US3069760A - Ceramic coated tuyeres or the like - Google Patents

Ceramic coated tuyeres or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3069760A
US3069760A US741316A US74131658A US3069760A US 3069760 A US3069760 A US 3069760A US 741316 A US741316 A US 741316A US 74131658 A US74131658 A US 74131658A US 3069760 A US3069760 A US 3069760A
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Prior art keywords
tuyere
coating
tuyeres
ceramic
furnace
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US741316A
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William H Schultz
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United States Steel Corp
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United States Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
    • Y10T428/12618—Plural oxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/12917—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12924—Fe-base has 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension

Definitions

  • William H This invention relates to a ceramic coated tuyere and is particularly directed to tuyeres or similar members which are inserte into a blast furnace.
  • Such members include tuyere coolers, monkeys and monkey coolers. These members are normally made of copper and are subjected to extremely severe operating conditions because of the high temperatures in the furnace, abrasion from the moving furnace burden, and splashes of molten pig iron from the burden falling into the furnace bash. Because of these conditions, the tuyere and other members have a relatively short life.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal section of a tuyere and tuyere cooler as placed in a blast furnace wall;
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the tuyere of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional view taken on the line Ill-Ill of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a sectional view showing the monkey and monkey cooler in the furnace wall.
  • the reference numeral 2 indicates the wall at the bottom of a blast furnace.
  • a tuyere cooler 4 which supports a tuyere 6 is supported in the wall 2.
  • the tuyere 6 is of usual construction having a body 8 with an air passage 10 therethrough for the admission of a blast of air to the furnace, this passage being connected at its inlet end with the source of air supply by means of a pipe 12.
  • Surrounding the air passage 10 is a chamber 14 to which a cooling fluid is supplied by means of an inlet pipe 16. The fluid after passing through the chamber 14 is discharged through a pipe
  • the tuyere and tuyere cooler are preferably made of copper but may be made of a copper alloy.
  • copper as used in the claim is meant to include pure copper or an alloy which is predominantly of :1, the materials being those most commonly used in tuyeres.
  • the surface of the tuyere exposed to the burden of the furnace is coated with a metallic layer with a ceramic coating 22. being applied over the metal coating. 1 have found that a metal coating having a coefiicicnt of expansion between that of the body of the tuyere and that of the ceramic coating 22 must be provided between the body of the tuyere and the ceramic coating to obtain the object of the invention.
  • Metals suitable for the coating 20 include austenitic steels such as A131 types 301, 302, 30213, 303, 304, 308, 309, 310, 316, 321 and 347, chromium steels such as A151 types 403, 405, 406, 410, 414, 420, 430, 431, 440A, 4403, 440C, 442, 443, 446, 501 and 502, and pure nickel.
  • the ceramic coating 22 may be of alumina, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, cerium oxide, chromic oxide, chromite, magnesia, silica, strontium oxide, zirconia, and zirconia oxide silicate.
  • the surface of the tuyere to be coated is first roughened, as by grit blasting or knurling, to improve the adherence of the metal coating.
  • the application of the coating 20 is preferably done by blowing the metal in powdered form through a flame which applies the metal in a semi-molten form to the tuyere, which is preferably rotated as the powder is applied.
  • the fused ceramic coating is applied over the metal coating in a similar manner after the metal has solidified.
  • a similar metal coating 24 may be applied over that portion of the tuyere cooler 4 exposed to the furnace burden with a similar ceramic coating 26 applied over the coating 24.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a cinder notch monkey 28 supported by a cinder notch monkey cooler 30, which in turn is sup ported by cinder notch cooler 32.
  • the monkey 2d and monkey cooler 30 are made of the same material as the tuyere.
  • a metal coating 34 and ceramic coating 36 are applied over that portion of the surface of the monkey 28 which is exposed to the furnace burden.
  • a metal coating 33 and ceramic coating are applied over that portion of the surface of the monkey cooler 30 which is exposed to the furnace burden.
  • the coatings 34 and 38 are applied in the same manner and are of the same material as coating 20 and coatings 36 and 40 are applied in the same manner and are made of the same material as coating 22.
  • a combination of coatings found to be unite successful is a coating of a metal containing 60 to 62% nickel, 12 to 15% chromium and the remainder iron, manganese and carbon with the ceramic coating being fused alumina (A1 0
  • the metal coating should be between 0.0005 and 0.02 inch thick and is preferably between 0.002 and 0.007 inch.
  • the ceramic coating should be between 0.001 and 0.04 inch thick and is preferably between 0.005 and 0.015 inch.
  • a structure adapted to be inserted into a furnace or the like comprising a copper body, a metal coating bonded to and surrounding at least a portion of said body, said metal coating having a thickness between and 0.02 inch and a ceramic coating directly bonded to said metal coating, said ceramic coating having a thickness between 0.001 and 0.04 inch, said metal having a coeflicient of expansion intermediate the coefficient of expansion of said copper and said ceramic and being of the class consisting of austenitic steels, chromium steels and nickel, said ceramic being of the class consisting of alumina, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, cerium oxide, chromic oxide, chromite, magnesia, silica, strontium oxide, zirconia, and zirconia oxide silicate.

