US3055424A - Method of forming a borehole lining or casing - Google Patents

Method of forming a borehole lining or casing Download PDF

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US3055424A
US3055424A US855311A US85531159A US3055424A US 3055424 A US3055424 A US 3055424A US 855311 A US855311 A US 855311A US 85531159 A US85531159 A US 85531159A US 3055424 A US3055424 A US 3055424A
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Prior art keywords
tubular member
borehole
casing
lining
flexible tubular
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US855311A
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Thomas O Allen
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Jersey Production Research Co
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Jersey Production Research Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
    • E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/127—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
    • E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement

Definitions

  • This invention relates to oil and gas wells. More particularly, this invention is a novel oil and gas well lining or casing and a method for forming this lining or casing.
  • the invention to be described herein provides the art with a low cost borehole lining casing which is not subject to corrosion.
  • my invention comprises a flexible tubular member of less diameter than the borehole.
  • a cementitious plastic material which has been allowed to set in the annulus formed by the plastic tubular member in the borehole in combination with the plastic tubular member provides an efficient borehole lining or casing.
  • a flexible tubular member of sufficient length to extend to a point adjacent the bottom of the borehole is first lowered into the borehole.
  • the cementitious material is then pumped down the flexible tubular member and up the flexible tubular memberborehole annulus to fill the annulus with the cementitious material.
  • the cementitious material is then allowed to set.
  • the set cementitious material and the Iflexible tubular member then comprise the lining of the borehole.
  • the flexible tubular member may be made of a plastic Imaterial suitable for the purpose.
  • the cementitious material may consist of a low cost cementitious plastic material. This eliminates the higher cost casing cement currently employed.
  • PIG. l is a schematic View in elevation useful in explaining the method of forming the lining or casing
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional elevational View showing a preferred method of anchoring the flexible tubular member in the borehole;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevational view showing an alternative anchoring means
  • rFIG. 4 is a view taken along lines 4-"4 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a view taken along lines 5-J5 of lFIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a method for tying the upper end of the plastic tubular member to a section of a steel casing to anchor the casing in the wellhead with the surface pipe extending only a few feet below the earths surface.
  • a borehole 10 ⁇ is shown formed from the earths surface.
  • the usual wellhead 12 is shown at the entrance to the borehole 10.
  • a steel casing 14 is cemented to the sides of the borehole by the conventional cement 16.
  • the cement l1-6 and the steel casing 14 extend a relatively short distance below the surface.
  • a flexible tubular member 18 preferably made of plastic is shown lowered into the borehole 10 with its lower extremity adjacent the bottom of the borehole.
  • the length of the flexible tubular member 18 is chosen so as to extend to the bottom of the borehole and may be unwound from a reel 20 which may be mounted on a truck 2.1.
  • an anchoring means may be employed.
  • a preferred anchoring means is shown in FIG. 2.
  • An inflatable packer 22 is bonded to a closed bottom member 24. Teeth 26' are formed on the inflatable packer 22 and when the packer 22 is inflated, the teeth will bite into the borehole side walls.
  • a spring biased check valve 28 is formed in a side of the bottom member 24. Packer 22 is inflated by the application of pump pressure from the earths surface down the tubular member 18 through check valve 28 and into the packer 22. The check valve 28 prevents the valve from deflating.
  • a rupture disk 30 is formed in the member 24 at a point above the packer 22. Once inflated to the proper pressure, fluid circulation can be achieved by applying additional pressure to rupture the disk 30.
  • Member 24 is securely connected to the bottom of flexible plastic tubing 18 by means such as a clamp member 32.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a second type of anchoring means which may be employed.
  • the tubular bottom member 34 which is securely clamped to the flexible tubular member 18 by clamp 32 has a full opening bottom.
  • a plurality of slits 36 extend upwardly a short distance from the bottom of the bottom member 34.
  • a spring biased latch dog 38 is pivotally connected -within each of the slits 36 by pivot pins 40.
  • Teeth 4Z are formed on the outer ends of each of the latch dogs 38. These teeth are shaped to bite into the side wall of the borehole upon slight upward movement of the flexible tubular member 18.
  • Springs 44 having one end connected to the member 34 and the other end Working against the upper inside portion of the latch dog 38 provide the outward bias.
  • the flexible tubular member 18 may be properly centered or spaced within the hole by the provision of a plurality of protrusions 46 which can be molded directly into the flexible tubular member 18.
