US3068115A - Electrostatic emulsion development - Google Patents

Electrostatic emulsion development Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3068115A
US3068115A US87408A US8740861A US3068115A US 3068115 A US3068115 A US 3068115A US 87408 A US87408 A US 87408A US 8740861 A US8740861 A US 8740861A US 3068115 A US3068115 A US 3068115A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
latent image
bearing member
image bearing
droplets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US87408A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert W Gundlach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DER32482A priority Critical patent/DE1302344B/de
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US87408A priority patent/US3068115A/en
Priority to GB13758/62A priority patent/GB1006230A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3068115A publication Critical patent/US3068115A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/108—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer with which the recording material is brought in contact, e.g. immersion or surface immersion development
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • liquid immersion development in which development is effected by immersing a latent image bearing member in a dispersion of finely divided particles suspended in a volatile insulating liquid.
  • This development method is particularly attractive for many applications, since it involves only relatively simple apparatus and since it has proven capable of developing images of extremely high resolution and with a minimum of apparent graininess.
  • this method in common with the previously described dry powder methods, requires a supply of fine pigmented particles having very carefully controlled properties. For good results in development, the particles must be of highly uniform and carefully controlled particle size, and such size control is difiicult to accomplish with extremely fine particles as are required.
  • the particles are generally required to have a carefully controlled electrostatic charge which is acquired by triboelectrification or similar processes. This in turn requires careful control of the chemical composition and structural uniformity of the developer particles.
  • These problems are not insoluble, and suitable developer powder materials for xerography are commercially available but their manufacture remains a relatively expensive and difficult process.
  • developer powders by their inherent nature, do not adhere strongly or permanently to the latent image bearing member or other common surfaces such as paper. It therefore becomes necessary with any of the above-described xerographic development methods, to use special materials or techniques to secure permanent images in which the developer particles are tightly and permanently bonded to a support surface.
  • novel methods and ap aratus whereby a suspension of liquid developer droplets is formed in an insulating carrier liquid directly at the time and place of utilization thereof and whe eby the droplets are charged to an optional and controllable electrical polarity.
  • FIG. 1 represents a partially schematic isometric view of one form of xerographic development apparatus according to the invention
  • FiG. 2 represents a partially schematic isometric View of a second form of development apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FlG. 3 represents a partially schematic isometric view of a third form of development apparatus according to the present invention.
  • a xerographic development process starts with an electrostatic latent image pattern on a suitable surface.
  • the most common method of forming such an image involves depositing a uniform electrostatic charge on a xerographic plate including a photoconductive insulating layer and then selectively discharging the uniform charge by exposure of the plate to a pattern of light and shadow.
  • Other methods are also known for forming electrostatic latent images on xerographic plates.
  • methods are also known and are in use for forming charge patterns on insulating materials which do not have photoconductive properties.
  • any electrostatic latent image or electric field pattern regardless of how formed, is a suitable starting point for development in accordance with the present invention.
  • Xerographic plates fall generally into one of two classes.
  • the first class of plate comprises a layer of vitreous photoconductive insulating material such as vitreous selenium, sulfur or the like which may optionally be coated on any suitable support material.
  • the second class includes a photoconductive insulating layer comprising a dispersion of photoconductive particles, such as zinc oxide, in an insulating binder material such as a resin.
  • the photoconductive insulating layer may again be coated on a suitable support material.
  • the first class of plate is characterized as having a photoconductive insulating layer which is substantially impermeable to liquids whereas the second class of plates have photoconductive insulating layers which physically resemble highly pigmented paints and accordingly tend to be slightly permeable or absorbent toward liquids.
  • latent image bearing surfaces of the non-photo conductor type may be divided into permeable and impermeable types of m terials.
  • the fi st class is comprised of such things as insulating plastic films which may be selfsupporting or coated on various supports such as paper or metal Webs, and the second class is composed of pe meable materials such as carefully dried naner.
  • pe meable materials such as carefully dried naner.
