US3047391A - Method of coating partially acetylated paper with plasticized cellulose ester and resulting paper coated with a photographic emulsion - Google Patents

Method of coating partially acetylated paper with plasticized cellulose ester and resulting paper coated with a photographic emulsion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3047391A
US3047391A US786043A US78604359A US3047391A US 3047391 A US3047391 A US 3047391A US 786043 A US786043 A US 786043A US 78604359 A US78604359 A US 78604359A US 3047391 A US3047391 A US 3047391A
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United States
Prior art keywords
paper
alcohol
solution
cellulose
cellulose ester
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Expired - Lifetime
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US786043A
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English (en)
Inventor
Carl J Malm
Lloyd E Herdle
Gerald C Gandy
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
Priority to BE586432D priority Critical patent/BE586432A/xx
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US786043A priority patent/US3047391A/en
Priority to DEE18522A priority patent/DE1260964B/de
Priority to FR815375A priority patent/FR1244860A/fr
Priority to GB1090/60A priority patent/GB941483A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3047391A publication Critical patent/US3047391A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D21H17/25—Cellulose
    • D21H17/27—Esters thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper

Definitions

  • Paper is ordinarily prepared from cellulose fibers such as wood pulp by applying a slurry of the fibers to the wire of a papermaking machine from which the thus formed paper is led eventually to calender rolls to impart a smooth, even finish thereto.
  • sizing agents may be applied either to the paper or to the fibers prior to their formation into paper.
  • paper made from partially acetylated cellulose fibers often exhibits considerable resistance to sizing operations.
  • One object of our invention is to provide a partially acetylated paper useful for photographic purposes, the wet strength and fold values of which are comparable with, or better than, those of papers normally used as a photographic paper base.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide a paper which is. highly resistant to the efiects of moisture and to change in dimensional stability. Other objects of our invention will appear herein. 7
  • paper having highly desirable characteristics may be obtained if paper is formed from pulp which has been partially aceylated so as to impart an acetyl content of 15-30% and that paper is treated with an alcohol solution of a cellulose ester and a plasticizer.
  • drying is treated with an alcohol solution of cellulose ester and plasticizer and after subjecting to pressure such as squeeze rolls and evaporation of the alcohol the paper is subjected to heat and pressure to give a smooth finish to the paper.
  • a pigment such as titanium dioxide can be incorporated in the solution as described and claimed in U.S. application Ser. No. 786,431 of Malm and Gandy, filed of even date.
  • paper prepared therefrom is less strong than that prepared from fibers which had not been acetylated. However, whether or not partial acetylation has decreased the strength of the pulp fibers to any appreciable extent the treatment of paper sheets prepared therefrom with an aliphatic alcohol solution of a cellulose ester and a plasticizer for the cellulose compound has a beneficial eiiect upon the properties of the paper.
  • the alcohols which are of value in this connection are those of 1-4 carbon atoms such as butyl, isobutyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethyl and methyl. These alcohols have substantially no swelling effect on the partially acetylated fibers which is of particular advantage as the paper fibers take up only a minimum of the alcohol solution. For instance, with some types of solvents as much as 4 parts of solution will be retained by the paper, whereas the retention of the alcohol solution by the fiber can be held to less than 1 part of solution per part of paper.
  • the treatment of paper with alcohol Solution of cellulose ester and plasticizer gives a paper through which water vapor will readily pass and also prevents much of the cockle efiect upon subsequent rewetting and drying of the paper.
  • the treatment described gives a uniform distribution of the cellulose ester and plasticizer therefor throughsheets of paper of this type have good wet strength and fold characteristics and the mullen and other properties are greatly improved.
  • the cellulose fiber employed in making the paper is wood pulp which has been partially acetylated such as by some method described in the prior artor by the method described in U.S. application Ser. No.- 786,045 of Herdle and Gandy, now abandoned, filed of even date, or in U.S. application Ser. No.
  • the cellulose ester composition readily adheres to the fibers because of its aifinity for partially acetylated material.
  • the cellulose esters whose alcohol solutions are employed are preferably the butyrates and propionates of cellulose. A certain amount of acetyl will be tolerated but there should be present sufiicient propionyl or butyryl that the cellulose ester employed is readily soluble in hot alcohol. If the alcohol solution is only liquid at an elevated temperature, it is desirable to first heat the paper prior to subjecting it to treatment therewith. In the case of alcohols which are not readily compatible with water, such as the butyl alcohols, heating of the paper initially is desirable to remove moisture therefrom.
  • the paper prior to treatment may be subjected to a temperature of at least 120 F., the upper temperature limit being governed in part by that which will act derogatorily upon the paper.
  • the plasticizer used may be any plasticizer for the cellulose ester, it being employed in considerable proportion such as 20 to 75% of the cellulose ester-plasticizer mixture. Some plasticizers which are useful in this connection are dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl adipate, and the like.
