US3073748A - Coated medicaments - Google Patents
Coated medicaments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3073748A US3073748A US153238A US15323861A US3073748A US 3073748 A US3073748 A US 3073748A US 153238 A US153238 A US 153238A US 15323861 A US15323861 A US 15323861A US 3073748 A US3073748 A US 3073748A
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- Prior art keywords
- tablets
- copolymers
- vinyl
- coating
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 210000004051 gastric juice Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007891 compressed tablet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 lower alkanol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N dextrin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020021 gose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940126601 medicinal product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020374 simple syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
- A61K9/2806—Coating materials
- A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/284—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- A61K9/2846—Poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L39/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L39/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
- C08L39/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl-pyridine
Definitions
- This invention relates to a sealing coat for oral medicaments in the form of tablets, pills, granules and the like to protect their contents, and to articles sealed with the coat.
- a sealing coat to compressed tablets to protect their contents from moisture before the tablets are covered with a plurality of coatings of sugar syrup to which powdered filler is added during the intermediate drying after the application of each coating.
- a sealing coat is also required when tablets are coated with a watersoluble film-forming material such as gelatin.
- a sealing coat is applied to a tablet containing unstable substances such as vitamins, hormones and antibiotics to prevent deterioration.
- a sealing coat has consisted of a film forming material insoluble in water such as shellac, nitrocellulose or polyvinyl acetate. Such a coat is practically insoluble in water and dilute acid, and therefore sufficient thickness of the coat for elimination of absorption of moisture results in an increase in disintegration time in the gastric juices.
- the object of our invention is to provide a coating for medicament tablets and the like which can be applied thereto from a solution of a synthetic polymer in a lowboiling solvent, susceptible to rapid evaporation, whereby a smooth surface is formed on the tablets.
- Another object of our invention is to provide coated medicaments in which the coating thereof is resistant to water.
- a further object of our invention is to provide a synthetic film-forming polymer coating for medicaments, which coating will ordinarily disintegrate in the stomach; otherwise the coating will disintegrate in the presence of dilute aqueous alkali such as is encountered in the intestine.
- compressed tablets and similar articles are coated with a solution of an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpryridines with (B) a lowor aliphatic u, ⁇ 3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styrene.
- an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpryridines with (B) a lowor aliphatic u, ⁇ 3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl
- Amphoteric polymers of this type are dissolved in volatile organic solvents such as lower alkanol, acetone or a low boiling chlorinated hydrocarbon and applied to compressed tablets.
- volatile organic solvents such as lower alkanol, acetone or a low boiling chlorinated hydrocarbon
- the coating quickly loses solvent and there results tablets having a smooth waterresistant surface which is also resistant to the ordinary handling to which tablets are subjected. Tablets or the like coated in this fashion remain unchanged in water, but the coating thereon readily disintegrates in dilute aqueous acid such as gastric juice which permits the release of the medicament shortly after its entrance into the stomach.
- a patient to be medicated has anacidity
- such coating will not disintegrate in the stomach but will pass into the intestine as it is. However the coating finally disintegrates in any digestive juice of the patient even one with anacidity, since the coating is also soluble in dilute aqueous alkali such as intestinal juice.
- Our invention also includes the use of said amphoteric polymers as a binder in the preparation of medicinal product for oral administration.
- some of the solution of the polymer may be milled or kneaded with medicament in solid form to form a mass of fairly uniform composition which is then given form or shape such as by extrusion, dried and then pressed.
- the ampho-teric film-forming polymers which are useful as coating material of the invention are vinylpyridineacrylic acid copolymers, vinylepyridine methacrylic copolymers and copolymers of vinylpryridine with acrylic or methacrylic acid and the other polymerizable co-monomers such as methyl acrylate, acryronitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate or styrene.
- the polymers employed in this invention may be prepared by polymerizing said vinylpyridine monomer with said co-monomer according to the known method. Polymerization may be carried out under a standard condition which is known to those skilled in the art. Among many kinds of polymerization technique, emulsion or solution-polymerization is conveniently applicable.