  • liquid development processes enerally. development is accomplished by immersin or otherwise contactin the xerographic plate or other latent image bearin member with a liquid developer material comprising a suspension of finely divided developer material in a liquid carrier.
  • the carrier liquid must be a highly insulating material with a volume resistivity of at least about ohm centimeters in order to avoid discharge of the electrostatic latent image, and should not be a solvent for any part of the xerographic plate or other latent image bearing member. Additionally, it should not be excessively viscous in order that it not prevent the motion of the developer material under the influence of electric fields and should be at least moderately volatile, since the desired result of the development process is a dry image.
  • a particularly useful class of materials comprises refined petroleum hydrocarbons having a volatility at least about as great as that of kerosene and preferably not more than about that of gasoline. Such materials are widely available and variously known as min ral spirits, petroleum naphtha, Stoddard solvent, etc., and are also sold under such trade names as Solvesso (Esso Standard Oil Company) and Sovasol (Socony Mobil Oil Company).
  • Solvesso Esso Standard Oil Company
  • Sovasol Socony Mobil Oil Company
  • a particularly useful material of this class is Sohio Odorless Solvent (SOS) sold by the Standard Oil Company of Ohio.
  • Suitable liquids other than petroleum hydrocarbons are known including carbon tetrachloride and these may also be employed.
  • FIG. 1 there is, in partially schematic form, a representation of one form of apparatus suitable for use with the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes a container 10 which is filled with an electrically insulating carrier liquid 11 of the type already described and is capable of receiving within liquid 11 at Xerographic plate 12 or other electrostatic latent image bearing member.
  • Xerographic plate 12 is shown for illustrative purposes only as comprising a photoconductive insulating layer 13 on a conductive support layer 14 and is also shown for illustrative purposes only as supported within containers 10 by an electrical lead 25. It will be understood that in a commercial form of apparatus other support means for plate 12 may be provided, including frames, guides, easels and the like.
  • developing liquid 17' is a liquid material which is substantially immiscible with the carrier liquid 11 and is capable of liquid 11 in the form of very small veloper material may also optionally contain a soluble dye or the like in order to render the developer material visible and therefore to make the developed images likewise visible. Since the developer material is employed in being dispersed in droplets. The dethe form of a dispersion within the insulating carrier liquid 11, it cannot discharge the electrostatic latent image until it deposits thereon and therefore the requirements for the electrical resistivity of the developer material are much less stringent than for the carrier liquid.
  • the developer material deposits on the electrostatic latent image in the form of discrete and mutually separated droplets or particles. As development proceeds, these .droplets may coalesce to form a thin film which might, if conductive, tend to discharge the latent image. At this point, however, the latent image is already substantially developed, and furthermore, a thin film is much less effective in discharging a surface than is a bulk mass of material such as the carrier liquid. For these reasons, the developer material may have a resistivity many orders of magnitude less than that of the carrier liquid which must generally have a resistivity at least on the order of about 10 ohm centimeters. As
  • developing liquid 17 not only need not have the high electrical resistivity of carrier liquid 11 but must, in fact, have a substantially lower resistivity in order to operate effectively.
  • an almost limitless number of materials exist which meet the above requirements for developing liquid17 and which may be used in conjunction with the present invention.
  • One suitable class of material cornprises aqueous inks such as ordinary commercial fountain pen inks. In some cases it may be desirable to add a few percent of alcohol to such inks to reduce their surface tension.
  • Another particularly useful class of materials includes glycols, preferably including soluble dyes. Particularly suitable examples include ethylene glycol containing about 5% of crystal violet or malachite green dye.
  • One end of a tube 18 is immersed in liquid 17 and leads from container 16 into container 10 and terminates in a finely drawn capillary nozzle 19 which is pointed toward xerographic plate 12 and spaced on the order of a few inches therefrom. At least the portion of tube 18 which is immersed in liquid 11 should be of an insulating. material such as glass.
  • a high voltage DC. power supply 29 is connected by lead 24 to electrode 21 which is immersed in liquid 17 and by lead 25 to xerographic plate 12 which is also supported in container 10 and liquid 11 Y thereby.