Description

Dec. 25, 1962 w. H. SCHULTZ CERAMIC COATED TUYERES OR THE LIKE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 11, 1958 //V VENTOR WILL 1AM H. SCHUL TZ Affarnev and (IER
William H This invention relates to a ceramic coated tuyere and is particularly directed to tuyeres or similar members which are inserte into a blast furnace. Such members include tuyere coolers, monkeys and monkey coolers. These members are normally made of copper and are subjected to extremely severe operating conditions because of the high temperatures in the furnace, abrasion from the moving furnace burden, and splashes of molten pig iron from the burden falling into the furnace bash. Because of these conditions, the tuyere and other members have a relatively short life.
It is therefore an object of my invention to provide a blast furnace tuyere or the like which has a longer than normal life.
This and other objects will be more apparent when referring to the following specification and attached drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal section of a tuyere and tuyere cooler as placed in a blast furnace wall;
FIGURE 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the tuyere of FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 3 is a sectional view taken on the line Ill-Ill of FIGURE 2; and
FIGURE 4 is a sectional view showing the monkey and monkey cooler in the furnace wall.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, the reference numeral 2 indicates the wall at the bottom of a blast furnace. A tuyere cooler 4 which supports a tuyere 6 is supported in the wall 2. The tuyere 6 is of usual construction having a body 8 with an air passage 10 therethrough for the admission of a blast of air to the furnace, this passage being connected at its inlet end with the source of air supply by means of a pipe 12. Surrounding the air passage 10 is a chamber 14 to which a cooling fluid is supplied by means of an inlet pipe 16. The fluid after passing through the chamber 14 is discharged through a pipe The tuyere and tuyere cooler are preferably made of copper but may be made of a copper alloy. The term copper as used in the claim is meant to include pure copper or an alloy which is predominantly of :1, the materials being those most commonly used in tuyeres. The surface of the tuyere exposed to the burden of the furnace is coated with a metallic layer with a ceramic coating 22. being applied over the metal coating. 1 have found that a metal coating having a coefiicicnt of expansion between that of the body of the tuyere and that of the ceramic coating 22 must be provided between the body of the tuyere and the ceramic coating to obtain the object of the invention. Metals suitable for the coating 20 include austenitic steels such as A131 types 301, 302, 30213, 303, 304, 308, 309, 310, 316, 321 and 347, chromium steels such as A151 types 403, 405, 406, 410, 414, 420, 430, 431, 440A, 4403, 440C, 442, 443, 446, 501 and 502, and pure nickel. The ceramic coating 22 may be of alumina, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, cerium oxide, chromic oxide, chromite, magnesia, silica, strontium oxide, zirconia, and zirconia oxide silicate. In applying the coating, the surface of the tuyere to be coated is first roughened, as by grit blasting or knurling, to improve the adherence of the metal coating. The application of the coating 20 is preferably done by blowing the metal in powdered form through a flame which applies the metal in a semi-molten form to the tuyere, which is preferably rotated as the powder is applied. The fused ceramic coating is applied over the metal coating in a similar manner after the metal has solidified. A similar metal coating 24 may be applied over that portion of the tuyere cooler 4 exposed to the furnace burden with a similar ceramic coating 26 applied over the coating 24.