  • the flexible tubular member 18 is rst lowered into the borehole ⁇ 10. If the anchoring means of FIG. 2 is employed, pump pressure is applied to inflate the packer 22 against the side walls of the borehole. If the anchoring means of lFIG. 3 is employed, an upward pulling of the flexible tubular member 1-8 causes the teeth ⁇ 42 to bite into the side walls of the borehole and prevent further upward movement. Further pulling or stretching on the top of the tubular member 18 employing either anchoring means straightens the flexible tubular member thereby removing bends and kinks. The cementitious material is then pumped down the flexible tubular member 18 and up the annulus formed by the flexible tubular member and the sides of the borehole to completely flll the annulus.
  • This lining or casing comprises the plastic tubular member 18 of less diameter than the borehole and the set cementitious plastic material 48 in the annulus formed by the plastic tubular member 18 and the sides of the borehole.
  • FIG. 6 also illustrates a method for tying the upper end of the plastic or flexible tubular member 18 to a short section of steel casing, to anchor the casing in the wellhead.
  • the wellhead 12 includes a top flanged member 50 provided with a slip fbowl for receiving slip members 52. Slips 52 are provided with teeth or threads 54 for tight engagement with the metal tubular member 56. The top of the exible tubular member 18 is securely clamped by clamp S to the bottom portion of the metal tubular member 56.
  • the flexible tubular member 18 may be reeled into the borehole until the upper portion is about to enter the borehole.
  • the metal tubular member 56 which may be only a few feet in length, is then securely clamped to the exible tubular member 18.
  • the rest of the tubular member 18 and the attached metal tubular member 56 is then lowered into the borehole and securely anchored.
  • the cementitious plastic material 48 is then formed in the same manner as formerly described.
  • the exible tubular member 18 may be formed of an epoxy resin or the relatively inexpensive phenol formaldehyde.
  • cementitious plastic material which may be utilized are phenol formaldehyde, epoxy resin, poly styrene resins, acrylic resins, butadiene styrene copolymer resin, -and others.
  • a method of forming a lining in a borehole comprising the steps of: lowering into the borehole a flexible tubulal member having an anchoring means on the bottom thereof responsive to upward movement of the lexible tubular member and of suflcient length to extend to a point adjacent the bottom of the borehole; exerting an upward pull on the flexible tubular member to anchor said member; and maintaining said pull while pumping cementitious material down the flexible tubular member and up the tlexible tubular member-borehole annulus to ll said annulus with the cementitious material; and allowing the cementitious material to set, thus providing a borehole lining.
  • a method of forming a lining in a borehole comprising the steps of: taking a llexible tubular member with an anchoring means on the bottom thereof responsive to upward movement of the flexible tubular member and having a length such that when positioned in the borehole, its lower end will extend to a point adjacent the bottom of the borehole and its upper end will be located at a depth substantially less than the depth of the borehole and lowering the llexible tubular member into the borehole until a small portion extends above the wellhead; then holding the flexible tubular member while attaching a metal tubular member to the top of the flexible tubular member and coaxial therewith; then lowering the llexible tubular member and attached metal tubular member into position; exerting an upward pull on said tubular members to anchor them; pumping cementitious material down said members and up the annulus formed by them to lill said annulus with the cementitious material; and allowing the cementitious material to Set, thus providing a borehole lining.

Description

INVENTOR. THOMAS O. ALLEN, 11m/L am@ ATTORNEY.
T. O. ALLEN METHOD OF FORMING A BOREI-IOLE LINING OR CASING Filed Nov. 25, 1959 3,055,424 Patented Sept. 25, 1962 ire 3,055,424 METHD F FURMING A BREHULE LINING 0R CASNG Thomas 0. Allen, Tulsa, Ghia., assigner, by mesme assignments, to Jersey Production Research Company, Tulsa, Dida., a corporation of Delaware Filed Nov. 25, 1959, Ser. No. 855,311 2 Claims. (Cl. 16a-21) This invention relates to oil and gas wells. More particularly, this invention is a novel oil and gas well lining or casing and a method for forming this lining or casing.
In the finding and production of oil and gas, the costs involved are continually increasing. Based on presentday costs, casing and tubing alone represent 1A of the cost of drilling and completing an oil well. Prospects for reducing this tremendous expenditure depend on finding a suitable substitute for steel tubular members, particularly casing or lining since it represents the major item. Steel is subject to corrosion. Hence, it is necessary to incur the additional cost involved in corrosion control.