  • Some forms of xerographic plate do not include an electrically conductive support layer 14.
  • the plate may be temporarily supported on a conductive plate attached to power supply 20, or power supply 20 may simply be connected to container 10 if the container is electrically conductive.
  • the power supply may be connected directly to container 16 instead of to an immersed electrode 21 where the container 16 is itself electrically conductive or may be connected to an electrode within tube 18.
  • Power supply 20 is adapted to apply a high direct current potential on the order of 4000 volts between liquid 17 and xerographic plate 12. When the power supply is energized, liquid 17 within tube 18 and capillary tip 19 is electrified by virtue of the conductivity of liquid 17 and tiny droplets of liquid 17 are drawn from capillary nozzle 19 and are attracted toward the xerographic plate.
  • the developer liquid should generally be sufiiciently conductive to create a conductive path therethrough to electrify nozzle 19 from electrode 21.
  • These emitted droplets carry an electrostatic charge which is determined by the connection made to power supply 20. If the negative terminal of the power supply is connected to electrode 21, then the droplets will be negatively charged; whereas, if the positive terminal is connected to the electrode 21, the droplets will be positively charged.
  • the droplets polarity is selected on the basis of the polarity of the electrostatic latent image on the xerographic plate and on whether it is desired to develop the charged or uncharged portion of the electrostatic latent image.
  • the droplets After issuing from the capillary tip 19, the droplets travel toward the Xerographic plate and are electrostatically attracted to the charged or uncharged area of the plate, depending upon their polarity and that of the plate. Some of the graphic plate but may instead, assuming they are heavier than liquid 11, settle out at the bottom of container 10 forming a layer of liquid 17. This, however, is not in any way detrimental to the functioning of the apparatus. If the droplets are lighter than liquid 11, they will, of course, form a layer at the top of liquid 11. There is also shown in FIG. 1 a development electrode 15 in the form of a fine mesh screen which is positioned very closely adjacent to the electro-static latent image on plate 12 and is electrically connected theretothrough lead 26.
  • Such an electrode is not an essential feature of the invention but is included to illustrate advantages inherent in the invention.
  • Such an electrode as is known droplets may not reach the xeroin the xerographic art, is useful for drawing out the electrostatic line of force from xerographic plate 12 thereby securing better development of continuous tone type images and other images including large solid areas.
  • Various forms of development electrodes tend to become clogged or dirtied by the developer material employed and have required frequent cleaning.
  • electrode 15 may intercept some of the droplets of developer liquid 17, but these droplets Will simply coalesce to form a thin liquid film on the electrode which will simply drain oft to the bottom as illustrated, or top, as the case may be, of liquid 11.
  • a xerographic plate or other electrostatic latent image bearing member is immersed in container 10, and power supply 2%) is energized to cause droplets of liquid developer material to be dispersed within the carrier liquid in container 10 and to be selectively deposited on the electrostatic latent image.
  • This deposition is generally complete in a short time on the order of a few seconds to a minute.
  • the Xerographic plate is then removed from container 10 carrying with it a visible pattern of developer liquid in image configuration.
  • the developer material is not only attracted to the plate but is absorbed within the plate within a few seconds to form a completely permanent image which needs no further fixing operation to be rendered permanent.
  • the xerographic plate is of the impermeable type, the developed image will remain on the plate surface rather than soaking in. This will lead to the formation of a dry and moderately adherent image if the developer material is itself volatile. If, however, a non-volatile material such as ethylene glycol is employed, the image will remain in the liquid condition.
  • the xerographic plate is then pressed against a sheet of paper or other pe meable transfer material, the developer material will transfer from the impermeable plate to the permeable transfer material and soak into the transfer material forming an inherently permanent image thereon. Again, the need for a separate fixing operation or special transfer material has been eliminated and the xerogra hic plate can be washed free of any remaining developer material and be reused.
  • FIG. 2 shows another form of apparatus according to the invention.
