US3069784A - Preparation of wood pulp - Google Patents

Preparation of wood pulp Download PDF

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US3069784A
US3069784A US808452A US80845259A US3069784A US 3069784 A US3069784 A US 3069784A US 808452 A US808452 A US 808452A US 80845259 A US80845259 A US 80845259A US 3069784 A US3069784 A US 3069784A
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pulp
air
dryer
percent
temperature
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US808452A
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Aldred Fred Crowther
Grew John Ernest
Townsend Bruce Arnold
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Akzo Nobel UK PLC
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Courtaulds PLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/22—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with intermeshing pins ; Pin Disk Mills
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/18—De-watering; Elimination of cooking or pulp-treating liquors from the pulp
    • D21C9/185—De-watering; Elimination of cooking or pulp-treating liquors from the pulp comprising at least one step where the pulp is suspended in a gaseous medium, e.g. flash drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
    • F26B1/005—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids by means of disintegrating, e.g. crushing, shredding, milling the materials to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
    • F26B17/103—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis with specific material feeding arrangements, e.g. combined with disintegrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/106—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure, e.g. its axis, being substantially straight and horizontal, e.g. pneumatic drum dryers; the drying enclosure consisting of multiple substantially straight and horizontal stretches

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the preparation of Wood pulp and is concerned with the drying stage.
  • the wood pulp is usually obtained in sheet form.
  • non-cellulosic material is removed by chemical processes, e.g. by the sulphite, sulphate or soda process, and excess of the pulping agent is removed.
  • the aqueous wood pulp slurry is converted into sheet form and the sheet is dried by passing it through a drying chamber.
  • these sheets are thereafter shredded, either before or after the conversion of the cellulose into alkali cellulose.
  • the pulp employed is produced by mechanical means and the chemical pulping is omitted.
  • the subsequent drying operation is usually still the relatively slow sheet-drying process.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the drying of pulp containing 40 to 60 percent of liquid, in particular 45 to 50 percent of liquid, which liquid will normally be the water remaining from an earlier washing stage.
  • the wet pulp may be prepared from a dilute aqueous stock by removing water from the stock by mechanical means, for example using a screw press, a slurry press or a centrifuge. Before drying, the pulp should be in a coarsely lumpy form, for example lumps having a diameter of about 1 to 2 inches.
  • the breaking down, if the pulp is not already in that form may be effected by using a screw conveyor.
  • the upper limit of the size of the lumps is, within reasonable practical limits, dictated by the size of the inlet aperture of the machine in which the turbulence is to be produced.
  • While the temperature of the air when it i originally brought into contact with the pulp may be anywhere within the range 300 C. to 550 C., it is preferably below 515 C.
  • a particularly convenient air temperature drop for wood pulp is from about 500 C. cooling down to about 120 C.
  • the air may be heated by heatdevices burning oil, coal or coke or by any other means.
  • the pulp is subjected to a breaking down of particle size while in contact with the hot air, using mechanical means to effect the breaking down.
  • a breaking down of particle size while in contact with the hot air, using mechanical means to effect the breaking down.
