US3062712A

US3062712A - Prednisolone sesquihydrate compositions

Info

Publication number: US3062712A
Application number: US851549A
Authority: US
Inventors: Jack K Dale; Arthur R Hanze
Original assignee: Upjohn Co
Current assignee: Pharmacia and Upjohn Co
Priority date: 1959-11-09
Filing date: 1959-11-09
Publication date: 1962-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 1979-11-06

Description

3,062,712 PREDNISOLONE SESQUIHYDRATE COMPOSITIONS Jack K. Dale and Arthur R. Hanze, Kalamazoo, Mich,

assignors to The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Miclu,

a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Nov. 9, 1959, Ser. No. 851,549 8 Claims. (Cl. 16753) This invention relates to a novel composition of matter, a process for the preparation thereof and to stable aqueous suspensions containing said novel composition. More particularly it relates to a novel prednisolone sesquihydrate which is table in aqueous suspension, to a process for preparing said sesquihydrate and to stable aqueous suspensions prepared therefrom.

Stable aqueous suspensions of crystalline ingredients are truly a boon to the pharmaceutical manufacturer and the professional users of such suspensions. The manufacturer is able to prepare and supply aqueous suspensions which are free from the deleterious properties of crystal growth and aggregation. Unless aqueous pharmaceutical suspensions are free from these deleterious properties, the professional user faces major difiiculties. He often finds that a suspension for injection has settled or sedimented to such an extent that resuspension is diflicult if not impossible, and that accurate, uniform doses cannot be administered. He also finds that incomplete drainage from the container prevents full utilization of the contents. Syringes and needles often become clogged because particle size has increased due to crystal growth. Moreover, increased particle size in injectable suspensions can often result in pain to the patient. In the case of aqueous suspensions for use in the eye, ear or nose, crystal growth and aggregation cause related difficulties such as scratching and irritation of sensitive body surfaces and mucous membranes.

The preparation and use of aqueous suspensions of prednisolone have been accompanied by a series prob-' lem of crystal growth. In injectable aqueous suspensions the particle size of the crystals has been found to increase to such an extent that resuspending and related difficulties have resulted. Similarly, an increase in particle size in aqueous suspensions for use in the eye, ear or nose has rendered such suspensions unsuitable for use.

It is an object, therefore, of the present invention to provide a novel composition of matter which has the therapeutic activity of prednisolone but which is stable in aqueous suspensions. An additional object is to provide such a novel composition of matter which is not subject to excessive crystal growth in aqueous suspensions. A further object is to provide a process for the preparation of said novel composition of matter. A still further object is to provide aqueous suspensions containing said novel composition of matter which are stable and suitable for injection. A still further object is to provide aqueous suspensions containing prednisolone activity which are admirably suited for use in the eye, ear or nose. Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

These and additional objects have been accomplished by the provision of prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [A pregnadiene 3,20-dione-ll 3,17a,21- triol) -(H O) having [041 +95 +99 in dioxane,

States Patent C) 3,062,712 Patented Nov. 6, 1962 showing retarded crystal growth in aqueous suspensions, and having interplanar spacings, obtained by X-ray diffraction using nickel-filtered copper Ka radiation, of

by the provision of a process of crystallizing the prednisolone sesquihydrate from aqueous-methanol; and by the provision of stable aqueous suspensions comprising the prednisolone sesquihydrate in vehicles suitable for injection, or for use in the eye, ear or nose.

In the course of studies on the crystal growth of various preparations of prednisolone it was unexpectedly found that the product from an aqueous-methanol crystallization process did not exhibit crystal growth in various aqueous suspensions. This was unexpected in view of the deleterious crystal growth properties exhibited by preparations of crystalline prednisolone from other processes, e.g., from an aqueous-acetone process. Upon examination is was discovered that the product of the aqueous-methanol crystallization process was a novel prednisolone sesquihydrate.

The reasons for the failure of the crystals of this novel prednisolone sesquihydrate to grow in aqueous suspensions are not thoroughly understood.

