvent or solvent mixture used in forming a subbing or a backwash solution may be used according to our invention.
- the solvent mixtures described previousiy are satisfactory.
- Others are known in the art. We prefer to use a composition containing 70% acetone and 30% methanol.
- Any typical film base may be coated with the novel solution.
- bases are the cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate butyrate, etc., the vinyl resins such as vinyl acetate and many others.
- Example A backwash solution containing 70% acetone and 30% methanol as the solvent was divided into five parts and the following different additives were incorporated in these parts:
- the slippage agent of sample (C) comprising a mixture of phenyl silicone polymer and methyl silicone polymer, possesses far superior slippage properties compared to phenyl silicone alone or the prior art slippage agent.
- the coating quality of the mixture of silicones was satisfactory whereas the coating quality of the methyl silicone alone was unsatisfactory, being very hazy.
- a backwash solution for increasing the slippage properties of photographic film base consisting essentially of a mixture of a dimethyl polysiloxane having a viscosity ranging from 100 and 1000 centistokes at 25 C. and a phenylmethyl polysiloxane having a viscosity ranging from 10 to 30 centistokes at 25 C., and a mutual solvent medium for said polysiloxanes consisting essentially of a mixture of acetone and methanol, the amount of polysiloxane being from 0.05 to by weight of the 4 solvent in the case of the dimethyl polysiloxane and from 0.2 to 5% by Weight of the solvent in the case of the phenylmethyl polysiloxane.
- a process of enhancing the slippage properties of a photographic film base which comprises forming a backwash solution by dissolving a mixture consisting essentially of dimethyl polysiloxane having at 25 C. a viscosity ranging from 100 to 1000 and a phenylmethyl polysiloxane having at 25 C.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
United States Patent No Drawing. Filed Feb. 3, 1969, Ser. No. 6,367 2 Ciairns. (Cl. 252-495) This invention relates to photographic film. More particularly, this invention relates to a photographic film having good slippage properties, to a process of producing the same and to a composition which may be used in the process.
As is well known, the handling, winding and unwinding of photographic film presents numerous problems characteristic to this field. One of these problems is poor slippage of the-film which produces friction sufficiently great to cause jamming of the camera or magazine and even breakage of the film. This problem is especially vexing in the case of cine and 35 mm. film. Friction on the film also generates static with a consequent damage to the light-sensitive coating of the film.
There have appeared suggestions in the prior art for treating photographic film to improve the slippage characteristics thereof. One such technique proposes the use of antifriction substances incorporated in the film. However, the materials employed up to the present time have not proved entirely satisfactory for various reasons. Thus, some of these materials do not adhere to the nonporous base of the film sufficiently well to withstand the hard usage to which the film is subjected. In some cases, the materials adversely efiect the sensitivity of the lightsensitive layers of the film while still others cannot withstand the treating baths to which photographic film is usually subjected.
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a novel composition suitable for use as a slippage agent for photographic film.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a photographic film having a layer thereon of a composition capable of increasing the slippage characteristics of the film which layer does not adversely effect the lightsensitivity of the light-sensitive layer, is capable of withstanding the treating baths to which the film is subjected and tenaciously adheres to the film base.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide photographic film having a layer thereon comprising a mixture of an a kyl silicone and an aryl silicone to increase the slippage characteristics of the film.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a process of treating a photographic film to increase the slippage characteristics thereof by treating the film with a backwash solution containing a mixture of an alkyl silicone and an aryl silicone.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will appear to those skilled in the art from the detailed deseription thereof given below.
The objects of our invention are attained by incorporating a mixture of an alkyl silicone such as methyl silicone and an aryl silicone such as phenyl silicone in a backwash solution which is then applied to the film base.
The alkyl silicones, such as the methyl silicones, have been found to be excellent slippage agents for photographic film when applied to the base opposite the emulsion during film processing. However, when it is desired to incorporate an alkyl silicone into a backwash solution for the application to the film base, difficulties are encountered. These difficulties are due to the fact that the highly polymerized alkyl silicones having high viscosities are insoluble in the solvents used in the back wash solution. The typical solvents comprise mixtures of alcohols and ketones as for example methanol-acetone, acetone-dichloroethane, methanol-methyl acetate etc. We attempted to emulsify the alkyl silicones with the alcoholketone solvent, but these emulsions proved unstable with concomitant breakup and precipitation of the silicone. Although partially polymerized alkyl silicones having lower viscosities are soluble in the alcohol-ketone solvents, they are not compatible with cellulosic film base and cause blush and hazy coatings.