  • the conveying of the pulp through the machine in which conditions of turbulence are produced is achieved by the flow of the hot air through the machine.
  • the product issuing from the machine is therefore a mixture i of air with a pulp of low bulkdensity, e.g. of the order of 1.5 lb./ cu. ft.
  • the pulp may be separated from the air by using a cyclone, from which the pulp may be conveyed to the equipment for compressing the pulp to bulk'densitie's'more appropriate to economical transportation, eg to bulk densities in the range of 20 to 60 lb./-cu. ft.
  • a baling press may be employed, for example.
  • the exhaust air after separation from the pulp may, if desired, be recycled to ensure high thermal efficiency of the operation or the sensible and latent heat may be extracted from the .air using conventional heat-exchange apparatus.
  • the preferred machine for producing the high degree of turbulence under which the process of this invention is carried out comprises relatively contra-rotating members which intermesh on rotation.
  • a shaft 1 carries a rotor 2 and a fan 3, the latter having radial vanes. 4.
  • the rotor 2 carries teeth 5 disposed in concentric circles on one of its faces.
  • a further series of teeth 6 projects from the housing 7 of the machine in concentric circles located between the circles of teeth 5.
  • An air inlet passage 8 joins a pulp inlet passage 9 before passing through an inlet aperture 10 into the interior of the drying machine.
  • Communication between the rotor chamber 11 and the fan chamber 12 is provided by an aperture 13. Egress from the fan chamber is via an exit passage 14.
  • the air at a temperature of 300 C. to 550 C. is introduced via the passage 8, into which it is drawn by the fan 3.
  • the air meets pulp introduced via the passage 9 and carries it through the inlet aperture 10 into the rotor chamber 11.
  • the pulp and air pass out to the radial limits of the chamber and then, after passing around the edge of the rotor 2, are drawn between the teeth 5 and 6. Since the rotor is rotating at a rate of about 900 revolutions per minute or even higher, considerable turbulence is produced between the teeth. Simultaneously, the lumps of pulp are broken down by the teeth to a much smaller particle size.
  • the moisture content observations are expressed in every case as a percentage based on the weight of wet pulp.
  • the moisture content was reduced before drying using. a slurry press.
  • the air flow is expressed as a volume per minute calculated at 20 C.
  • the pulp flow is based on bone dry pulp.
  • Example 1 Moisture content of. pulp fed to plant 94 percent. Moisture content of pulp after pressing Temperature of air at dryer inlet Temperature of air at dryer outlet Air flow through dryer Pulpfiow through dryer Residence time of air in dryer Moisture content of pulp after dry- 48 percent.
  • Example 3 Moisture content of pulp fed to plant 94.5 percent. Moisture content of pulp after pressing 51.0 percent. Temperatureof'air at dryer inlet 480 C. Temperature-of'air at dryer outlet 100 C.
  • Example5 Moisture content of pulp fed to plant 95 percent. Moisture content of pulp after pressing 45 percent. Temperature of air at dryer inlet 498 C. Temperature of air at dryer outlet 102 C. Air flow through dryer 3500 cu. ft./min. Pulp flow through dryer 3000 1b./hour. Residence timeof air in dryer c; 1 sec. Moisture content of pulp after drying u 6.2 percent. Heat consumption per lb. of water evaporated 1670 B.t.u.
  • a process for drying wood pulp which comprises mixing the pulp, containing 15 to percent liquid, with a stream of air at a temperature of between about 300 C. and about 550 C., in an enclosure, to form a turbulent suspension, passing said suspension between at leasttwo relatively moving surfaces in said enclosure to reduce the particle size of said pulp, and then positively moving the suspension out of said enclosure, and sepa rating from the suspension pulp having a bulk density of the order of about 1.5 pounds/cu. ft., the total elapsed time in said enclosure being less than about 5 seconds and the temperature of the suspension as it is moved out of said enclosure being between about C. and about C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Description