The invention to be described herein provides the art with a low cost borehole lining casing which is not subject to corrosion.
Briefly described, my invention comprises a flexible tubular member of less diameter than the borehole. A cementitious plastic material which has been allowed to set in the annulus formed by the plastic tubular member in the borehole in combination with the plastic tubular member provides an efficient borehole lining or casing.
lIn forming my new lining, a flexible tubular member of sufficient length to extend to a point adjacent the bottom of the borehole is first lowered into the borehole. The cementitious material is then pumped down the flexible tubular member and up the flexible tubular memberborehole annulus to fill the annulus with the cementitious material. The cementitious material is then allowed to set. The set cementitious material and the Iflexible tubular member then comprise the lining of the borehole.
The flexible tubular member may be made of a plastic Imaterial suitable for the purpose. Thus, the use of a steel casing is eliminated. The cementitious material may consist of a low cost cementitious plastic material. This eliminates the higher cost casing cement currently employed.
Tests have shown that plastic squeezed to a minimum distance of 1 radially from a 4%" borehole in Indiana limestone can withstand external pressures in excess of 2,500 p.s.i. These tests further proved that thick-walled, filled plastic linings in the same 4%" diameter holes were capable of withstanding in excess of 4,000 p.s.i. external collapse pressures.
The invention as well as its many advantages will be further understood by reference to the following detailed description and drawings in which:
PIG. l is a schematic View in elevation useful in explaining the method of forming the lining or casing;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional elevational View showing a preferred method of anchoring the flexible tubular member in the borehole;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevational view showing an alternative anchoring means;
rFIG. 4 is a view taken along lines 4-"4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a view taken along lines 5-J5 of lFIG. 3; and
FIG. 6 illustrates a method for tying the upper end of the plastic tubular member to a section of a steel casing to anchor the casing in the wellhead with the surface pipe extending only a few feet below the earths surface.
Referring to FIG. l, a borehole 10` is shown formed from the earths surface. The usual wellhead 12 is shown at the entrance to the borehole 10. A steel casing 14 is cemented to the sides of the borehole by the conventional cement 16. The cement l1-6 and the steel casing 14 extend a relatively short distance below the surface.
A flexible tubular member 18 preferably made of plastic is shown lowered into the borehole 10 with its lower extremity adjacent the bottom of the borehole. The length of the flexible tubular member 18 is chosen so as to extend to the bottom of the borehole and may be unwound from a reel 20 which may be mounted on a truck 2.1.
To prevent the permanent formation of kinks and bends in the `flexible tubing 18, an anchoring means may be employed. A preferred anchoring means is shown in FIG. 2. An inflatable packer 22 is bonded to a closed bottom member 24. Teeth 26' are formed on the inflatable packer 22 and when the packer 22 is inflated, the teeth will bite into the borehole side walls. A spring biased check valve 28 is formed in a side of the bottom member 24. Packer 22 is inflated by the application of pump pressure from the earths surface down the tubular member 18 through check valve 28 and into the packer 22. The check valve 28 prevents the valve from deflating.
A rupture disk 30 is formed in the member 24 at a point above the packer 22. Once inflated to the proper pressure, fluid circulation can be achieved by applying additional pressure to rupture the disk 30.
Member 24 is securely connected to the bottom of flexible plastic tubing 18 by means such as a clamp member 32.
FIG. 3 illustrates a second type of anchoring means which may be employed. Referring to FIG. 3, the tubular bottom member 34 which is securely clamped to the flexible tubular member 18 by clamp 32 has a full opening bottom. A plurality of slits 36 extend upwardly a short distance from the bottom of the bottom member 34. A spring biased latch dog 38 is pivotally connected -within each of the slits 36 by pivot pins 40. Teeth 4Z are formed on the outer ends of each of the latch dogs 38. These teeth are shaped to bite into the side wall of the borehole upon slight upward movement of the flexible tubular member 18. Springs 44 having one end connected to the member 34 and the other end Working against the upper inside portion of the latch dog 38 provide the outward bias.
The flexible tubular member 18 may be properly centered or spaced within the hole by the provision of a plurality of protrusions 46 which can be molded directly into the flexible tubular member 18.
