US3057037A - Compression resistant rayon staple - Google Patents
Compression resistant rayon staple Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3057037A US3057037A US76503A US7650360A US3057037A US 3057037 A US3057037 A US 3057037A US 76503 A US76503 A US 76503A US 7650360 A US7650360 A US 7650360A US 3057037 A US3057037 A US 3057037A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- staple
- volume
- fibers
- staple fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
- D01F2/08—Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
- Y10T428/2909—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
Definitions
- This invention relates to crimpcd fibers of regenerated cellulose and their production. It relates more particularly to crimped regenerated cellulose staple fibers having a high resistance to loss of volume when subjected to compression. It relates further to masses of staple fibers having superior absorbency.
- Staple cotton has long been utilized for both medical and non-medical applications in sterile and non-sterile form because of its resistance to compressive deformation, i.e., resistance to loss of interfiber volume (volume between fibers in a mass) when subjected to compression, as well as absorbency and other desirable properties.
- crimped regenerated cellulose staple fibers are prepared synthetically, they are more uniform, i.e., in physical dimensions, in strength, in freedom from foreign matter and other impurities, etc. It was thus apparent to the users of such fibers that it would be advantageous to be able to substitute crimpcd rayon fibers for cotton.
- crimpcd regenerated cellulose staple fibers were first evaluated as a substitute for cotton, however, it was found that they lost a consider-able portion of their bulk when subjected to compression.
- balls of crimpcd regenerated cellulose staple fibers would not only tend to collapse when wet with water thus reducing their interfiber volume, their capacity to absorb fluids was also reduced thereby.
- a crimped regenerated cellulose staple fiber which overcomes the failings of the prior art to provide a crimpcd rayon staple fiber which can be used to replace cotton for its uses in the form of balls, rolls, batting, etc.
- One of the most outstanding properties of the staple fiber of the present invention is i s resistance to reduction in interfiber volume (i.e., resilience).
- the crimped regenerated cellulose staple fibers of this invention possess a resilience. dry or wet (i.e., resistance to reduction in interfiber volume), not only superior to that of known crimpcd rayon but which is generally superior to that of cotton.
- interfiber volume is defined as the volume between the fibers, in other Words, the difference between the total volume occupied by a mass of fibers and the actual volume occupied by the fibers.
- the total volume occupied by a mass of fibers includes the volume occupied by the fibers plus the volume occupied by the air between the fibers.
- the interfiber volume in essence therefore, measures the, volume of air between the fibers in a given mass thereof and is thus an accurate measure of the resilience of such a mass. Measurement of interfiber volume in both the wet and dry state is utilized herein to illustrate the resistance of the unique fiber of this invention to a loss of volume in accordance with the method described by Gottsch et al. at page 43, volume XXVIII, No. 1, January 1958 of the Textile Research Journal.
- the staple fibers of this invention have a minimum interfiber volume at 0.5 p.s.i., according to the Gott Kunststoff et al., test, of 1.75 cubic inches when dry and 1.00 cubic inches when wet; whereas values approaching 2.70 in the dry state and 1.15 in the wet state have been produced.
- the staple fibers of this invention possess a crimp of at least 19 times the square root of the reciprocal of 'the denier thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the crimp is generally about 19 to 35 times the square root of the reciprocal of the denier at a denier of about 1 to 5.5.
- an alpha cellulose be used having an ether-extractable solids content (generally wood resins) no higher than 0.05% by weight. Pulps having as low as 0.01% by weight etherextractable solids have been utilized, pulps having a lower resin content being preferred where feasible. It is essential also that the steep soda contain no more than 0.8% by weight hemicellulose, preferably 0.7% or lower.
- the caustic soda utilized in the mixing step to dissolve the cellulose xanthate contain substantially no hemicellulose, wood resins or other low molecular weight material derived from the cellulosic source.
- a stretch of 60 to (preferably 70 to 80%) is essential in accordance with this invention.
