US3048677A - Switching device - Google Patents

Switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3048677A
US3048677A US99924A US9992461A US3048677A US 3048677 A US3048677 A US 3048677A US 99924 A US99924 A US 99924A US 9992461 A US9992461 A US 9992461A US 3048677 A US3048677 A US 3048677A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
pieces
pole
cores
armature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US99924A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward C Hellstrom
Jr Charles E Pollard
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US99924A priority Critical patent/US3048677A/en
Priority to DEW31625A priority patent/DE1236074B/de
Priority to FR889104A priority patent/FR1319480A/fr
Priority to BE615321A priority patent/BE615321A/fr
Priority to GB11569/62A priority patent/GB968237A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3048677A publication Critical patent/US3048677A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/28—Relays having both armature and contacts within a sealed casing outside which the operating coil is located, e.g. contact carried by a magnetic leaf spring or reed
    • H01H51/284—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/285—Polarised relays for latching of contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/28—Relays having both armature and contacts within a sealed casing outside which the operating coil is located, e.g. contact carried by a magnetic leaf spring or reed
    • H01H51/284—Polarised relays

Definitions

  • Our invention also utilizes the above general combination and, accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to improve the performance of an electromechanical relay.
  • Another object of our invention is to improve the response time characteristic of an electromechanical relay whereby to render feasible its use in high speed switching circuits.
  • a still further object of the invention is to prevent the operation of an electromechanical relay unless both operating windings have been simultaneously energized.
  • a sealed switch unit which has a mercury coated armature movable between two opposed stationary contacts; the terminal ends of the respective contact members project through the enclosing vessel and comprise opposed pole-pieces.
  • a permanent magnet is attached to each pole-piece whereby to provide opposing magnetic polarities at the respective stationary contacts.
  • the associated magnetic circuit comprises two U-shaped cores, butted together and cemented at their junction, an energizing winding for each core, and a rectangular plate of remanent magnetic material mounted over the core junction and extending into the space in front of, and be- Patented Aug. 7,. 1962 ice causes flux to pass through the remanent magnetic plate whereby to establish a bias and move the armature from the contact with which it is in engagement to the opposed contact.
  • the core sections are of a nonretentive material, for example, manganesezinc ferrite, while the extending plate is of a hard ferrite, for example cobalt ferrite, a remanent magnetic material.
  • This arrangement wherein the retentive member is magnetically coupled to the two-branch nonremanent core and extends into the area of the opposed contact members, permits operation on short pulses in the microsecond range and assures against false operation by energization of one core section alone.
  • the general arrangement of the switching device is similar to that of the first embodiment except for the omission of the plate of magnetically remanent material and the utilization, instead, of an element having low magnetic reluctance.
  • the device of the second embodiment is intended for operation on substantially longer current pulses than those with which the device of the first embodiment is used.
  • a feature of the present invention is the utilization, as the control elements for a switch unit, of a two-branch core section on each of which a winding is placed together with a further magnetic member joined to the two branches at one end and extending to the switch unit, the member offering a higher reluctance to magnetic flux than either core section when only one of the windings is energized.
  • flux for operating the switch unit is only directed along the magnetic member when both core sections are energized in parallel.
  • the switch unit be a sealed switch having an armature movable between two opposed stationary contacts, the contacts being connected to external pole-pieces and the magnetic member extending between these pole pieces.
  • Another feature of our invention is the two-branch core section of a material of relatively low reluctance compared to the magnetic member, a material with which low reluctance butt joints are readily obtained, which has a high permeability, and which has a relatively high resistivity.
  • the magnetic member extending from the twobranch core section to between the pole-pieces be of a remanently magnetic material.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one specific illustrative embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the specific illustrative embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a rear elevation in partial section of the device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevation view of another specific illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the device of FIG. 4.
  • an electromagnet assembly comprising two U-shaped magnetic cores 11 and 12 with respective coils 13 and 14, the two cores being butted together and cemented at their junction.
  • Cores '11 and 12 are preferably of manganesezinc ferrite since this material provides a high permeability, has a relatively high resistivity, and since with its use low reluctance butt joints are easily 3 obtained.
  • the electromagnet assembly is supported in proximity to switch assembly 17 by a suitable block 18, preferably of insulating material.
  • Mercury contact switch assembly '17 may be of the general type disclosed in United States Patent 3,008,021, issued November 7, 1961, on application Serial No. 858,- 805, filed December 10, 1959, C. E. Pollard, 11"., and its arrangement and operation will not be described herein in detail.
  • Pole-pieces 21 and 22 are sealed through the upper end wall of the glass enclosing vessel of switch assembly 17 and, as shown particularly in FIG. 3, extend within the vessel to form opposed stationary contacts.
  • Permanent magnets 23 and 24 are attached, for example by welding, to the respective pole-pieces 21 and 22 and provide a suitable magnetic biasing field. The permanent magnets are so adjusted that pole-pieces 21 and 22 are magnetized to respectively opposite polarities.
  • Armature 27 (FIG. 3), which moves between the opposed stationary contacts, is advantageously provided with capillary grooves as described in the copending application mentioned in the preceding paragraph and, during movement of the armature mercury is drawn from the supply pool 28 and transmitted to the area of the stationary contacts. This method of operation is described in greater detail in J. T. L. Brown- C. E. Pollard, Jr., United States Patent 2,609,464, issued September 2, 1952.
  • a plate 41 of remanent magnetic material is attached to the upper surface of joined cores 11 and 12 with its free end, as shown most clearly in FIG. 2, projecting into the space in front of and between pole-pieces 21 and 22.