Dec. 25, 1962 F. c. ALDRED ET AL 3,069,784
PREPARATION OF woon PULP Filed April 23, 1959 AT/O w SM M e fW mm 5% m wm B By fhe/r af/omeys United dtates Patent f 3,069,784 PREPARATIUN 0F WOOD PULP Fred Crowther Aldred, Coventry, John Ernest Grew,
Kenilworth, and Bruce Arnold Townsend, Rugby, England, assignors to Courtaulds Limited, London, England, a British company Filed Apr. 23, 1959, Ser. No. 808,452 Claims priority, application Great Britain May 19, 1958 1 Claim. (Cl. 34--13.8)
This invention relates to the preparation of Wood pulp and is concerned with the drying stage.
In the manufacture of a chemical pulp such as is used in the viscose industry, the wood pulp is usually obtained in sheet form. In the production of these sheets, non-cellulosic material is removed by chemical processes, e.g. by the sulphite, sulphate or soda process, and excess of the pulping agent is removed. After further extraction and purifying processes, the aqueous wood pulp slurry is converted into sheet form and the sheet is dried by passing it through a drying chamber. In the manufacture of viscose, these sheets are thereafter shredded, either before or after the conversion of the cellulose into alkali cellulose.
A disadvantage of this sequence of operations lies in the drying stage, where the pulp is dried in sheet form. Drying sheets of pulp is a relatively slow operation involving, as a consequence, fairly large machines.
In other industries, such as the paper industry, in which the presence of non-cellulosic material may not be detrimental to the product, the pulp employed is produced by mechanical means and the chemical pulping is omitted. However, the subsequent drying operation is usually still the relatively slow sheet-drying process.
To reduce the drying time, we have proposed in the specification of US. Patent 2,974,420 issued March 14, 1961 to produce dried wood pulp in a discrete form by fluidising the pulp in hot air supplied under a fluctuating pressure sufficient to cause the fluidised pulp particles to vibrate.
We have now found that a rapid drying is possible if pulp containing 15 to 75 percent of liquid, based on the weight of wet pulp, is brought into contact with air which is initially at a temperature of 300 C. to 550 C. and finally at a temperature of 90 C. to 120 C., under a degree of turbulence sufficient to prevent charring of the pulp.
The invention is particularly applicable to the drying of pulp containing 40 to 60 percent of liquid, in particular 45 to 50 percent of liquid, which liquid will normally be the water remaining from an earlier washing stage. The wet pulp may be prepared from a dilute aqueous stock by removing water from the stock by mechanical means, for example using a screw press, a slurry press or a centrifuge. Before drying, the pulp should be in a coarsely lumpy form, for example lumps having a diameter of about 1 to 2 inches. The breaking down, if the pulp is not already in that form, may be effected by using a screw conveyor. The upper limit of the size of the lumps is, within reasonable practical limits, dictated by the size of the inlet aperture of the machine in which the turbulence is to be produced.
While the temperature of the air when it i originally brought into contact with the pulp may be anywhere within the range 300 C. to 550 C., it is preferably below 515 C. A particularly convenient air temperature drop for wood pulp is from about 500 C. cooling down to about 120 C. The air may be heated by heatdevices burning oil, coal or coke or by any other means.
3,069,784 Patented Dec. 25, 1962 In order to avoid chairing of the pulp during treat ment, a high degree of turbulence of the pulp and air is desirable, so that the air is cooled from its initial temperature to its lower temperature in a very short time, for example in less than five seconds or even in a fraction of a second.
In a preferred form of the present invention, the pulp is subjected to a breaking down of particle size while in contact with the hot air, using mechanical means to effect the breaking down. In this way, not only is the flufiing resulting from the rapid evaporation of the liquid assisted by the simultaneous reduction in particle size, but also the high rate of cooling is encouraged by the breaking down.
The conveying of the pulp through the machine in which conditions of turbulence are produced is achieved by the flow of the hot air through the machine. The product issuing from the machine is therefore a mixture i of air with a pulp of low bulkdensity, e.g. of the order of 1.5 lb./ cu. ft. The pulp may be separated from the air by using a cyclone, from which the pulp may be conveyed to the equipment for compressing the pulp to bulk'densitie's'more appropriate to economical transportation, eg to bulk densities in the range of 20 to 60 lb./-cu. ft. For this latter purpose, a baling press may be employed, for example.
The exhaust air after separation from the pulp may, if desired, be recycled to ensure high thermal efficiency of the operation or the sensible and latent heat may be extracted from the .air using conventional heat-exchange apparatus.
The preferred machine for producing the high degree of turbulence under which the process of this invention is carried out comprises relatively contra-rotating members which intermesh on rotation. Such a machine will now be described by reference to the accompanying drawing, which illustrates the machine in vertical section.
Referring to the drawing, a shaft 1 carriesa rotor 2 and a fan 3, the latter having radial vanes. 4. The rotor 2 carries teeth 5 disposed in concentric circles on one of its faces. A further series of teeth 6 projects from the housing 7 of the machine in concentric circles located between the circles of teeth 5.