- Preferable, but not absolutely essential to this invention is the application of a finish to the staple fiber of this invention.
- a finish to the staple fiber of this invention For example 0.01 to 0.3% by weight of one of the materials disclosed in U.S. 2,821,489 may be used, preferably 0.1 to 0.2% by weight of the polyoxyethylene glycol monoether of sorbitan monolaurate containing about 15 to 25 (preferably 20) ethylene oxide units/mol;
- the finish material may be applied at one of several stages of the preparation, but it is most advantageously applied after the staple is cut, washed and bleached.
- CS generally between about 28 and 35% CS; (based upon weight of alpha cellulose) is utilized in xanthating the cellulose producing thereby, in conjunction with known procedures and the novel ones described above, a viscose containing about 5.5 to 7% by weight of caustic soda, preferably 6.0 to 6.5%, about 7.0 to 95% by weight, preferably 8.0 to 9.0%, of cellulose with a salt test of 5 to 7.5, preferably 5.5 to 6.5.
- the spinning bath generally contains, in addition to the acid as described above, about to 22% by weight of Na SO or K 50 and about 0.75 to 1.5% ZnSO
- the filaments are then preferably cut to staple length, about 1 to 2 inches, preferably about 1% inches followed by washing and bleaching.
- the filaments may be cut directly into a washing bath. In any event, only fresh water washes are utilized in order to assure superior resilience, absorbency, and color; in other words none of the washes are recirculated.
- the staple fibers are generally bleached in a water solution containing available chlorine in the form of a soluble hypochlorite such as sodium or calcium hypochlorite at a pH of about 9 to 12, preferably 11.5 to 12.
- a soluble hypochlorite such as sodium or calcium hypochlorite
- the bleach solution should contain sufficient soluble hypochlorite to provide 0.1 to 0.3% by weight available chlorine, preferably about 0.175% available chlorine.
- the staple fiber is generally finished as described above.
- the staple fiber is made discoloration resistant by the use of a bisulfite according to the procedure disclosed and claimed in US. 2,821,489.
- the cellulose xanthate was next dissolved in a mixer containing about 220 liters of 18% by weight caustic soda and about 1426 liters of water producing a viscose containing about 6.2% caustic soda and about 8.8% cellulose with a ball fall of about 54 seconds and a salt test of about 6.2.
- the viscose is spun into a regenerating bath containing about 6.75% by weight sulfuric acid, 1.0% by Weight zinc sulfate and 20% by weight disodium sulfate at about 50 C. and with a 14 inch immersion.
- the filaments formed thereby were stretched about 70.8% in the spinning bath to a denier of about 3.0 and then cut to a length of about 1% inches.
- the fibers were bleached in a sodium hypochlorite solution containing about 0.175 by weight available chlorine and about 0.125% by Weight of caustic soda at a pH of 11.5 to 12.
- the fibers were finished with a solution containing about 0.18% by weight of the polyoxyethylene glycol monoether of sorbitan monolaurate containing about 20 ethylene oxide units per mole and about 0.4% by weight of sodium bisulfite at a pH of about 5.0.