  • Member 41 should be of the so-called hard ferrite material, for example cobalt ferrite, and capable of assuming a plurality of stable remanent magnetization states.
  • armature 27 is normally held in engagement with whichever contact it last engaged (since in a polarized relay of this general type the movable contact maintains its particular position in the absence of a magnetic field which opposes the contact position), but will move into engagement with the opposite contact whenever a small variation in the relative strengths of the induced magnetic poles (in pole-pieces 21 and 22) is produced.
  • windings 13 and 14 are energized in parallel, opposing magnetic flux patterns will be established in cores 11 and 12; for example the flux lines in core 11 may be in a generally clockwise direction while the flux lines in core 12 are in a generally counterclockwise direction.
  • the armature may be again moved to the opposed contact by energization of both windings 13 and 14 as before but in the opposite direction. This will reverse the magnetization of ferrite member 41 and establish a bias to move armature 27 from the contact with which it is then engaged to the opposed contact.
  • the switch assembly 42 of the present embodiment is assumed to be the same as switch assembly 17 of the previously described embodiment.
  • the electromagnetic assembly comprises cores 43 and 44, of highly permeable material such as 78.5 permalloy, with respective windings 47 and 48.
  • the cores are coupled at their lower ends by clamp 51 and at their upper ends by attachment, for example by welding, to rectangular block 52.
  • Ele ments 51 and 52 are preferably of highly permeable ma terial such as 45 permalloy.
  • the electromagnetic as sembly is attached to the enclosing vessel of switch 42 by suitable adhesive or other means.
  • Permanent magnets 53 and 54 are attached to respective pole-pieces 57 and 58 and serve a purpose similar to that described above in connection with the first embodiment.
  • top end piece 52 is extended to introduce flux into the area between pole-pieces 57 and 58.
  • the device when only one of the windings is energized, insufficient flux is induced in end piece 52 to operate the switch due both to the extended area of member 52 and to the low reluctance re turn path opened through the other core, the material utilized for core members 43 and 44 being of a lower magnetic reluctance than that of end member 52.
  • the device therefore, like the first embodiment described, is especially adaptable for crosspoint application since operation can be attained only by energization of both coils, and false operation through energization of one coil alone is prevented.
  • An electrical switching device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of elongated contact members sealed in one end wall of said vessel having portions extending within said vessel to form opposed stationary contacts and portions extending outside said vessel to form spaced pole-pieces, an armature mounted within said vessel movable between said stationary contacts, means outside of said vessel attached to each of said spaced pole-pieces for establishing at each of said stationary contacts respectively opposite magnetic poles, and addiitonal means mounted outside of said vessel for controlling movement of said armature from one of said contacts to the other, said additional means comprising a pair of magnetic cores magnetically joined to each other at their ends, a control coil on each core and an elongated magnetic member attached to said cores at one of the joined ends thereof and extending into the area adjacent to and between said spaced pole-pieces whereby to extend the magnetizing effect in said cores to said area.
  • An electrical switching device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of elongated conductive members sealed in one end wall of said vessel having respective portions extending within said vessel to form opposed stationary contacts and portions extending outside said vessel to form spaced pole-pieces, an armature mounted within said vessel movable between said opposed stationary contacts, a pair of permanent magnets, one of said permanent magnets being attached to one of said pole-pieces and the other permanent magnet being attached to the other of said pole-pieces whereby to establish at each of said stationary contacts respectively opposite magnetic poles, and additional means mounted outside of said vessel for controlling movement of said armature from one of said contacts to the other, said additional means including a pair of magnetic cores conductively joined to each other at their ends, a control coil on each core and means etiective only when both of said coils are energized in parallel for transferring flux established in said cores into the area adjacent to and between said spaced pole-pieces.
  • An electrical switching device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of elongated conductive members sealed in one end wall of said vessel having respective portions extending within said vessel to form opposed stationary contacts and portions extending outside said vessel to form space pole-pieces, an armature mounted within said vessel movable between said opposed stationary contacts, a pair of permanent magnets, one of said permanent magnets being attached to one of said polepieces and the other permanent magnet being attached to the other of said pole-pieces whereby to establish at each of said stationary contacts respectively opposite magnetic poles, and additional means mounted outside of said vessel for controlling movement of said armature from one of said contacts to the other, said additional means including a pair of magnetic cores conductively joined to each other at their ends, a control coil on each core and means effective only when opposing flux paths are established in the respective cores for transferring a portion of the flux into the area adjacent to and between said spaced pole-pieces.
  • An electrical switching device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of elongated conductive members sealed in one end Wall of said vessel having respective portions extending within said vessel to form opposed stationary contacts and portions extending outside said vessels to form spaced pole-pieces, an armature mounted within said vessel movable between said opposed stationary contacts, a pair of permanent magnets, one of said permanent magnets being attached to one of said polepieces and the other permanent magnet being attached to the other of said pole-pieces whereby to establish at each of said stationary contacts respectively opposite magnetic poles, and additional means mounted outside of said vessel for controlling movement of said armature from one of said contacts to the other, said additional means including a pair of magnetic cores conductively joined to each other at their ends, an elongated magnetic member attached to said cores at one of the joined ends thereof and extending into the area adjacent to and between said spaced pole-pieces, and means for establishing opposing flux paths in said cores whereby to cause a ilow of flux through said elongated magnetic member to said area.