- the composition which consists of the mixture of one of the vinylpyridines with the co-monomer, methanol and a small amount of henzoyl peroxide is heated at a temperature of 20 to 70 C. until the conversion is essentially completed and then is fractionated by partial precipitation with ether.
- the copolymers may also be prepared by mass-polymerization using a, a-azo-bis-iso-butyronitrile as a catalyst.
- compositions that constituted by vinylpyridine, acrylic or methacrylic acid, a dilute acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and a small amount of potassium persulfate.
- the polymers may be prepared by partly'or completely hydrolyzing a copolymer of vinylpyridine with a monomeric derivative of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid such as ester, nitrile or amide thereby liberating free carboxylic groups in the polymer.
- the production of such resins themselves is not a part of this invention and any of said vinylpyridine-acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymers which are soluble in either dilute acid or dilute alkali but insoluble in water may be used.
- the tablets and similar articles so coated are free from tendency to spoilage whenever wet accidentally and show a high degree of stability on storage.
- the invention is therefore, particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of tablets and similar articles containing unstable active substances such as vitamins, antibiotics and similar substances.
- EXAMPLE 1 A mixture containing 45% of starch, 43% of lactose, 7% of dextrine and 5% of tale is compressed into a table of 8 mm. diameter, 7.5 mm. radius of curvature and 4 mm. thickness. 15% solution of the polymers indicated in the Table 1 in chloroform was added portionwise to tablets which tablets were tumbled to distribute the solution thereon. At intervals an air blast at 40 C. was applied to remove the chloroform from the tablets. The application of the coating to the tablets is carried out until the amount of coating of each tablet reaches about 10 mg. The polymers used and the result of disintegration test both in distilled water and gastro-intestinal juices are shown in Table 1.
- the granules are pressed with addition of 5% of talc into tablets, each of which weighing mg.
- the tablet has a hardness of 4 to 6 kg. and disintegrates Within a range of 10 to 15 minutes in artificial gastric juice and 5 to 15 minutes in artificial intestinal juice respectively.
- a mixture of above composition is compressed into a tablet. 15% solution of S-ethyl-Z-vinylpyridine, methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate copolymer in chloroform is applied in the same manner as described in Example 1. Both types of coated and uncoated tablets are administered to the patients respectively and the excretion amount of riboflavin in urine is measured.
- a medicinal composition comprising tablets of a solid form medicament compounded with an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic age-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styrene.
- an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic age-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styren
- Medicinal tablets containing thereon a coating of an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic a,,8-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styrene.
- an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic a,,8-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and
- a method of preparing a medicinal composition which comprised tumbling compressed units of medicament with a solution of an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic 0:,13-1111- saturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-rnonomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styrene in a volatile solvent and removing the voltaile solvent from the composition.
- an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic 0:,13-1111- saturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-rnonomer selected from
Description
United States Patent Gfihce 3,673,743 Patented Jan. 15, 1963 3,073,748 COATEE) MEDICAMENTS lsamu Utsumi, Kyoto, Tadao Ida, Gose, Shuzo Kishi,
Habikino, and Toshiyuki Hashimoto, Kobe, Japan, as-
signors to Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
No Drawing. Filed Nov. 17, 1961, Ser. No. 153,238
Claims priority, application Japan Nov. 28, 1960 3 Claims. (Cl. 167-82) This invention relates to a sealing coat for oral medicaments in the form of tablets, pills, granules and the like to protect their contents, and to articles sealed with the coat.
It is known to give a sealing coat to compressed tablets to protect their contents from moisture before the tablets are covered with a plurality of coatings of sugar syrup to which powdered filler is added during the intermediate drying after the application of each coating. A sealing coat is also required when tablets are coated with a watersoluble film-forming material such as gelatin. Sometimes, such a sealing coat is applied to a tablet containing unstable substances such as vitamins, hormones and antibiotics to prevent deterioration. Heretofore, such a sealing coat has consisted of a film forming material insoluble in water such as shellac, nitrocellulose or polyvinyl acetate. Such a coat is practically insoluble in water and dilute acid, and therefore sufficient thickness of the coat for elimination of absorption of moisture results in an increase in disintegration time in the gastric juices.