Prednisolone [A -pregnadiene-3,2O-dione-11p,17a,21- triol) (H O) is a dehydrogenated analogue of hydro- It can be prepared by methods known in the art such as the method reported by Hogg et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society 77, page 4438, August 20, 1955. I The novel prednisolone sesquihydrate of the present invention can be prepared by dissolving prednisolone in aqueous-methanol, filtering if necessary to remove any insolubles, cooling to produce crystallization, filtering ofi the crystals, and drying said crystals, preferably to a water content of from about two to about eight percent by weight. The theoretical water content is 6.97 percent by weight; however, water contents above and bemospheric pressure if desired. In either case a temperature above about forty degrees centigrade should be avoided. For incorporation into suspensions the dried prednisolone sesquihydrate is comminuted to a particle size suitable for injectable and ophthalmic aqueous suspensions, preferably by micronization. A high percent of particles less than about 20 microns in size, for example, 99 percent with 90 percent less than about microns, is obtained by controlling the micronization technique. However, a particle size of about twenty microns is also suitable in aqueous suspensions in that settling and sedimentation during storage are minimized and resuspendibility, container drainage and syringeability are very satisfactory. A particle size above about twenty microns usually results in a less satisfactory suspension. Subsequently, the comminuted prednisolone sesquihydrate is sterilized, e.g., by ethylene oxide gas, and incorporated into suitable aqueous vehicles using aseptic pharmaceutical techniques.

The concept and practice of the instant invention do not depend thereon, but nevertheless additional complementary active ingredients can be incorporated into a suspension containing prednisolone sesquihydrate. Said additional active ingredients include antibiotics such as neomycin, penicillins such as penicillin G, penicillin O, procaine penicillin and the like, novobiocin, bacitracin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, endomycin, polymyxin, therapeutically active derivatives of any of the foregoing, and the like, or mixtures thereof. Utility in human therapy with compositions containing an antibiotic and the prednisolone sesquihydrate, however, has not been established. Other active ingredients can also be incorporated into said suspensions, for example, vitamins, more specifically vitamin A, vitamin B riboflavin, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, vitamin B and the like. Suspensions for nasal use can contain a vase-constrictor, such as epinephrine, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and the like.

Pharmaceutical preservatives, buffers, isotonic agents, and suspending agents can be used in the suspensions of the invention. Suitable preservatives include chlorobutanol, myristyl gamma picolinium chloride, methyl and propylparabens and sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate. Myristyl gamma picolinium chloride has useful surfactant characteristics in addition to being a preservative. Sodium chloride is preferred as an isotonic agent. Among the preferred suspending agents are polyethylene glycol 4000 or 6000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextran and methylccllulose. The polyvinylpyrrolidone is characterized by having a viscosity coeificient, i.e., a K value, of 26 to 36 and a molecular weight of about 40,000.

The compositions of the instant invention are useful in the medical and related arts where compositions comprising corticosteroids are indicated, especially for inflammatory and allergic diseases.

Crystal growth was studied using a micro technique test method in which a few crystals on a microscope slide were observed, then ground between two slides (using the thumb and finger in a rotary motion) to a powder 99 percent less than 20 microns. To this ground powder was then added one drop of vehicle and the grinding continued. When a satisfactory dispersion was obtained, the slides were separated and the suspension washed onto a clean slide with a second drop of vehicle. This was covered with a cover slip, the rim of which was thickly coated with desiccator grease. This cover slip was care fully pressed down to form a water-proof seal and finally the edge was sealed with Canada balsam in xylene. Such slides can usually be stored without excess drying for prolonged periods. conveniently made at 10 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, etc. The slides can be stored at 4 C. to provide quick results by accelerating any crystal growth which may occur.

Crystal growth studies of crystalline prednisolone ses- Observations for crystal growth are TABLE I Crystal Growth in Deionized Water Appearance Under Microscope Initial 1 hour (25 C.) 1 day (25 C.)

53-70% rods 1040p. rods 10-50 1.

2 1 QJZ, rods 4 l00u 101% rods 80011.

3 5l-7J% rods l0-l0p. fill-50% rods 10-3011. 4 510 51% ods 10 77-90% rods 10-40 5 2 9a% 20, 9D% lO t No change 50% rods l0--l0#.

l crystallized from aqueous-methanol.

2 Orystallized from aqueous-acetone.

These data show that, even in plain deionized water, prednisolone sesquihydrate prepared by the aqueousmethanol process of the invention quickly shows a superior advantage over a conventional form prepared by an aqueous-acetone process, in being free from deleterious crystal growth.