  • An electrical switching device responsive to short control pulses in the microsecond range comprising a pair of opposed stationary contact members, a third contact member movable between said sationary contact members, a two-branch core of nonremanent magnetic material, means responsive to short control pulses in the microsecond range for establishing parallel flux paths in said core, and means for extending a portion of said flux paths into the area of said contact members, said last-mentioned means comprising a member of remanent magnetic material joined to said core.
  • An electrical switching device comprising a pair of opposed contact members and an armature movable therebetween sealed within an enclosing vessel, and means mounted outside said vessel for controlling the movement of said armature, said controlling means being responsive to short pulses in the microsecond range and comprising a two-branch core section of nonremanent magnetic material, an energizing winding for each core section, and a plate of remanent magnetic material joined at one end to said core sections and extending into the area of said contact members whereby to extend the pulse magnetizing effect in said core sections to said contact members.
  • An electrical switching device comprising a pair of opposed contact members and an armature movable therebetween positioned within an enclosing vessel, and means positioned outside of said vessel for controlling the movement of said armature between said contacts, said controlling means being responsive to short pulses in the microsecond range and comprising two U-shaped core sections magnetically joined to each other at their ends, means for applying control pulses to each of said core sections individually, and means effective when said core sections are magnetized in parallel for transferring the resultant flux to the area of said contact members.
  • said last-mentioned means comprises a rectangular plate of remanent magnetic material joined at one end to one of the junctions of said core section with the other end extending close to said contact members.
  • An electrical switching device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of elongated conductive members sealed in one end wall of said vessel having respective portions extending within said vessel to form opposed stationary contacts and portions extending outside said vessel to form spaced pole-pieces, an armature mounted within said vessel movable between said opposed stationary contacts, a pair of permanent magnets, one of said permanent magnets being attached to one of said pole-pieces and the other permanent magnet being attached to the other of said pole'pieces whereby to establish at each of said stationary contacts respectively opposite magnetic poles, and additional means mounted outside of said vessel for controlling movement of said armature from one of said contacts to the other, said additional means including a pair of U-shaped magnetic cores butted together and conductively joined at their ends, a control coil on each of said cores and a rectangular plate of magnetically remanent material connected at one end to said cores at one of the joined ends thereof and with the free end extending into the area adjacent to and between said spaced pole-pieces.
  • An electrical switching device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of elongated conductive members sealed in one end Wall of said vessel having respective portions extending within said vessel to form opposed stationary contacts and portions extending outside said vessel to form spaced pole-pieces, an armature mounted within said vessel movable between said opposed stationary contacts, a pair of permanent magnets, one of said permanent magnets being attached to one of said pole-pieces and the other permanent magnet being attached to the other of said pole-pieces whereby to establish at each of said stationary contacts respectively opposite magnetic poles, and additional means mounted outside of said vessel for controlling movement of said armature from one of said contacts to the other, said additional means including a pair of U-shaped cores of nonretentive magnetic material butted together and conductively joined at their ends, an elongated member of a material exhibiting a plurality of stable remanent magaosaew netization states connected at one end to said cores at one of the joined ends thereof and with the other end extending into the area adjacent to and between said
  • An electrical switching device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of elongated conductive members sealed in one end wall of said vessel having respective portions extending within said vessel to form opposed stationary contacts and portions extending outside said vessel to form spaced pole-pieces, an armature mounted within said vessel movable between said opposed stationary contacts, a pair of permanent magnets, one of said permanent magnets being attached to one of said pole-pieces and the other permanent magnet being attached to the other of said pole-pieces whereby to establish at each of said stationary contacts respectively opposite magnetic poles, and additional means mounted outside of said vessel for controlling movement of said armature from one of said contacts to the other, said additional means including a pair of U-shaped cores of non-retentive magnetic material butted together and joined at their ends to provide a low reluctance coupling between the two cores, a control coil on each core, a rectangular plate of magnetically remanent material connected to said cores at one of the junctions thereof and extending laterally into the area adjacent to and between said spaced
  • An electrical switching device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of elongated conductive members sealed in one end wall of said vessel having respective portions extending within said vessel to form opposed stationary contacts and portions extending outside said vessel to form spaced pole-pieces, an armature mounted within said vessel movable between said opposed stationary contacts, a pair of permanent magnets, one of said permanent magnets being attached to one of said pole-pieces and the other permanent magnet being at tached to the other of said pole-pieces whereby to estab lish at each of said stationary contacts respectively opposite magnetic poles, and additional means mounted outside of said vessel for controlling movement of said armature from one of said contacts to the other, said additional means including a pair of U-shaped cores of non-retentive magnetic material butted together and joined at their ends to provide a low reluctance coupling of the two cores, a control coil on each of said cores, and an elongated plate member of a material exhibiting a plurality of stable remanent magnetization states
US99924A 1961-03-31 1961-03-31 Switching device Expired - Lifetime US3048677A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US99924A US3048677A (en) 1961-03-31 1961-03-31 Switching device
DEW31625A DE1236074B (de) 1961-03-31 1962-02-06 Elektromagnetische Schutzrohrkontaktvorrichtung
FR889104A FR1319480A (fr) 1961-03-31 1962-02-24 Dispositif de commutation
BE615321A BE615321A (fr) 1961-03-31 1962-03-20 Dispositif de commutation
GB11569/62A GB968237A (en) 1961-03-31 1962-03-27 Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic polarized switching devices