  • container 16 and tube 18 are combined into a single structure and tube 18 passes through the wall of container 10 rather than passing thereover.
  • elements 16 and 18 are the complete functional equivalents of the corresponding elements in FIG. 1.
  • an electrically conductive ring 3% which is positioned adjacent and in front of capillary nozzle 19 and which is electrically connected, by lead 27 to the terminal of high voltage power supply 20 opposite to that connected to electrode 21.
  • the power supply is energized, there is thus established an electric field between capillary nozzle 1% and ring 3%; which causes droplets of developer liquid 17 to issue from capillary nozzle 19 and pass through ring 3% toward xerographic plate 12.
  • the electric field causing droplet emission is entirely independent of any electrostatic charge pattern on xerographic plate 12, and there is thus provided a more complete control over droplet emission than is provided by the arrangement of HG. l.
  • liquid levels in containers and 16 are depicted as being approximately equal. This is representative of a typical, but not a necessary, operating condition. in general, the two liquid levels will vary from each other by an amount depending on such factors the interfacial tension and relative densities of liquids and 17. The general requirement is that the hydrostatic pressure of liquid 17 within capi.- lary nozzle should approximate the pressure in liquid 11 adj' cent to nozzle 19. if the pressure inside nozzle It? one s the outside pressure by more than an amount 2/: depends upon the size of the capillary nozzle and the interface tension of the two liquids, liquid 17 will dribble out of nozzle l even in the absence of an electric field.
  • T e invention has heretofore been illustrated in terms Oil separate containers for the difierent liquids employed and in terms of a xerographic plate vertically positioned for development. Neither of these conditions is necessary, and FIG. 3 illustrates another form of apparatus according to the invention in which these features are absent.
  • xerographic plate 12 is positioned in container beneath the surface of liquid 11 with its photoconductive layer 13 facing downward.
  • Developer liquid 1'7 is maintained within container 10 in the form of a discrete layer at the bottom thereof.
  • Tube 18 communicates with liquid 17 and ends in an upwardly pointing capillary nozzle 19 which i located within liquid 11 and preferably just above the interface between liquid 11 and liquid 17.
  • Electrode 21 is positioned within liquid 17 and preferably close to or even within tube 18.
  • the method of developing an electrostatic latent image bearing member capable of retaining electrostatic charges comprising contacting the member with a body of dielectric liquid, electrostatically generating within said dielectric liquid a supply of finely divided droplets of a developing liquid substantially immiscible with said dielectric liquid, and selectively electrostatically attracting said droplets through said body of liquid to said latent image bearing member in accordance with the latent image thereon.
  • the method of developing an electrostatic latent image on a latent image bearing member with liquid droplets comprising immersing the latent image bearing member in a first liquid having a volume electrical resistivity substantially suificient to prevent dissipation of said latent image, immersing in said first liquid an electrically insulating capillary nozzle filled with a second colored liquid substantially immiscible with said first liquid and having a substantially lower electrical resistivity than said first liquid and substantially oriented toward said image bearing member, and establishing an electric field from said nozzle whereby said second liquid is caused to issue from said nozzle in the form of fine. droplets which are attracted to said image bearing member, the electrical polarity of said nozzle being identical with the desired polarity of said droplets.
  • the method of developing an electrostatic latent image on a latent image bearing member with liquid droplets comprising immersing the latent image bearing member in a first liquid having a volume electrical resistivity of at least about 10 ohm centimeters to prevent dissipation of said latent image, immersing in said first liquid an electrically insulating capillary nozzle filled with a second colored liquid substantially immiscible with said first liquid and having a substantially lower electrical resistivity than said first liquid and substantially oriented toward said image bearing member, and establishing an electric field from said nozzle whereby said second liquid is caused to issue from said nozzle in the form of fine droplets which are attracted to said image bearing member, the electrical polarity of said nozzle being identical with the desired polarity of said drop-lets.