Crystal growth studies were also carried out with suspensions of prednisolone sesquihydrate in an aqueous vehicle containing 12 percent polyethylene glycol 4000, 0.6 percent neomycin sulfate, 0.02 percent myristyl gamma picolinium chloride, 0.45 percent sodium citrate and 0.1 percent polyvinylpyrrolidone. Table II gives the data found in these studies, wherein the superior advantage of the sesquihydrate is more pronounced.

TABLE II Crystal Growth in Aqueous Vehicle Appearance Under Microscope Sa1p1e Initial 1 hour (25 C.) 1 day (25 C.)

99% 20,90% 10 N 0 change No change. 99% 20, 90%(i0y. 50% needles 10--011 90% needles, 10-30;:

(clumped).

99% 20,90% l0#. Nochange No change.

5 1 99% 20, l0% l0;t. 50% rods 20-10;:

(fused in large clustezs).

6 99% Z0,90% '0 No change No change.

7 99% 20,90% l0n.. .(l0 Do.

1 Grystallized from aqueous-me hanol.

= crystallized from aqueous-acetone.

These data show the marked superiority of the new sesquihydrate of prednisolone when tested for crystal growth in this vehicle. No changes occurred in the crystal size of the new form, whereas excessive growth and caking occurred in the other form.

The successful preparation of prednisolone sesquihydrate by the novel aqueous-methanol crystallization process depends on a proper ratio of the amount of water present to the amount of prednisolone used. Sutficient water must be present to hydrate all of the prednisolone. An amount of water sufficient to create a practical problem of prednisolone solubility should be avoided. The preferred water content of the aqueous methanol solvent can vary from one to ten percent by volume. A higher water content is still operative. Higher concentrations of water increase the amount of solvent necessary for solution and crystallization. The upper limit of water content depends on the variations of processing arising from practical considerations of yield and the containers and apparatus required.

The following preparations and examples are illustrative of the processes and products of this invention, and are not to be construed as limiting.

EXAMPLE 1.'PREPARATION OF PREDNISOLONE SESQUIHYDRA'IE 1000 grams of prednisolone N.N.R. is dissolved in a mixture of 24,950 milliliters of methanol and 250 milliliters of distilled water in a round-bottomed flask adapted to be heated and refluxed as required. Boiling for a short time is usually required to effect complete solution. The hot solution is freed of any insolubles by filtration. Cooling at about four degrees centigrade for about sixteen hours produces crystallization of the prednisolone sesquihydrate. Seeding of the solution with sesquihydrate crystals may speed up crystallization but is not critical. The crystals are recovered by filtration and dried for approximately sixteen hours at about forty degrees centigrade under vacuum (28 inches of mercury). The dried crystals are comminuted to a particle size of about 20 microns. The resulting compound is tested by infrared spectrum to confirm the existence of the sesquihydrate. A yield of 849 grams is obtained.

EXAMPLE 2.PREPARATION OF PREDNISOLONE SESQUIHYDRATE Following the procedure of Example 1, 500 grams of prednisolone N.N.R. is dissolved in a mixture of 9000 milliliters of methanol and 1000 milliliters of distilled water. A yield of 445 grams of dry sesquihydrate is obtained. The crystals are tested by infrared spectrum to confirm the existence of the sesquihydrate.

The novel prednisolone hydrate was subjected to various chemical and physical tests to confirmthe existence of the sesquihydrate. Table III gives the weight loss data compared with water determination by the Karl Fischer method.

The equivalence of the percent of weight loss and the percent of water by the Karl Fischer method establishes that the prednisolone sesquihydrate samples do not con tain a stoichiometrically significant amount of methanol. The magnitude of the water content establishes the pred nisolone hydrate to be the sesquihydrate, the theoretical water content for the sesquihydrate being 6.97 percent.

Moisture equilibration data afiord further evidence that the sesquihydrate is an entity. A sample of the sesquihydrate was exposed at fifty percent relative humidity and 25 degrees centigrade for 36 hours with no change in weight, showing that no additional water beyond the sesquihydrate-equivalent amount was added. A second sample of the sesquihydrate was dried to constant weight and then exposed at fifty percent relative humidity and 25 degrees centigrade. The exposed material equilibrated with the Water present and returned to the weight of the original sample.

The novel prednisolone sesquihydrate was tested by elemental analyses to confirm the elemental formula. Table IV contains the data.