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US99924A US3048677A (en) 1961-03-31 1961-03-31 Switching device

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US3048677A true US3048677A (en) 1962-08-07

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BE (1) BE615321A (fr)
DE (1) DE1236074B (fr)
GB (1) GB968237A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3166652A (en) * 1963-04-17 1965-01-19 Gen Electric Magnetic reed switch with latching feature
US3320562A (en) * 1965-11-30 1967-05-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switch assembly using magnetically operated switches
US3497840A (en) * 1968-07-06 1970-02-24 Adams & Westlake Co Magnetically operated relay switches
US3533025A (en) * 1969-01-31 1970-10-06 Adams & Westlake Co Flat pack relay

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2609464A (en) * 1949-10-05 1952-09-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Relay
US2844687A (en) * 1956-08-03 1958-07-22 Arthur H Gottfried Electromechanical switching element
US2872546A (en) * 1956-02-03 1959-02-03 Stuart K Babcock Self-centering relay
US2965733A (en) * 1957-08-22 1960-12-20 Philips Corp Polar electromagnetic relay
US2992306A (en) * 1959-07-01 1961-07-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetically controlled switching device
US3001049A (en) * 1959-11-30 1961-09-19 Leach Corp Magnetic latch

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR858746A (fr) * 1939-05-03 1940-12-02 Mors Electricite Perfectionnements aux relais

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2609464A (en) * 1949-10-05 1952-09-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Relay
US2872546A (en) * 1956-02-03 1959-02-03 Stuart K Babcock Self-centering relay
US2844687A (en) * 1956-08-03 1958-07-22 Arthur H Gottfried Electromechanical switching element
US2965733A (en) * 1957-08-22 1960-12-20 Philips Corp Polar electromagnetic relay
US2992306A (en) * 1959-07-01 1961-07-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetically controlled switching device
US2995637A (en) * 1959-07-01 1961-08-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrical switching devices
US3001049A (en) * 1959-11-30 1961-09-19 Leach Corp Magnetic latch

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3166652A (en) * 1963-04-17 1965-01-19 Gen Electric Magnetic reed switch with latching feature
US3320562A (en) * 1965-11-30 1967-05-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switch assembly using magnetically operated switches
US3497840A (en) * 1968-07-06 1970-02-24 Adams & Westlake Co Magnetically operated relay switches
US3533025A (en) * 1969-01-31 1970-10-06 Adams & Westlake Co Flat pack relay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1236074B (de) 1967-03-09
DE1236074C2 (fr) 1967-09-14
BE615321A (fr) 1962-07-16
GB968237A (en) 1964-09-02

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