  • the method of developing an electrostatic latent image on a latent image bearing member with liquid droplets comprising immersing the latent image bearing member in a first liquid having a volume electrical resistivity substantially suificient to prevent dissipation of said latent image, immersing in said first liquid an electrically insulating capillary nozzle filled with a second colored liquid substantially immiscible with said first liquid and having a substantially lower electrical resistivity than said first liquid and substantially oriented toward said image bearing member, and establishing an electric potential difference between said nozzle and said image bearing member whereby said second liquid is caused to issue from said nozzle in the form of fine droplets which are attracted to said image bearing member, the electrical polarity of said nozzle being identical with the desired polarity of said droplets.
  • the method of developing an electrostatic latent image on a latent image bearing member with liquid droplets comprising immersing the latent image bearing member in a first liquid having a volume electrical resistivity substantially sufficient to prevent dissipation of said latent image, immersing in said first liquid an electrically insulating capillary nozzle filled with a second colored liquid substantially immiscible with said first liquid and having a substantially lower electrical resistivity than said first liquid and substantially oriented toward said image bearing member, and establishing an electric potential difference between said nozzle and a ring electrode substantially encircling said nozzle whereby said second liquid is caused to issue from said nozzle in the form of fine droplets which are attracted to said image bearing member, the electrical polarity of said nozzle being identical with the desired polarity of said droplets.
  • the method of developing an electrostatic latent image on a latent image bearing member with liquid droplets comprising immersing the latent image bearing member in a first liquid having a volume electrical resistivity of at least about 10 ohm centimeters to prevent dissipation of said latent image, immersing in said first liquid an electrically insulating capillary nozzle filled with a colored ethylene glycol liquid substantially immiscible with said first liquid and having a substantially lower electrical resistivity than said first liquid and substantially oriented toward said image bearing member, and establishing an electric field from said nozzle whereby said second liquid is caused to issue from said nozzle in the form of fine droplets which are attracted to said image bearing member, the electrical polarity of said nozzle being identical with the desired polarity of said droplets.
  • the method of developing an electrostatic latent image on a latent image bearing member with liquid droplets comprising immersing the latent image bearing memher in a first liquid having a volume electrical resistivity of at least about 10 ohm centimeters to prevent dissipation of said latent image, immersing insaid first liquid an electrically insulating capilliary nozzle filled with an aqueous ink substantially immiscible with said first liquid and having a substantially lower electrical resistivity than said first liquid and substantially oriented toward said image bearing member, and establishing an electric field from said nozzle whereby said second liquid is caused to issue from said nozzle in the form of fine droplets which are attracted to said image bearing member, the electrical polarity of said nozzle being identical with the desired polarity of said dropletss 10.
  • the method of developing and fixing an electrostatic latent image on a liquid permeable latent image bearing member with liquid droplets comprising immersing the latent image bearing member in a first liquid having a volume electrical resistivity substantially sufiicient' to prevent dissipation of said latent image, immersing in said first liquid an electrically insulating capillary nozzle filled with a second colored liquid substantially immiscible with said first liquid and having a substantially lower electrical resistivity than said first liquid and substantially oriented toward said image bearing member, establishing an electric field from said nozzle whereby said second liquid is caused to issue from said nozzle in.
  • the method of developing and fixing an electrostatic latent image on a liquid impermeable latent image bearing member with liquid droplets comprising immersing the latent image bearing member in a first liquid having a volume electrical resistivity substantially sufficient to prevent dissipation of said latent image, immersing in said first liquid an electrically insulating capillary nozzle filled with a second colored liquid substantially immiscible with said first liquid and having a substantially lower electrical resistivity than said first liquid and substantially oriented toward said image bearing member, establishing an electric field from said nozzle whereby said second liquid is caused to issue from said nozzle in the form of fine droplets which are attracted to said image bearing member, the electrical polarity of said nozzle being identical with the desired polarity of said droplets removing the latent image bearing member from the first liquid, contacting the latent image bearing member with a sheet of liquid permeable material, and separating the permeable sheet from the image bearing member.
  • Apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image on an image bearing member comprising container means having therein a body of dielectric liquid and adapted to receive an image bearing member within said dielectric liquid and having therein a supply of colored developing liquid having an electrical resistivity substantially less than that of said dielectric liquid and being substantially immiscible therewith, means to support an image bearing member within said dielectric liquid, a conduit filled with said developing liquid connecting said developing liquid with said dielectric liquid and terminating in at least one electrically insulating capillary nozzle within said dielectric liquid and substantially directed at said image bearing member, and means to establish at said capillary nozzle an electric field whereby said developing liquid is atomized from said nozzle into said dielectric liquid and is attracted toward said image bearing member.
  • Apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image on an image bearing member comprising a container having therein a body of dielectric liquid and adapted to receive an image bearing member within said dielectric liquid, means to support an image bearing member within said dielectric liquid, a container having therein a supply of colored developing liquid having an electrical resistivity substantially less than that of said dielectric liquid and being substantially immiscible therewith, a conduit filled with said developing liquid connecting said developing liquid with said dielectric liquid and terminating 10 in at least one electrically insulating capillary nozzle withsaid dielectric liquid and substantially directed at said image bearing member, and a high voltage DC. power supply electrically connected to the liquid within said capillary nozzle whereby said developing liquid is atomized.
  • Apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising a container having therein a body of dielectric liquid and adapted to receive an image bearing member within said dielectric liquid, means to support an image bearing member within said dielectric liquid, 9. container having therein a supply of colored developing liquid having an electrical resistivity substantially less than that of said dielectric liquid, a conduit filled with said developing liquid connecting said developing liquid with said dielectric liquid and terminating in at least one electrically insulating capillary nozzle within said dielectric liquid and susbtantially directed at said image hearing member, a substantially ring-shaped electrode substantially encircling said capillary nozzle, and a high voltage direct current power supply connected between said electrode and said developing liquid whereby said developing liquid is atomized from said nozzle.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
US87408A 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Electrostatic emulsion development Expired - Lifetime US3068115A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DER32482A DE1302344B (ja) 1961-02-06
US87408A US3068115A (en) 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Electrostatic emulsion development
GB13758/62A GB1006230A (en) 1961-02-06 1962-04-10 Improvements in development of electrostatic images

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87408A US3068115A (en) 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Electrostatic emulsion development
GB13758/62A GB1006230A (en) 1961-02-06 1962-04-10 Improvements in development of electrostatic images

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3068115A true US3068115A (en) 1962-12-11

Family

ID=26249982

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US87408A Expired - Lifetime US3068115A (en) 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Electrostatic emulsion development

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3068115A (ja)
DE (1) DE1302344B (ja)
GB (1) GB1006230A (ja)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3176653A (en) * 1963-02-20 1965-04-06 Rca Corp Fluid applicator apparatus
US3249088A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-05-03 Scm Corp Developing tank unit for electrostatic printing
US3256197A (en) * 1958-09-23 1966-06-14 Harris Intertype Corp Liquid developer for electrostatic charge images
US3285741A (en) * 1961-04-19 1966-11-15 Agfa Gevaert Nv Process for developing electrostatic latent images
US3330683A (en) * 1961-04-26 1967-07-11 Bayer Ag Method of developing an electrostatic image with an electrically charged liquid aerosol
US3336906A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-08-22 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Apparatus for immersion development
US3365324A (en) * 1963-03-18 1968-01-23 Bernice B Blake Solution development of xerographic latent images