FIGURE 4 shows a cinder notch monkey 28 supported by a cinder notch monkey cooler 30, which in turn is sup ported by cinder notch cooler 32. The monkey 2d and monkey cooler 30 are made of the same material as the tuyere. A metal coating 34 and ceramic coating 36 are applied over that portion of the surface of the monkey 28 which is exposed to the furnace burden. A metal coating 33 and ceramic coating are applied over that portion of the surface of the monkey cooler 30 which is exposed to the furnace burden. The coatings 34 and 38 are applied in the same manner and are of the same material as coating 20 and coatings 36 and 40 are applied in the same manner and are made of the same material as coating 22.
A combination of coatings found to be unite successful is a coating of a metal containing 60 to 62% nickel, 12 to 15% chromium and the remainder iron, manganese and carbon with the ceramic coating being fused alumina (A1 0 The metal coating should be between 0.0005 and 0.02 inch thick and is preferably between 0.002 and 0.007 inch. The ceramic coating should be between 0.001 and 0.04 inch thick and is preferably between 0.005 and 0.015 inch.
While several embodiments of my invention are shown and described, it will be apparent that other adaptations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claim.
I claim:
A structure adapted to be inserted into a furnace or the like comprising a copper body, a metal coating bonded to and surrounding at least a portion of said body, said metal coating having a thickness between and 0.02 inch and a ceramic coating directly bonded to said metal coating, said ceramic coating having a thickness between 0.001 and 0.04 inch, said metal having a coeflicient of expansion intermediate the coefficient of expansion of said copper and said ceramic and being of the class consisting of austenitic steels, chromium steels and nickel, said ceramic being of the class consisting of alumina, beryllium oxide, calcium oxide, cerium oxide, chromic oxide, chromite, magnesia, silica, strontium oxide, zirconia, and zirconia oxide silicate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES EATENTS 185,339 Mackey Dec. 12, 1876 639,537 Dickey Dec. 19, 1899 1,161,944 Maddy Nov. 30, 1915 2,295,945 Fralish Sept. 15, 1942 2,310,002 Van Geel Feb. 2, 1943 2,340,362 Atlee Feb. 1, 1944 2,377,321 Brown June 5, 1945 2,470,753 Alban May 24, 1949 2,495,835 Comstock Ian. 31, 1950 2,515,337 Clark July 18, 1950 2,696,662 Les Sech Dec. 14, 1954 2,775,531 Montgomery Dec. 25, 1956 2,975,078 Rayfield Mar. 14, 1961
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3175920A (en) * 1961-05-08 1965-03-30 North American Aviation Inc Corrosion protection at intermediate temperatures
US3197291A (en) * 1961-04-17 1965-07-27 North American Aviation Inc Ceramic coated corrosion-resistant product
US3260579A (en) * 1962-02-14 1966-07-12 Hughes Tool Co Hardfacing structure
US3831918A (en) * 1972-06-13 1974-08-27 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Heat insulating durable tuyere
US3977660A (en) * 1974-02-28 1976-08-31 Toyo Calorizing Ind. Co., Ltd. Blast-furnace tuyere having excellent thermal shock resistance and high durability
DE2820699A1 (en) * 1977-05-12 1978-11-16 Kawasaki Steel Co FURNACE WINDFORM
US4189130A (en) * 1978-10-19 1980-02-19 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Blast-furnace tuyere
US4189331A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-02-19 Canada Wire And Cable Limited Oxidation resistant barrier coated copper based substrate and method for producing the same
US6446565B2 (en) * 1999-02-05 2002-09-10 Mannesmannröhren-Werke Ag Blast tuyere for shaft furnaces, in particular blast furnaces or hot-blast cupola furnaces
DE102010007122A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 SAB S.àr.l. nozzle
WO2018002832A1 (en) 2016-06-29 2018-01-04 Tenova South Africa (Pty) Ltd Element for use in non-ferrous smelting apparatus