TABLE IV Calculated, percent Found, percent These data establish that the formula (prednisolone) 2 (H 0) 3 is correct.

The novel prednisolone sesquihydrate and an anhydrous sample of prednisolone were examined by infrared analysis. Table V contains the data.

TABLE V Infrared Absorption Bands of Prednisolone sesquihydrate and Anhydrous Prednisolone sesquihydrate Anhydrous frequency form frequency cm.- cmr 3, 500 3, 450 3, 360 3, 370 1. 703 1, 709 1, 655 1, 650 1, 615 1, 610 1, 597 1, 594 1, 410 1, 412 '1, 350 1, 395 1, 303 1, 347 1, 270 1, 322

These data establish the sesquihydrate to be an entity diflering from the commercial anhydrous form heretofore available.

EXAMPLE 3.-AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS FOR INJECTION A vehicle containing the following ingredients:

Grams Sodium citrate 15.75 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 5.0 Methylparaben 1.57 Propylparaben 0.157

Distilled water, q.s. ad 1000 milliliters.

EXAMPLE 4.-AQUEOUS SUSPENSION FOR NASAL USE A vehicle containing the following ingredients:

Grams Polyethylene glycol 4000 Sodium citrate 4.5 Myristyl gamma picolinium chloride 0.2 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 1.0 Neomycin sulfate 6.0 Phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.75

Distilled water, q.s. ad 1000 milliliters.

is prepared and filter sterilized. The sterile vehicle is then.

mixed with from about 2.5 grams to 5 grams of prednisolone sesquihydrate which has been previously airmicronized to a particle size less than about ten microns and sterilized by exposure to ethylene oxide gas. The mixture is passed through a sterile colloid mill and filled under aseptic conditions into bottles adapted for nasal spray use.- The resulting suspension is sterile and remains stable under handling and storage conditions for at least eighteen months at room temperature.

EXAMPLE 5.AQUEOUS SUSPENSION FOR PAREN- TERAL USE AND FOR THE EYE AND EAR Following the procedure of Example 4, but omitting the phenylephrine hydrochloride, one obtains a stable suspension suitable for use in the eye, ear and for injection.

EXAMPLE 6.--AQUEOUS SUSPENSION FOR PAREN- TERAL USE A vehicle containing the following ingredients:

Grams Myristyl gamma picolinium chloride 0.2 Polyethylene glycol 4000 10.0 Sodium chloride 0.45 Sodium citrate 1.5

Distilled water, q.s. ad 1000 milliliters.

EXAMPLE 7.AQUEOUS SUSPENSION FOR PARENTERAL USE Three liters of vehicle identical in composition to the vehicle of Example 3 is prepared and filter sterilized. Thirty grams of micronized, sterilized prednisolone sesquihydrate is added under aseptic conditions. Thereafter 387 grams of sterilized procaine penicillin G of a particle size less than about ten microns preferably coated with 1.25% lecithin, and 1200 grams of sterilized procaine penicillin G of a particle size between about forty microns and about sixty microns preferably coated with 4% lecithin (process disclosed in US. Patent 2,694,665) are added under aseptic conditions. The mixture is passed through a sterile colloid mill and filled under aseptic conditions into sterile vials. The vials are then plugged and sealed. The resulting suspension is sterile and remains stable under handling and storage conditions for at least twelve months at refrigerator temperature.

EXAMPLE 8.AQUEOUS SUSPENSION FOR PARENTERAL USE Following the procedure of Example 7, a stable sus- P61151011 18 prepared by replacing the procaine penicillin G by calcium novobiocin in an amount suflicient to give a concentration of 200 milligrams per milliliter of suspension.

EXAMPLE 9.AQUEOUS SUSPENSION FOR PARENTERAL R TOPICAL USE Following the procedure of Example 7, a stable suspension is prepared by replacing the procaine penicillin G by tetracycline base in an amount sufiicient to give a concentration of 200 milligrams per milliliter of suspension.

EXAMPLE 10.-AQUEOUS SUSPENSION FOR PARENTERAL USE Three liters of vehicle identical in composition to the vehicle of Example 3 is prepared and filter sterilized.