US3383209A (en) * 1960-11-08 1968-05-14 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Electrophotographic process including selective wetting by the developer liquid
US3392018A (en) * 1962-04-11 1968-07-09 Commw Of Australia Xerochemical development of electrostatic images
US3417734A (en) * 1964-04-07 1968-12-24 Bayer Ag Apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image with a liquid aerosol
US3419411A (en) * 1963-09-06 1968-12-31 Australia Res Lab Method for the transfer of developed electrostatic images using a lattice forming substance
US3435802A (en) * 1965-06-30 1969-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Electrographic liquid developing apparatus
US3440160A (en) * 1966-02-09 1969-04-22 Pitney Bowes Inc Method and apparatus for controlling suspension concentrations
US3486922A (en) * 1967-05-29 1969-12-30 Agfa Gevaert Nv Development of electrostatic patterns with aqueous conductive developing liquid
US3498917A (en) * 1965-10-23 1970-03-03 Philips Corp Liquid developer for electrostatic images
US3505231A (en) * 1961-03-13 1970-04-07 Australia Res Lab Liquid developer for xerography
US3512965A (en) * 1963-07-12 1970-05-19 Australia Res Lab Electroprinting method
US3603289A (en) * 1967-12-05 1971-09-07 Ricoh Kk Electrostatic latent image developing apparatus
US3862849A (en) * 1967-12-05 1975-01-28 Ricoh Kk Method for preparation of developing solution for developing electrostatic latent images
US3865611A (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-02-11 Xerox Corp Method for electrostatic image development employing toner and carrier supported by a conductive liquid electrode surface
US3885960A (en) * 1972-12-11 1975-05-27 Bell & Howell Co Method of development of liquid electrostatic images using an hydrophobic barrier liquid
US3976583A (en) * 1972-12-21 1976-08-24 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Electrophotographic developer liquid
US4126711A (en) * 1974-09-24 1978-11-21 Xerox Corporation Charge pattern development method and apparatus
US4272599A (en) * 1973-08-20 1981-06-09 International Business Machines Corporation Ink development of electrostatic images
US20170203505A1 (en) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-20 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Additive deposition system and method
US9993839B2 (en) 2016-01-18 2018-06-12 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated System and method for coating a substrate
US10493483B2 (en) 2017-07-17 2019-12-03 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Central fed roller for filament extension atomizer
US10500784B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2019-12-10 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Additive deposition system and method
US10919215B2 (en) 2017-08-22 2021-02-16 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Electrostatic polymer aerosol deposition and fusing of solid particles for three-dimensional printing

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1958406A (en) * 1926-12-27 1934-05-15 William A Darrah Electrical spraying device
US2784109A (en) * 1950-09-18 1957-03-05 Haloid Co Method for developing electrostatic images
US2940847A (en) * 1957-07-03 1960-06-14 None i red
US3001888A (en) * 1957-09-25 1961-09-26 Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald Method of developing an electrostatic image

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1958406A (en) * 1926-12-27 1934-05-15 William A Darrah Electrical spraying device
US2784109A (en) * 1950-09-18 1957-03-05 Haloid Co Method for developing electrostatic images
US2940847A (en) * 1957-07-03 1960-06-14 None i red
US3001888A (en) * 1957-09-25 1961-09-26 Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald Method of developing an electrostatic image

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3256197A (en) * 1958-09-23 1966-06-14 Harris Intertype Corp Liquid developer for electrostatic charge images
US3383209A (en) * 1960-11-08 1968-05-14 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Electrophotographic process including selective wetting by the developer liquid
US3505231A (en) * 1961-03-13 1970-04-07 Australia Res Lab Liquid developer for xerography
US3285741A (en) * 1961-04-19 1966-11-15 Agfa Gevaert Nv Process for developing electrostatic latent images
US3330683A (en) * 1961-04-26 1967-07-11 Bayer Ag Method of developing an electrostatic image with an electrically charged liquid aerosol
US3392018A (en) * 1962-04-11 1968-07-09 Commw Of Australia Xerochemical development of electrostatic images
US3176653A (en) * 1963-02-20 1965-04-06 Rca Corp Fluid applicator apparatus
US3365324A (en) * 1963-03-18 1968-01-23 Bernice B Blake Solution development of xerographic latent images
US3249088A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-05-03 Scm Corp Developing tank unit for electrostatic printing