We have now found that excellent coatings possessing the desired slippage properties are produced if mixtures of an alkyl silicone such as methyl silicone and an aryl silicone such as phenyl silicone, for example, are used to form the coatings. The alkyl silicones used should have a viscosity of less than 50 centipoises. The amount of silicones present in the solution are preferably from .05 to 5% by weight of the alkyl silicone and from .2 to 5% by weight of the aryl silcone. The preparation and properties of the silicones as used herein are well known and described in the chemical literature and in this connection, reference is made to Rubin Gutoffs article entitled The Silicone Fluid Manufacture, published in Industrial And Engineering Chemistry, vol. 49, pp. 1807 .to 1811.
We have found, as a suitable aryl silicone polymer for practicing the invention, a phenyl silicone polymer purchased from the Dow-Corning Company as DC-SSS. As a source of an alkyl silicone polymer, we use a methyl silicone polymer obtained as DC200 from the Dow-Corning Company.
Any known solvent or solvent mixture used in forming a subbing or a backwash solution may be used according to our invention. The solvent mixtures described previousiy are satisfactory. Others are known in the art. We prefer to use a composition containing 70% acetone and 30% methanol.
Any typical film base may be coated with the novel solution. Examples of such bases are the cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate butyrate, etc., the vinyl resins such as vinyl acetate and many others.
The following specific example of our invention is given. It is to be understood, however, that this example is given by way of illustration and not by way of lirm'tation.
Example A backwash solution containing 70% acetone and 30% methanol as the solvent was divided into five parts and the following different additives were incorporated in these parts:
A-Typical slippage additive of prior art.
B2% phenyl silicone polymer (Dow Corning DC5S5).
C--2% phenyl silicone polymer (DC-555)+1% methyl silicone polymer (5 cs.) (Dow Corning DC-ZOO).
D2% methyl silicone polymer (5 cs.) (Dow Corning DC-ZOO).
(All percentages of B, C and D are by weight.) E-No additive.
All of the solutions appeared clear and. free from any precipitation. These separate solutions were coated on separate samples of film as the backwash. These film samples were also subbed in the conventional manner on the side opposite the side to which the backwash was applied. The quality of the coatings of the various samples was observed and the samples were then tested for slippage. The test consisted of dragging a 500 gram weight across the face of the film sample treated with the backwash solution with a spring balance and obtaining the reading on the balance. The results obtained appear in the table below.
It will be observed from the table (small numbers desirable) that the slippage agent of sample (C), comprising a mixture of phenyl silicone polymer and methyl silicone polymer, possesses far superior slippage properties compared to phenyl silicone alone or the prior art slippage agent. The coating quality of the mixture of silicones was satisfactory whereas the coating quality of the methyl silicone alone was unsatisfactory, being very hazy.
Our invention is not limited to the detailed description thereof contained herein, but includes all modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A backwash solution for increasing the slippage properties of photographic film base consisting essentially of a mixture of a dimethyl polysiloxane having a viscosity ranging from 100 and 1000 centistokes at 25 C. and a phenylmethyl polysiloxane having a viscosity ranging from 10 to 30 centistokes at 25 C., and a mutual solvent medium for said polysiloxanes consisting essentially of a mixture of acetone and methanol, the amount of polysiloxane being from 0.05 to by weight of the 4 solvent in the case of the dimethyl polysiloxane and from 0.2 to 5% by Weight of the solvent in the case of the phenylmethyl polysiloxane.
2. A process of enhancing the slippage properties of a photographic film base which comprises forming a backwash solution by dissolving a mixture consisting essentially of dimethyl polysiloxane having at 25 C. a viscosity ranging from 100 to 1000 and a phenylmethyl polysiloxane having at 25 C. a viscosity ranging from 10 to 30 centistokes in a mutual solvent medium for said polysiloxanes consisting essentially of a mixture of acetone and methanol, the amount of polysiloxanes being from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the solvent in the case of the dimethyl polysiloxane silicone and from 0.2 to 5% by weight of the solvent in the case of the phenylrnethyl polysiloxane, and contacting, the base of the photographic film with the said solution.
, References Cited in thefile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,441,423 Elliott et al. May 11, 1948 2,443,353 Hyde et a1. .1. June 15, 1948 2,566,364 Pedlow et a1. .0, Sept. 4, 1951 2,749,253 Shoemaker etal. June 5, 1956 2,875,098 Blatz Feb. 24, 1959 Dickard May 23, 1961 OTHER REFERENCES International Projectionist, May 1959, page :10.
, McGregor: Silicones and Their Uses, page 11, McGraw- Hill, New York'(1954).