- a fibrous product of the type prepared from a viscose formed by reacting cellulose pulp containing not more than about 0.05 by weight of ether-extractable solids with caustic soda containing not more than 0.8% by weight of hemicellulose to form cellulose xanthate and dissolving said xanthate in caustic soda free of hemicellulose to form viscose, said product comprising regenerated cellulose staple fibers having a denier of from about 1 to 5.5 and crimps comprising helical bends numbering per inch 19 to 35 times the square root of the reciprocal of said denier, said staple fibers having the property of retaining said crimps when wet and in a relaxed state, a quantity of about 1.5 grams of said staple fibers having an interfiber volume in the dry state of at least 1.750 cubic inches when subjected to a pressure of 0.5 pound per square inch and an interfiber volume in the wet state of at least 1.000 cubic inches when subjected to a pressure of 0.5 pound per square
- a fibrous product of the type prepared from a viscose formed by reacting cellulose pulp containing 0.01 to 0.05 by weight of ether-extractable solids with caustic soda containing not more than 0.7% by weight of hemicellulose to form cellulose xanthate and dissolving said Xanthate in caustic soda free of hemicellulose, said product comprising regenerated cellulose staple fibers having a denier of from about 1 to 5.5 and crimps comprising helical bends numbering per inch 26 to 28 times the square root of the reciprocal of said denier, said staple fibers having the property of retaining said crimps when wet and in a relaxed state, a quantity of about 1.5 grams of said staple fibers having an interfiber volume in the dry state of at least 1.750 cubic inches when subjected to a pressure of 0.5 pound per square inch and an interfiber volume in the wet state of at least 1.000 cubic inches when subjected to a pressure of 0.5 pound per square inch and having the capacity to absorb
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US76503A US3057037A (en) | 1958-04-17 | 1960-12-19 | Compression resistant rayon staple |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US869387XA | 1958-04-17 | 1958-04-17 | |
US76503A US3057037A (en) | 1958-04-17 | 1960-12-19 | Compression resistant rayon staple |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3057037A true US3057037A (en) | 1962-10-09 |
Family
ID=26758186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US76503A Expired - Lifetime US3057037A (en) | 1958-04-17 | 1960-12-19 | Compression resistant rayon staple |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3057037A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3204017A (en) * | 1962-06-19 | 1965-08-31 | Toho Rayon Kk | Process for the manufacture of bulky fibrous wadding materials |
US3214234A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1965-10-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Oriented foamed polyolefin extrudates and the production and dyeing of the same |
US5364383A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-11-15 | Tambrands, Inc. | Tampon |
US5766159A (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 1998-06-16 | International Paper Company | Personal hygiene articles for absorbing fluids |
US20030070776A1 (en) * | 1995-07-17 | 2003-04-17 | Rayonier Inc. | Wet-laid absorbent pulp sheet suitable for immediate conversion into an absorbent product |
US7919667B1 (en) | 1994-01-21 | 2011-04-05 | Rayonier Trs Holdings Inc. | Absorbent products and methods of preparation thereof |
US20110152814A1 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2011-06-23 | Senevens International Ltd. | Non-woven biodegradable hygiene product |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2222050A (en) * | 1937-10-23 | 1940-11-19 | North American Rayon Corp | Viscose low in hemicellulose |
US2369191A (en) * | 1939-03-01 | 1945-02-13 | American Enka Corp | Manufacture of rayon |
US2383900A (en) * | 1942-01-23 | 1945-08-28 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Treatment of cellulosic textile materials |
US2451558A (en) * | 1944-11-06 | 1948-10-19 | Rayonier Inc | Chemically treated wood pulp and a method of producing a cellulosic product |
US2686709A (en) * | 1952-03-07 | 1954-08-17 | Du Pont | Process for producing heavy denier regenerated cellulose filaments |
US2821489A (en) * | 1955-03-28 | 1958-01-28 | American Viscose Corp | Discoloration-resistant regenerated cellulose articles |
US2834093A (en) * | 1954-05-21 | 1958-05-13 | Du Pont | Regenerated cellulose filaments and products therefrom |
US2968858A (en) * | 1957-06-26 | 1961-01-24 | Johnson & Johnson | Fibrous products |
US2986446A (en) * | 1956-08-01 | 1961-05-30 | Courtaulds Ltd | Crimped regenerated cellulose fibres |
-
1960
- 1960-12-19 US US76503A patent/US3057037A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2222050A (en) * | 1937-10-23 | 1940-11-19 | North American Rayon Corp | Viscose low in hemicellulose |