In carrying out my new method, the flexible tubular member 18 is rst lowered into the borehole `10. If the anchoring means of FIG. 2 is employed, pump pressure is applied to inflate the packer 22 against the side walls of the borehole. If the anchoring means of lFIG. 3 is employed, an upward pulling of the flexible tubular member 1-8 causes the teeth `42 to bite into the side walls of the borehole and prevent further upward movement. Further pulling or stretching on the top of the tubular member 18 employing either anchoring means straightens the flexible tubular member thereby removing bends and kinks. The cementitious material is then pumped down the flexible tubular member 18 and up the annulus formed by the flexible tubular member and the sides of the borehole to completely flll the annulus. The pressure required to cause this flow will squeeze the plastic or other cementitious material into the formations to reinforce the hole wall. `Once the annulus is full, the material can be allowed to set up. It is obvious that the material in the flexible tubular member must be displaced by a fluid which will not set. This can be done by calculating the requirements for the annulus and displacing it through the flexible tubular member 18. Any deficiency can be made up by pumping additional material into the top of the annulus.
After the plastic cementitious material has been allowed to set, the new casing or borehole lining is complete. This lining or casing, as shown in FIG. 6, comprises the plastic tubular member 18 of less diameter than the borehole and the set cementitious plastic material 48 in the annulus formed by the plastic tubular member 18 and the sides of the borehole.
lFIG. 6 also illustrates a method for tying the upper end of the plastic or flexible tubular member 18 to a short section of steel casing, to anchor the casing in the wellhead. The wellhead 12 includes a top flanged member 50 provided with a slip fbowl for receiving slip members 52. Slips 52 are provided with teeth or threads 54 for tight engagement with the metal tubular member 56. The top of the exible tubular member 18 is securely clamped by clamp S to the bottom portion of the metal tubular member 56.
The flexible tubular member 18 may be reeled into the borehole until the upper portion is about to enter the borehole. The metal tubular member 56, which may be only a few feet in length, is then securely clamped to the exible tubular member 18. The rest of the tubular member 18 and the attached metal tubular member 56 is then lowered into the borehole and securely anchored. The cementitious plastic material 48 is then formed in the same manner as formerly described.
The exible tubular member 18 may be formed of an epoxy resin or the relatively inexpensive phenol formaldehyde. Examples of cementitious plastic material which may be utilized are phenol formaldehyde, epoxy resin, poly styrene resins, acrylic resins, butadiene styrene copolymer resin, -and others.
I claim:
1. A method of forming a lining in a borehole comprising the steps of: lowering into the borehole a flexible tubulal member having an anchoring means on the bottom thereof responsive to upward movement of the lexible tubular member and of suflcient length to extend to a point adjacent the bottom of the borehole; exerting an upward pull on the flexible tubular member to anchor said member; and maintaining said pull while pumping cementitious material down the flexible tubular member and up the tlexible tubular member-borehole annulus to ll said annulus with the cementitious material; and allowing the cementitious material to set, thus providing a borehole lining.
2. A method of forming a lining in a borehole comprising the steps of: taking a llexible tubular member with an anchoring means on the bottom thereof responsive to upward movement of the flexible tubular member and having a length such that when positioned in the borehole, its lower end will extend to a point adjacent the bottom of the borehole and its upper end will be located at a depth substantially less than the depth of the borehole and lowering the llexible tubular member into the borehole until a small portion extends above the wellhead; then holding the flexible tubular member while attaching a metal tubular member to the top of the flexible tubular member and coaxial therewith; then lowering the llexible tubular member and attached metal tubular member into position; exerting an upward pull on said tubular members to anchor them; pumping cementitious material down said members and up the annulus formed by them to lill said annulus with the cementitious material; and allowing the cementitious material to Set, thus providing a borehole lining.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 52,523 Bryson Feb. 13, 1866 303,423 Duncan et al. Aug. 12, 1884 1,647,003 Huber Oct. 25, 1927 2,092,042 Armentrout et al. Sept. 7, 1937 2,349,181 Lerch et al. May 16, 1944 2,690,806 Britton et al. Oct. 5, 1954 2,933,137 DAudilret et al Apr. 19, 1960
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US3193005A (en) * 1961-10-24 1965-07-06 Exxon Production Research Co Well completion and logging method