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US185339A (en) * 1876-12-12 Improvement in plates for mending sheet-metal ware
US639537A (en) * 1899-08-14 1899-12-19 Wallace C Dickey Manufacture of planished iron and steel.
US1161944A (en) * 1915-02-02 1915-11-30 Lohmann Company Process of forming a protective metal coating upon metallic articles.
US2295945A (en) * 1940-01-24 1942-09-15 Western Electric Co Manufacture of vitreous enameled articles
US2310002A (en) * 1937-06-24 1943-02-02 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Method of making blocking layer electrode systems
US2340362A (en) * 1942-02-27 1944-02-01 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Window construction for X-ray tubes
US2377321A (en) * 1939-05-20 1945-06-05 Western Electric Co Enamel coated article
US2470753A (en) * 1946-02-18 1949-05-24 Chace Co W M Thermostatic laminated metal
US2495835A (en) * 1945-10-15 1950-01-31 George N Hibben Light-colored enameled steel article
US2515337A (en) * 1947-06-24 1950-07-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Metal to glass seal and method of producing same
US2696662A (en) * 1947-10-27 1954-12-14 Snecma Member to be used in thermic engines
US2775531A (en) * 1949-05-10 1956-12-25 Univ Ohio State Res Found Method of coating a metal surface
US2975078A (en) * 1957-10-21 1961-03-14 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Ceramic coated wire

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US185339A (en) * 1876-12-12 Improvement in plates for mending sheet-metal ware
US639537A (en) * 1899-08-14 1899-12-19 Wallace C Dickey Manufacture of planished iron and steel.
US1161944A (en) * 1915-02-02 1915-11-30 Lohmann Company Process of forming a protective metal coating upon metallic articles.
US2310002A (en) * 1937-06-24 1943-02-02 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Method of making blocking layer electrode systems
US2377321A (en) * 1939-05-20 1945-06-05 Western Electric Co Enamel coated article
US2295945A (en) * 1940-01-24 1942-09-15 Western Electric Co Manufacture of vitreous enameled articles
US2340362A (en) * 1942-02-27 1944-02-01 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Window construction for X-ray tubes
US2495835A (en) * 1945-10-15 1950-01-31 George N Hibben Light-colored enameled steel article
US2470753A (en) * 1946-02-18 1949-05-24 Chace Co W M Thermostatic laminated metal
US2515337A (en) * 1947-06-24 1950-07-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Metal to glass seal and method of producing same
US2696662A (en) * 1947-10-27 1954-12-14 Snecma Member to be used in thermic engines
US2775531A (en) * 1949-05-10 1956-12-25 Univ Ohio State Res Found Method of coating a metal surface
US2975078A (en) * 1957-10-21 1961-03-14 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Ceramic coated wire

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197291A (en) * 1961-04-17 1965-07-27 North American Aviation Inc Ceramic coated corrosion-resistant product
US3175920A (en) * 1961-05-08 1965-03-30 North American Aviation Inc Corrosion protection at intermediate temperatures
US3260579A (en) * 1962-02-14 1966-07-12 Hughes Tool Co Hardfacing structure
US3831918A (en) * 1972-06-13 1974-08-27 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Heat insulating durable tuyere
US3977660A (en) * 1974-02-28 1976-08-31 Toyo Calorizing Ind. Co., Ltd. Blast-furnace tuyere having excellent thermal shock resistance and high durability
DE2820699A1 (en) * 1977-05-12 1978-11-16 Kawasaki Steel Co FURNACE WINDFORM
US4189331A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-02-19 Canada Wire And Cable Limited Oxidation resistant barrier coated copper based substrate and method for producing the same
US4189130A (en) * 1978-10-19 1980-02-19 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Blast-furnace tuyere
US6446565B2 (en) * 1999-02-05 2002-09-10 Mannesmannröhren-Werke Ag Blast tuyere for shaft furnaces, in particular blast furnaces or hot-blast cupola furnaces
DE102010007122A1 (en) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 SAB S.àr.l. nozzle
WO2018002832A1 (en) 2016-06-29 2018-01-04 Tenova South Africa (Pty) Ltd Element for use in non-ferrous smelting apparatus

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