Claims (1)
1. A BACKWASH SOLUTION FOR INCREASING THE SLIPPAGE PROPERTIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM BASE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MIXTURE OF A DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE HAVING A VISCOSITY RANGING FROM 100 TO 1000 CENTISTOKES AT 25* C. AND A PHENYLMETHYL POLSILOXANE HAVING A VISCOSITY RANGING FROM 10 TO 30 CENTISTOKES AT 25* C., AND A MUTUAL SOLVENT MEDIUM FOR SAID POLYSILOXANES CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MIXTURE OF ACETONE AND METHANOL, THE AMOUNT OF POLYSILOXANE BEING FROM 0.05 TO 5% BY WEIGHT OF THE SOLVENT IN THE CASE OF THE DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE AND FROM 0.2 TO 5% BY WEIGHT OF THE SOLVENT IN THE CASE OF THE PHENYLMETHYL POLYSILOXANE.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US6367A US3080317A (en) | 1960-02-03 | 1960-02-03 | Photographic film and process of producing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US6367A US3080317A (en) | 1960-02-03 | 1960-02-03 | Photographic film and process of producing same |
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US3080317A true US3080317A (en) | 1963-03-05 |
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US6367A Expired - Lifetime US3080317A (en) | 1960-02-03 | 1960-02-03 | Photographic film and process of producing same |
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3296063A (en) * | 1963-11-12 | 1967-01-03 | Du Pont | Synthetic elastomeric lubricated filament |
US5206127A (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1993-04-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
US5252448A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1993-10-12 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide photographic light sensitive material comprising at least one protective layer containing boron nitride particles |
US5529891A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element having improved scratch resistance |
US5541048A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-07-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements |
EP0789268A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer |
US5723271A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-03-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing |
US5723270A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-03-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing |
US5956555A (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 1999-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer |
US6117611A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-09-12 | Konica Corporation | Image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
US6153362A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-11-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements |
US6165702A (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2000-12-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant |
US6300045B2 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-10-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polymer overcoat for imaging elements |
US6468339B1 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2002-10-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Alumina filled gelatin |
WO2005062123A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element having improved durability |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2441423A (en) * | 1945-02-10 | 1948-05-11 | Gen Electric | Alkylsilicon sols and gels |
US2443353A (en) * | 1946-02-21 | 1948-06-15 | Corning Glass Works | Production of organosiloxanes |
US2566364A (en) * | 1946-06-15 | 1951-09-04 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Method for preparing organic polysilicates stable against hydrolysis |
US2749253A (en) * | 1952-05-20 | 1956-06-05 | Dick Co Ab | Method of making a copy sheet and resultant article |
US2875098A (en) * | 1955-07-18 | 1959-02-24 | Du Pont | Coated polymeric thermoplastic dielectric film |
US2985554A (en) * | 1957-08-14 | 1961-05-23 | Avery Adhesive Products Inc | Method of rendering a web non-adherent to a pressure-sensitive adhesive and article produced thereby |
-
1960
- 1960-02-03 US US6367A patent/US3080317A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2441423A (en) * | 1945-02-10 | 1948-05-11 | Gen Electric | Alkylsilicon sols and gels |
US2443353A (en) * | 1946-02-21 | 1948-06-15 | Corning Glass Works | Production of organosiloxanes |
US2566364A (en) * | 1946-06-15 | 1951-09-04 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Method for preparing organic polysilicates stable against hydrolysis |
US2749253A (en) * | 1952-05-20 | 1956-06-05 | Dick Co Ab | Method of making a copy sheet and resultant article |
US2875098A (en) * | 1955-07-18 | 1959-02-24 | Du Pont | Coated polymeric thermoplastic dielectric film |
US2985554A (en) * | 1957-08-14 | 1961-05-23 | Avery Adhesive Products Inc | Method of rendering a web non-adherent to a pressure-sensitive adhesive and article produced thereby |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3296063A (en) * | 1963-11-12 | 1967-01-03 | Du Pont | Synthetic elastomeric lubricated filament |
US5206127A (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1993-04-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
US5252448A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1993-10-12 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide photographic light sensitive material comprising at least one protective layer containing boron nitride particles |
US5529891A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element having improved scratch resistance |
US5541048A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-07-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements |
EP0789268A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer |
US5723271A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-03-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing |
US5723270A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-03-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing |
US6165702A (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2000-12-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant |
US5956555A (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 1999-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer |
US6117611A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-09-12 | Konica Corporation | Image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
US6153362A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-11-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements |
US6300045B2 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-10-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polymer overcoat for imaging elements |
US6468339B1 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2002-10-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Alumina filled gelatin |
WO2005062123A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element having improved durability |
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