US3240232A (en) * 1962-07-27 1966-03-15 Carrol J Matherne Pipe thread protector
US3283815A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-11-08 Exxon Production Research Co Well completions
US3324665A (en) * 1964-10-28 1967-06-13 Shell Oil Co Method of stabilizing piles
US3354956A (en) * 1965-10-24 1967-11-28 Fenix & Scisson Inc Bottom-supported casing
US3502148A (en) * 1967-01-27 1970-03-24 Halliburton Co Method of improving bond strength
US3525401A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-08-25 Exxon Production Research Co Pumpable plastic pistons and their use
US3581817A (en) * 1969-03-13 1971-06-01 Baker Oil Tools Inc Tensioned well bore liner and tool
US3719230A (en) * 1971-03-15 1973-03-06 Dow Chemical Co Casing pipe and method of casing a borehole
US3976139A (en) * 1974-12-30 1976-08-24 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Anchoring for tensioning casing in thermal wells
US4024913A (en) * 1974-03-25 1977-05-24 Grable Donovan B Well installations employing non-metallic lines, tubing casing and machinery
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US4252474A (en) * 1978-05-11 1981-02-24 Vernon Jan Botes Stabilization of rock formations
US4291767A (en) * 1980-02-06 1981-09-29 Hall Jr Emmitt D Method for stabilizing and hanging surface casing
US4308917A (en) * 1978-01-09 1982-01-05 Dismukes Newton B Buoyant tubulars and method for installing same in a well bore
US4326586A (en) * 1980-07-03 1982-04-27 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Method for stressing thermal well casings
US4376463A (en) * 1978-11-30 1983-03-15 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Method of applying tensile stress to a casing
US4449848A (en) * 1983-02-09 1984-05-22 Juhola Mauno Olavi Means for providing a vertical drain in soil
US4655286A (en) * 1985-02-19 1987-04-07 Ctc Corporation Method for cementing casing or liners in an oil well
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US5271468A (en) * 1990-04-26 1993-12-21 Halliburton Company Downhole tool apparatus with non-metallic components and methods of drilling thereof
US5287741A (en) * 1992-08-31 1994-02-22 Halliburton Company Methods of perforating and testing wells using coiled tubing
US5390737A (en) * 1990-04-26 1995-02-21 Halliburton Company Downhole tool with sliding valve
US5540279A (en) * 1995-05-16 1996-07-30 Halliburton Company Downhole tool apparatus with non-metallic packer element retaining shoes
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US6220349B1 (en) 1999-05-13 2001-04-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Low pressure, high temperature composite bridge plug
US6712153B2 (en) 2001-06-27 2004-03-30 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Resin impregnated continuous fiber plug with non-metallic element system
US20040118566A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-06-24 Krywitsky Lee A. Fluid system component with sacrificial element
US7036602B2 (en) 2003-07-14 2006-05-02 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Retrievable bridge plug
US8833448B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2014-09-16 Hiltap Fittings, Ltd. Fluid system component with sacrificial element
US9175533B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-11-03 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Drillable slip
US10030467B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2018-07-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method and apparatus for sealing an undesirable formation zone in the wall of a wellbore
US20180258733A1 (en) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-13 Capital Technology LLC Method and System to Protect Legacy Production and to Mitigate the Risk of an Uncontrolled Release from Oil and Gas Wells
US10844700B2 (en) 2018-07-02 2020-11-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Removing water downhole in dry gas wells
US11555571B2 (en) 2020-02-12 2023-01-17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Automated flowline leak sealing system and method
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Cited By (66)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3193005A (en) * 1961-10-24 1965-07-06 Exxon Production Research Co Well completion and logging method
US3240232A (en) * 1962-07-27 1966-03-15 Carrol J Matherne Pipe thread protector
US3283815A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-11-08 Exxon Production Research Co Well completions
US3324665A (en) * 1964-10-28 1967-06-13 Shell Oil Co Method of stabilizing piles
US3354956A (en) * 1965-10-24 1967-11-28 Fenix & Scisson Inc Bottom-supported casing
US3502148A (en) * 1967-01-27 1970-03-24 Halliburton Co Method of improving bond strength
US3525401A (en) * 1968-08-12 1970-08-25 Exxon Production Research Co Pumpable plastic pistons and their use
US3581817A (en) * 1969-03-13 1971-06-01 Baker Oil Tools Inc Tensioned well bore liner and tool
US3719230A (en) * 1971-03-15 1973-03-06 Dow Chemical Co Casing pipe and method of casing a borehole
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