US3512965A (en) * 1963-07-12 1970-05-19 Australia Res Lab Electroprinting method
US3419411A (en) * 1963-09-06 1968-12-31 Australia Res Lab Method for the transfer of developed electrostatic images using a lattice forming substance
US3417734A (en) * 1964-04-07 1968-12-24 Bayer Ag Apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image with a liquid aerosol
US3336906A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-08-22 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Apparatus for immersion development
US3435802A (en) * 1965-06-30 1969-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Electrographic liquid developing apparatus
US3498917A (en) * 1965-10-23 1970-03-03 Philips Corp Liquid developer for electrostatic images
US3440160A (en) * 1966-02-09 1969-04-22 Pitney Bowes Inc Method and apparatus for controlling suspension concentrations
US3486922A (en) * 1967-05-29 1969-12-30 Agfa Gevaert Nv Development of electrostatic patterns with aqueous conductive developing liquid
US3603289A (en) * 1967-12-05 1971-09-07 Ricoh Kk Electrostatic latent image developing apparatus
US3862849A (en) * 1967-12-05 1975-01-28 Ricoh Kk Method for preparation of developing solution for developing electrostatic latent images
US3865611A (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-02-11 Xerox Corp Method for electrostatic image development employing toner and carrier supported by a conductive liquid electrode surface
US3885960A (en) * 1972-12-11 1975-05-27 Bell & Howell Co Method of development of liquid electrostatic images using an hydrophobic barrier liquid
US3976583A (en) * 1972-12-21 1976-08-24 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Electrophotographic developer liquid
US4272599A (en) * 1973-08-20 1981-06-09 International Business Machines Corporation Ink development of electrostatic images
US4126711A (en) * 1974-09-24 1978-11-21 Xerox Corporation Charge pattern development method and apparatus
US9993839B2 (en) 2016-01-18 2018-06-12 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated System and method for coating a substrate
US10112213B2 (en) 2016-01-18 2018-10-30 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated System and method for coating a substrate
US20170203505A1 (en) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-20 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Additive deposition system and method
US10434703B2 (en) * 2016-01-20 2019-10-08 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Additive deposition system and method
US10500784B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2019-12-10 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Additive deposition system and method
US10493483B2 (en) 2017-07-17 2019-12-03 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Central fed roller for filament extension atomizer
US10919215B2 (en) 2017-08-22 2021-02-16 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Electrostatic polymer aerosol deposition and fusing of solid particles for three-dimensional printing
US11413813B2 (en) 2017-08-22 2022-08-16 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Electrostatic polymer aerosol deposition and fusing of solid particles for three-dimensional printing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1302344B (ja)
GB1006230A (en) 1965-09-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3068115A (en) Electrostatic emulsion development
US2647464A (en) Electrography
US3876448A (en) Electrostatic developing process
US4021586A (en) Method of and means for the development of electrostatic images
US3656990A (en) Electrosolography
US4413048A (en) Developing composition for a latent electrostatic image for transfer of the developed image across a gap to a carrier sheet
US3776723A (en) Improved liquid transfer electrophotographic development process
US4777106A (en) Electrostatic toning
US3776630A (en) Electrostatic printing method and apparatus
US3005726A (en) Process of developing electrostatic images
US3894512A (en) Electrostatic developing apparatus
US3330683A (en) Method of developing an electrostatic image with an electrically charged liquid aerosol
US3311490A (en) Developing electrostatic charge image with a liquid developer of two immiscible phases
US3120446A (en) Method of transferring a developed solid particulate image
US3372027A (en) Xerographic liquid development
US3064622A (en) Immersion development
US3806354A (en) Method of cyclically developing electrostatic latent images
US3512965A (en) Electroprinting method
US3247825A (en) Wet diaphragm electrostatic printer
US3884684A (en) Electrostatic developing process employing a porous photoconductive member
US3336906A (en) Apparatus for immersion development
US3973955A (en) Electrostatic developing method
US4058637A (en) Electrostatic developing method
US3443517A (en) Electrostatic duplicating system employing relief printing plate
US4023898A (en) Electrostatic developing apparatus