It is also known that medicinal tables are coated with a basic film forming polymer, which coating will disintegrate in the presence of dilute acid such as is encountered in the stomach. But if a patient to be medicated has anacidity, such coating will not disintegrate either in the stomach or the intestine and will be excreted in the stool without releasing the medicament.
The object of our invention is to provide a coating for medicament tablets and the like which can be applied thereto from a solution of a synthetic polymer in a lowboiling solvent, susceptible to rapid evaporation, whereby a smooth surface is formed on the tablets.
Another object of our invention is to provide coated medicaments in which the coating thereof is resistant to water.
A further object of our invention is to provide a synthetic film-forming polymer coating for medicaments, which coating will ordinarily disintegrate in the stomach; otherwise the coating will disintegrate in the presence of dilute aqueous alkali such as is encountered in the intestine.
Other objects of our invention will appear herein.
According to the invention, compressed tablets and similar articles are coated with a solution of an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpryridines with (B) a lowor aliphatic u, {3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styrene.
Amphoteric polymers of this type are dissolved in volatile organic solvents such as lower alkanol, acetone or a low boiling chlorinated hydrocarbon and applied to compressed tablets. Upon subjecting the tablets to drying conditions such as an air blast, the coating quickly loses solvent and there results tablets having a smooth waterresistant surface which is also resistant to the ordinary handling to which tablets are subjected. Tablets or the like coated in this fashion remain unchanged in water, but the coating thereon readily disintegrates in dilute aqueous acid such as gastric juice which permits the release of the medicament shortly after its entrance into the stomach.
If a patient to be medicated has anacidity, such coating will not disintegrate in the stomach but will pass into the intestine as it is. However the coating finally disintegrates in any digestive juice of the patient even one with anacidity, since the coating is also soluble in dilute aqueous alkali such as intestinal juice.
Our invention also includes the use of said amphoteric polymers as a binder in the preparation of medicinal product for oral administration. For instance, some of the solution of the polymer may be milled or kneaded with medicament in solid form to form a mass of fairly uniform composition which is then given form or shape such as by extrusion, dried and then pressed.
The ampho-teric film-forming polymers which are useful as coating material of the invention are vinylpyridineacrylic acid copolymers, vinylepyridine methacrylic copolymers and copolymers of vinylpryridine with acrylic or methacrylic acid and the other polymerizable co-monomers such as methyl acrylate, acryronitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate or styrene. The polymers employed in this invention may be prepared by polymerizing said vinylpyridine monomer with said co-monomer according to the known method. Polymerization may be carried out under a standard condition which is known to those skilled in the art. Among many kinds of polymerization technique, emulsion or solution-polymerization is conveniently applicable. For instance, the composition which consists of the mixture of one of the vinylpyridines with the co-monomer, methanol and a small amount of henzoyl peroxide is heated at a temperature of 20 to 70 C. until the conversion is essentially completed and then is fractionated by partial precipitation with ether. The copolymers may also be prepared by mass-polymerization using a, a-azo-bis-iso-butyronitrile as a catalyst.
Another example of preferred composition is that constituted by vinylpyridine, acrylic or methacrylic acid, a dilute acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and a small amount of potassium persulfate. Alternatively, the polymers may be prepared by partly'or completely hydrolyzing a copolymer of vinylpyridine with a monomeric derivative of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid such as ester, nitrile or amide thereby liberating free carboxylic groups in the polymer. The production of such resins themselves is not a part of this invention and any of said vinylpyridine-acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymers which are soluble in either dilute acid or dilute alkali but insoluble in water may be used.
The tablets and similar articles so coated are free from tendency to spoilage whenever wet accidentally and show a high degree of stability on storage. The invention is therefore, particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of tablets and similar articles containing unstable active substances such as vitamins, antibiotics and similar substances.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples, which are not limitative.