An air inlet passage 8 joins a pulp inlet passage 9 before passing through an inlet aperture 10 into the interior of the drying machine. Communication between the rotor chamber 11 and the fan chamber 12 is provided by an aperture 13. Egress from the fan chamber is via an exit passage 14.
In operation of the machine, the air at a temperature of 300 C. to 550 C. is introduced via the passage 8, into which it is drawn by the fan 3. The air meets pulp introduced via the passage 9 and carries it through the inlet aperture 10 into the rotor chamber 11. The pulp and air pass out to the radial limits of the chamber and then, after passing around the edge of the rotor 2, are drawn between the teeth 5 and 6. Since the rotor is rotating at a rate of about 900 revolutions per minute or even higher, considerable turbulence is produced between the teeth. Simultaneously, the lumps of pulp are broken down by the teeth to a much smaller particle size.
As a result, intimate mixing of the pulp and air is obtained and rapid liquid evaporation takes place. Since the high degree of turbulence effects rapid cooling of the air, the pulp particles are not charred by contact in the dry state with very hot air. The air carries the pulp through the aperture 13 and fan chamber 12 and 3 subsequently passes out of the machine via the exit passage 14 at a temperature in the range 90 C. to 120 C.
Using the machine described above, the five sets of observations set forth in the following examples were made. The examples are given by way of illustration only. The moisture content observations are expressed in every case as a percentage based on the weight of wet pulp. The moisture content was reduced before drying using. a slurry press. The air flow is expressed as a volume per minute calculated at 20 C. The pulp flow is based on bone dry pulp.
Example 1 Moisture content of. pulp fed to plant 94 percent. Moisture content of pulp after pressing Temperature of air at dryer inlet Temperature of air at dryer outlet Air flow through dryer Pulpfiow through dryer Residence time of air in dryer Moisture content of pulp after dry- 48 percent.
2700 cu. ft./min. 1381 lb./hour. about 1 /2- secs.
1ng.'.. 8.5 percent. evaporated 1700 B.t.u.
Example 2.
Moisture content of pulp fed to pressing a 1u; u u 51.5 percent. Temperature of air at dryer inlet' 314.5 C. Temperature of air at dryer outlet 109 C. Air flow through dryer 3650 cu. ft./min. Pulp flow through dryer 1491 lb./hour. Residence time of air in dryer about 1 sec. Moisture content of pulp after drying 7.4 percent. Heat consumption per lb. of water evaporated 1655 B.t'.u.
Example 3 Moisture content of pulp fed to plant 94.5 percent. Moisture content of pulp after pressing 51.0 percent. Temperatureof'air at dryer inlet 480 C. Temperature-of'air at dryer outlet 100 C.
Airflow'through dryer Pulp flow through dryer 3810' cu. ft./min. 2060 lb./hour.
Residence time ofair in dryer c. 1 sec. Moisture content of pulp after drying 6.8 percent.
Heat consumption per lb. of water evaporated 1655 Btu.
4 Example 4 Moisture content of pulp fed to plant 93 percent. Moisture content of pulp after pressing 58.0 percent. Temperature of air at dryer inlet 376 C. Temperature of air at dryer outlet 106 C.
3480 cu. ft./min. 1400 lb./hour.
Air flow through dryer Pulp fiow through dryer Residence time of air in dryer c. 1 sec. Moisture content of pulp after drying 7.2 percent. Heat consumption per lb. of water evaporated 1640 B.t.u.
Example5 Moisture content of pulp fed to plant 95 percent. Moisture content of pulp after pressing 45 percent. Temperature of air at dryer inlet 498 C. Temperature of air at dryer outlet 102 C. Air flow through dryer 3500 cu. ft./min. Pulp flow through dryer 3000 1b./hour. Residence timeof air in dryer c; 1 sec. Moisture content of pulp after drying u 6.2 percent. Heat consumption per lb. of water evaporated 1670 B.t.u.
What we claim is:
A process for drying wood pulp which comprises mixing the pulp, containing 15 to percent liquid, with a stream of air at a temperature of between about 300 C. and about 550 C., in an enclosure, to form a turbulent suspension, passing said suspension between at leasttwo relatively moving surfaces in said enclosure to reduce the particle size of said pulp, and then positively moving the suspension out of said enclosure, and sepa rating from the suspension pulp having a bulk density of the order of about 1.5 pounds/cu. ft., the total elapsed time in said enclosure being less than about 5 seconds and the temperature of the suspension as it is moved out of said enclosure being between about C. and about C.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS.
1,7'51 1552 Kehoe Mar. 25 1930 1,917,467 Soderlund July 11, 1933 2,075,506 Crites et al Mar; 30, 1937 2,380,214 Burrell July 10, 1945 2,565,420 Ayers Aug. 21, 1951 2,699,898 Rogers Jan. 18, 1955 2,818,917 Vincent Jan. 7, 1958 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE. OF CORRECTION Patent Noe 3,069,784 December 25 1962 Fred Crowther Aldred et a1.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the abow re numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected belowa Column l line 68 for "heatread heating column 3, line 25, Example 1, before "evaporated" insert Heat consumption per lb, of water "a Signed and sealed this 27th day of August 1963,
(SEAL) Attest:
ERNEST w. SWIDER AVID L. LADD Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316141A (en) * 1963-10-05 1967-04-25 Svenska Cellulosa Ab Process of dewatering sulphate pulp to contain less shives therein
US3815835A (en) * 1972-04-18 1974-06-11 Banyaszati Kutato Intezet Disaggregation apparatus for producing fine dispersions
US4183146A (en) * 1977-07-19 1980-01-15 Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Process for simultaneously drying mechanical wood pulp and improving mechanical strength and brightness of the pulp
US4253822A (en) * 1977-10-06 1981-03-03 Courtaulds Limited Drying wood pulp