US2369191A (en) * | 1939-03-01 | 1945-02-13 | American Enka Corp | Manufacture of rayon |
US2383900A (en) * | 1942-01-23 | 1945-08-28 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Treatment of cellulosic textile materials |
US2451558A (en) * | 1944-11-06 | 1948-10-19 | Rayonier Inc | Chemically treated wood pulp and a method of producing a cellulosic product |
US2686709A (en) * | 1952-03-07 | 1954-08-17 | Du Pont | Process for producing heavy denier regenerated cellulose filaments |
US2834093A (en) * | 1954-05-21 | 1958-05-13 | Du Pont | Regenerated cellulose filaments and products therefrom |
US2821489A (en) * | 1955-03-28 | 1958-01-28 | American Viscose Corp | Discoloration-resistant regenerated cellulose articles |
US2986446A (en) * | 1956-08-01 | 1961-05-30 | Courtaulds Ltd | Crimped regenerated cellulose fibres |
US2968858A (en) * | 1957-06-26 | 1961-01-24 | Johnson & Johnson | Fibrous products |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3204017A (en) * | 1962-06-19 | 1965-08-31 | Toho Rayon Kk | Process for the manufacture of bulky fibrous wadding materials |
US3214234A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1965-10-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Oriented foamed polyolefin extrudates and the production and dyeing of the same |
US5364383A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-11-15 | Tambrands, Inc. | Tampon |
US7919667B1 (en) | 1994-01-21 | 2011-04-05 | Rayonier Trs Holdings Inc. | Absorbent products and methods of preparation thereof |
US20110209839A1 (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 2011-09-01 | Phyllis Leithem | Method for making absorbent products |
US8247641B2 (en) | 1994-01-21 | 2012-08-21 | Rayonier Trs Holdings Inc. | Absorbent products and methods of preparation thereof |
US8497410B2 (en) | 1994-01-21 | 2013-07-30 | Rayonier Trs Holdings Inc. | Method for making absorbent products |
US5766159A (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 1998-06-16 | International Paper Company | Personal hygiene articles for absorbing fluids |
US6063982A (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 2000-05-16 | International Paper Company (From Thomas L. Wiesemann And John J. Shoemaker Jr.) | Personal hygiene articles for absorbing fluids |
US20030070776A1 (en) * | 1995-07-17 | 2003-04-17 | Rayonier Inc. | Wet-laid absorbent pulp sheet suitable for immediate conversion into an absorbent product |
US20110152814A1 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2011-06-23 | Senevens International Ltd. | Non-woven biodegradable hygiene product |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 501 BOYL Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: PAUL REVERE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY THE C/O THE PAU Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: JOHN HANCOCK MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY JOHN HA Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: WESTERN AND SOUTHERN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY THE C/ Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: PROVIDENT ALLIANCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY C/O THE Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 Owner name: KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP. Free format text: AGREEMENT WHEREBY SAID HELLER AND RAYONIER RELEASES ALL MORTGAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS HELD BY AVTEX ON APRIL 28, 1978, AND JAN. 11, 1979, RESPECTIVELY AND ASSIGNS ITS ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORT-AGAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE;ASSIGNORS:WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC. A NY CORP.;ITT RAYONIER INCORPORATED, A DE CORP.;AVTEX FIBERS INC., A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0350 Effective date: 19800326 Owner name: WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. Free format text: AGREEMENT WHEREBY AETNA RELEASES AVTEX FROM ALL MORTAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS IN SAID INVENTIONS AS OF JANUARY 11,1979, AND ASSIGNS TO ASSIGNEE THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORTAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE;ASSIGNORS:AETNA BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A CORP. OF N.Y.;AVTEX FIBERS, INC, A CORP. OF NY;KELLOGG CREDIT CORP., A CORP. OF DEL.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0250 Effective date: 19800326 Owner name: BALBOA INSURANCE COMPANY C/O THE PAUL REVERE EQUIT Free format text: AS SECURITY FOR INDEBTEDNESS RECITED ASSIGNOR GRANTS , BARGAINS, MORTGAGES, PLEDGES, SELLS AND CREATES A SECURITY INTEREST WITH A LIEN UNDER SAID PATENTS, SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:AVTEX FIBERS INC. A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0219 Effective date: 19810301 |