Thereafter 984 grams of sterile dihydrosterptomycin sulfate is dissolved in about 1500 milliliters of this vehicle and'30 grams of micronized, sterilized prednisolone sesquihydrate is added under aseptic conditions. This mixture is then combined under sterile conditions with 350 grams of sterilized procaine penicillin G of a particle size less than about 10 microns, preferably coated with 1.25% lecithin, and 350 grams of sterilized procaine penicillin G of a particle size between about 40 microns and 60 microns, preferably coated with 4% lecithin (US. Patent 2,694,665). The mixture is adjusted to a final volume of three liters using additional sterile vehicle as required, then processed through a sterile colloid mill and filled under aseptic conditions into vials. The vials are then plugged and sealed. The resulting suspension is sterile and remains stable under handling and storage conditions for at least twelve months at refrigerator temperature. This suspension is admirably suited for veterinary use.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our application Serial No. 675,255, filed July 31, 1957, now abandoned.

What is claimed is:

1. A stable aqueous suspension for topical and parenteral administration comprising prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [(A pregnadiene-3,20-dione- 11,8,l7a,2l-triol) '(H O) having a particle size no more than about 20 microns and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.

2. A stable veterinary aqueous suspension for topical and parenterial administration comprising prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [(A -pregnadiene-3,20- dione-llB,l7a,2l-triol) -(H O) having a particle size no more than about 20 microns and an antibiotic.

3. A stable veterinary aqueous suspension for topical and parenteral administration comprising prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [(A -pregnadiene-3,20- dione-llB,17a,21-triol) -(H O) having a particle size no more than about 20 microns and at least one member of the group consisting of procaine penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, streptomycin, neomycin, polyrnyxin, tetracycline and calcium novobiocin.

4. A stable aqueous suspension for parenteral administration comprising prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [(A pregnadiene 3,20 dione 11B,l7a,2ltriol) -(H O) having a particle size no more than about 20 microns, a preservative, a suspending agent and a surfactant.

5. A stable veterinary aqueous suspension for parenteral administration comprising prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [(A -pregnadiene-3,20-dione- 11fi,l7a,2l-triol) -(H O) having a particle size no more than about 20 microns, procaine penicillin G and dihydrostreptomycin.

6. A stable veterinary aqueous suspension for parenteral administration comprising prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [(A -pregnadiene-3,20-dionellB,l7a,21-triol) '(H O) having a particle size no more than about 20 microns, procaine penicillin G, dihydrostreptomycin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a preservative and a buffer.

7. A stable veterinary aqueous suspension for parenteral administration comprising prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [(A -pregnadiene-3,204lionellfl,l7tz,2l-triol) -(H O) having a particle size no more than about 20 microns, neomycin sulfate, a preservative, polyethylene glycol of molecular weight about 4000 and a surfactant.

8. A composition of matter consisting of prednisolone sesquihydrate having the formula [(A -pregnadiene-3, 20-dione-llfi,l7a,21-triol) -(H O) having a particle size of no more than about 20 microns and being free of deleterious crystal growth in aqueous suspension.

(References 011 following page) References Cited in the file of this patent J.A.Ph.A. Practical P11311120}! Ed., 17:9, p. 613, Sep- UNITED STATES PATENTS Ember 2,801,202 Peotsch July 30, 1957 1gg gbowe. Arch. Derm., 72.2, pages 164-170, August OTHER REFERENCES 5 Skaggs: J. Allergy, pages 201-205, May 1955. J.A.M.A., 161:6, pages 561-562, June 9, 1957. Drug Trade News, page 74, Mfg. Sect, Dec. 3, 1956.

J.A.M.A., 164:11, page 1273, July 13, 1957.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,062, 712 November 6, 1962 Jack K, Dale et a1,

Column 1, line .39, for "series" read serious line 64, after "+95" insert to column 2, line 23, for 'is' read it column 9, line 6, for "June 9, 1957" read June 9, 1956 a Signed and sealed this 23rd day of April 1963.,

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST w. SWIDER DAVID LADD Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

Claims

1. A STABLE AQUEOUS SUSPENSION FOR TOPICAL AND PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION COMPRISING PREDNISOLONE SESQUIHYDRATE HAVING THE FORMULA ($1,4-PREGNADIENE-3,20-DIONE11B,17A,21-TRIOL)2.(H2O3), HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE NO MORE THAN ABOUT 20 MICRONS AND A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE VEHICLE.