EXAMPLE 1 A mixture containing 45% of starch, 43% of lactose, 7% of dextrine and 5% of tale is compressed into a table of 8 mm. diameter, 7.5 mm. radius of curvature and 4 mm. thickness. 15% solution of the polymers indicated in the Table 1 in chloroform was added portionwise to tablets which tablets were tumbled to distribute the solution thereon. At intervals an air blast at 40 C. was applied to remove the chloroform from the tablets. The application of the coating to the tablets is carried out until the amount of coating of each tablet reaches about 10 mg. The polymers used and the result of disintegration test both in distilled water and gastro-intestinal juices are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Copolymers Disintegration time Vinylpyridine, mole Acid co-rnonomer, Neutral (ac-monomer, Distilled Artificial Artificial percent mole percent mole percent water gastric juice intestinal (hrs.) (mm) juice 2-vinyl, 20 Methacrylic, 21--- Methyl acrylate, 59- 3 1015 10-20 2-vinyl, 39--. Methacrylic, 30.-. Acrylonitrile, 31 3 6-10 1020 2-vinyl, Methacrylic, 31--- Vinylacetate, 20. 3 -10 -20 4-vinyl, 59 Mothacrylie, 51--- 3 1015 10-20 4vinyl, 41- Methaerylic, 29--.. Acrylomtrile, 3 5-10 1020 4-vinyl, 21- Methacrylic, 22. Methyl aerylate, 57-- 3 5-10 1020 ny 44- Methacrylic, 32 Vinyl acetate, 24. 3 5-10 10-20 4-vinyl, 43 Acrylic, 36"--- Acrylomtrile, 21 3 510 10-20 2-metl1yl-5-viuyl. 61 Methaerylie, 39 3 6-10 10-20 2-rnethyl-5-vinyl, 29 Mothacrylic, 21... Methyl acrylate, 3 5-10 10-20 2-methyl-5-vinyl, 34 Methacrylic, 31... Me hyl m thacrylate, 3 5-10 10-20 D. 2methyl-5-vinyl, 3S Methacrylio, 31 Acrylonitrile, 3 510 1020 2-methyl-5-vinyi, 41 Methaerylic, 28--- Styrene, 31 3 5-10 1020 2-mothy1-5-vinyl, 44. Methacrylic, 32.-- Vinyl acetate, 24..- 5 5-10 10-20 2-rnethyl-5-vinyl, Acrylic, 31 Styrene, 29 3 5-10 1020 5ethyl-2-vinyl, 60. Methacrylie, 40. 3 5 10 10-20 5athyl-2-vinyl, 35. Methaerylie, 26 Aorylorutrile, 3 3 5-10 1020 5ethyl-2-vinyl, 23 Methaerylic, 17 Methyl aerylate, 3 5-10 10-20 Sethyl-l-vinyl, 41. Methaerylic, 28 Styrene, 31 3 5-10 10-20 5-ethyl-2-vinyl, 45... Methacrylic, 31 Vinyl acetate, 2 3 0-10 10-20 5ethyl-2-vinyl, 34 Acrylic, 27 Acrylomtrile, 39-- 3 5-10 10-20 EXAMPLE 2 S-ethyl-Z-vinylpyridine, methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate coplymer as described in Table l of Example 1 is dissolved in chloroform to give a solution of 20% concentration. 25 parts by weight of this solution is kneaded with parts by weight of 1 to 1 mixture of starch and lactose to form a mass of uniform composition which is then extruded through a screen of 20 mesh to form a granule and then dried at 40 C. The granules are pressed with addition of 5% of talc into tablets, each of which weighing mg. The tablet has a hardness of 4 to 6 kg. and disintegrates Within a range of 10 to 15 minutes in artificial gastric juice and 5 to 15 minutes in artificial intestinal juice respectively.
A mixture of above composition is compressed into a tablet. 15% solution of S-ethyl-Z-vinylpyridine, methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate copolymer in chloroform is applied in the same manner as described in Example 1. Both types of coated and uncoated tablets are administered to the patients respectively and the excretion amount of riboflavin in urine is measured.