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE432118B (en) * 1975-02-26 1984-03-19 Moelnlycke Ab MECHANICAL FLUFF MASS AND SET FOR PREPARATION THEREOF

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1751552A (en) * 1928-02-15 1930-03-25 Richard D Kehoe Method of and apparatus for drying wood pulp and the like
US1917467A (en) * 1929-11-01 1933-07-11 Technochemical Lab Ltd Drying of young grass, fodder, and the like
US2075506A (en) * 1935-06-13 1937-03-30 Raymond Brothers Impact Pulver Drying apparatus
US2380214A (en) * 1944-03-09 1945-07-10 Ellis Foster Co Activated filler and process of making same
US2565420A (en) * 1946-07-15 1951-08-21 Agrashell Inc Grinding of organic materials
US2699898A (en) * 1951-04-06 1955-01-18 Riley Stoker Corp Hot-air swept mills, with series arranged, hammer-crushing chamber, and peg and disk pulverizing chamber
US2818917A (en) * 1949-06-27 1958-01-07 Prentice E Edrington Process of evaporating moisture from syrup-forming solutions

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1751552A (en) * 1928-02-15 1930-03-25 Richard D Kehoe Method of and apparatus for drying wood pulp and the like
US1917467A (en) * 1929-11-01 1933-07-11 Technochemical Lab Ltd Drying of young grass, fodder, and the like
US2075506A (en) * 1935-06-13 1937-03-30 Raymond Brothers Impact Pulver Drying apparatus
US2380214A (en) * 1944-03-09 1945-07-10 Ellis Foster Co Activated filler and process of making same
US2565420A (en) * 1946-07-15 1951-08-21 Agrashell Inc Grinding of organic materials
US2818917A (en) * 1949-06-27 1958-01-07 Prentice E Edrington Process of evaporating moisture from syrup-forming solutions
US2699898A (en) * 1951-04-06 1955-01-18 Riley Stoker Corp Hot-air swept mills, with series arranged, hammer-crushing chamber, and peg and disk pulverizing chamber

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316141A (en) * 1963-10-05 1967-04-25 Svenska Cellulosa Ab Process of dewatering sulphate pulp to contain less shives therein
US3815835A (en) * 1972-04-18 1974-06-11 Banyaszati Kutato Intezet Disaggregation apparatus for producing fine dispersions
US4183146A (en) * 1977-07-19 1980-01-15 Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Process for simultaneously drying mechanical wood pulp and improving mechanical strength and brightness of the pulp
US4253822A (en) * 1977-10-06 1981-03-03 Courtaulds Limited Drying wood pulp

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