The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Tablet 0-3 hours, 3-6 hours,
Uneoated 2. 512 1. 285 Coated 1. 951 1. 496
What we claim is:
1. A medicinal composition comprising tablets of a solid form medicament compounded with an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic age-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styrene.
2. Medicinal tablets containing thereon a coating of an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic a,,8-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styrene.
3. A method of preparing a medicinal composition which comprised tumbling compressed units of medicament with a solution of an amphoteric film-forming polymer selected from the group consisting of copolymers of (A) vinylpyridines with (B) a lower aliphatic 0:,13-1111- saturated monocarboxylic acid of 3 to 4 carbon atoms and copolymers of (A), (B) and a neutral co-rnonomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate and styrene in a volatile solvent and removing the voltaile solvent from the composition.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,976,214 Ida Mar. 21, 1961 2,987,445 Levesque June 6, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS 217,287 Australia Sept. 16, 1958
Claims (1)
1. A MEDICINAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING TABLETS OF A SOLID FORM MEDICAMENT COMPOUNDED WITH AN AMPHOTERIC FILM-FORMING POLYMER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF COPOLYMERS IF (A) VINYLPYRIDINES WITH (B) A LOWER ALIPHATIC A,B-UNSATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID OF 3 TO 4 CARBON ATOMS AND COPOLYMERS OF (A), (B) AND NEUTRAL CO-MONOMER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF METHYL ACRYLATE, ACRYLONITRILE, VINYL ACETATE, METHYL METHACRYLATE AND STYRENE.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4709360 | 1960-11-28 | ||
CH1378761A CH415962A (en) | 1961-11-27 | 1961-11-27 | Drug coating solution |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3073748A true US3073748A (en) | 1963-01-15 |
Family
ID=32471148
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US153238A Expired - Lifetime US3073748A (en) | 1960-11-28 | 1961-11-17 | Coated medicaments |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3073748A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1156536B (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3331696A (en) * | 1962-01-20 | 1967-07-18 | Boehringer & Soehne Gmbh | Dragee coating composition |
US3379554A (en) * | 1964-04-21 | 1968-04-23 | Merck & Co Inc | Spray coating of pharmaceutical cores with a carboxylvinyl polymer and polyethylene glycol |
US4150110A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1979-04-17 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Coated granules of polyacrylic alkali metal salts and method of producing same |
US5149775A (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1992-09-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for purifying high molecular weight vinylpyridine/styrene polymers from solution |
US5824240A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1998-10-20 | Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd. | Nonlinear optical element and process for the preparation of same |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2976214A (en) * | 1959-06-22 | 1961-03-21 | Tanabe Seiyaku Co | Sealing coat for tablets and similar articles |
US2987445A (en) * | 1958-10-10 | 1961-06-06 | Rohm & Haas | Drug composition |
-
1961
- 1961-11-17 US US153238A patent/US3073748A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1961-11-24 DE DET21173A patent/DE1156536B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2987445A (en) * | 1958-10-10 | 1961-06-06 | Rohm & Haas | Drug composition |
US2976214A (en) * | 1959-06-22 | 1961-03-21 | Tanabe Seiyaku Co | Sealing coat for tablets and similar articles |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3331696A (en) * | 1962-01-20 | 1967-07-18 | Boehringer & Soehne Gmbh | Dragee coating composition |
US3379554A (en) * | 1964-04-21 | 1968-04-23 | Merck & Co Inc | Spray coating of pharmaceutical cores with a carboxylvinyl polymer and polyethylene glycol |
US4150110A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1979-04-17 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Coated granules of polyacrylic alkali metal salts and method of producing same |
US5149775A (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1992-09-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for purifying high molecular weight vinylpyridine/styrene polymers from solution |
US5824240A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1998-10-20 | Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd. | Nonlinear optical element and process for the preparation of same |
US5963360A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1999-10-05 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Nonlinear optical element and process for the preparation of same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1156536B (en) | 1963-10-31 |
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