  • the partially aceylated paper treated in accordance with out invention is one which has been prepared from wood pulp fibers having an acetyl content of 15-25%. If the partially esterified fibers used have other acyl groups therer iently carried out by immersing the paper in the alcohol solution'of cellulose ester and plasticizer such as by running it through a bath thereof. This procedure can be very conveniently carried out in a continuous manner wherein a roll of paper is continuously unwound, heated and passed into a bath of the alcohol solution and the paper is continuously withdrawn through squeeze rolls, the alcohol evaporated oil and the paper passed over hot calender rolls thereby subjecting it to heat andpressure to give a smooth finish which is stable to water wetting and redrying.
  • the amount of solution left in the paper is less than 1 part per part of paper.
  • the amount of cellulose ester and plasticizer which is retained in paper of usual thickness and absorbency is ordinarily less than A part per part of paper and preferably on the order of A part per part of paper.
  • the pick up of the alcohol solution by the paper is greater than with the higher alcohols such as those of 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
  • the solution employed ordinarily contains approximately 25% of cellulose ester and plasticizer dissolved in the alcohol. However, this concentration is optional as the solution can be considerably more dilute and will give interesting results in that the physical properties of the paper will be markedly improved. On the other hand, the amounts of cellulose ester and plasticizer used can be considerably more.
  • Example 1 Paper having a weight of 20 pounds per 1000 sq. ft. was made from a bleached kraft pulp which had been acetylated to an acetyl content of approximately 20%. This paper was passed through a solution consisting of 75% of n-butyl alcohol, 12.5% of halfecond viscosity cellulose acetate butyr-ate (butyryl 35-39%, acetyl 12- 15%) and 12.5% of dibutyl phthalate. The paper was passed through squeeze rolls to remove liquid therefrom leaving approximately /2 part of solution per part (by weight) of pulp. The alcohol in the paper sheet was evaporated therefrom bya current of warm dry air and the sheet obtained was supercalendered at .140 F. using 4 nips.
  • Example 2 Paper having a weight of 20 pounds per 1000 sq. ft. was made from a bleached kraft pulp which had been acetylated to an acetyl content of approximately 20% and was passed through a solution as indicated in the following table. The excess solution was removed with squeeze rolls leaving approximately solution based on the weight of the pulp. The alcohol was evaporated from the sheet and the sheet was supercalendered using 4 nips at 140 F. In one case where the paper was prepared from fiber which had been jordaned only, the results obtained were as follows:
  • Percent alcohol Percent Ester Percent Plastlcizer 84 isobuty1. 10.0 cellulose acetate-butyrate.
  • the paper prepared in accordance with our invention is useful for preparing photographic paper by applying a silver halide emulsion layer thereon particularly after the paper had first been coated with a baryta layer as is well known in the art. It is desirable in the case of photographic use that the paper he prepared from a bleached pulp. However, our invention also contemplates the use of the treatment described upon paper made from unbleached pulp, which paper is useful for wrapping materials for electrical insulation or in any case where moisture absorption, resistance to swelling or dimensional change by moisture is important.
  • a method of preparing paper resistant to the effect of moisture which comprises impregnating paper essentially consisting of partially acylated cellulose fibers with a solution in lower alcohol of a mixture of lower fatty acid ester of cellulose and a plasticizer therefor, in such manner as to leave less than 1 part of solution per part of paper, evaporating off the alcohol therefrom and subjecting to heat and pressure to impart a smooth finish to the paper.
  • a method of preparing paper resistant to the effect of moisture which comprises impregnating paper essentially consisting of partially acetylated cellulose fibers with a solution in a lower alcohol of a mixture of lower fatty acid ester of cellulose and a plasticizer therefor, in such manner as to leave less than 1 part of solution per part of paper, evaporating ofi the alcohol therefrom and subjecting to heat and pressure to impart a smooth finish to the paper.
  • a method of preparing paper resistant to the effect of moisture which comprises impregnating paper essentially consisting of partially acetylated cellulose fibers with a solution in a lower alcohol of a propionic acid ester of cellulose and a plasticizer therefor, in such manner as to leave less than 1 part of solution per part of paper, evaporating off the alcohol therefrom and subjecting to heat and pressure to impart a smooth finish to the paper. 7
  • a method of preparing paper resistant to the effect of moisture which comprises impregnating paper essentially consisting of partially acetylated cellulose fibers ti with a solution in a lower alcohol 'of a butyric acid ester of cellulose and a plasticizer therefor, in such manner as to leave less than 1 part of solution per part of paper, evaporating off the alcohol therefrom and subjecting to heat and pressure to impart a smooth finish to the paper. 5.
  • a method of preparing paper resistant to the effect of moisture which comprises impregnating paper essentially consisting of partially acetylated cellulose fibers with a solution in a butyl alcohol of a mixture of a lower fatty acid ester of cellulose and a plasticizer therefor, in such manner as to leave less than 1 part of solution per part of paper, evaporating off the alcohol therefrom and subjecting to heat and pressure to impart a smooth finish to the paper.
  • a method of preparing paper resistant to the efiect of moisture which comprises impregnating paper essentially consisting of partially acetylated bleached kraft pulp with a solution in butyl alcohol of a butyric acid ester of cellulose and dibutyl phthalate as the plasticizer for the cellulose ester, passing the paper through squeeze rolls to remove liquid therefrom, thereby leaving approximately /2 part of solution per part of paper, evaporating off the alcohol therefrom and subjecting to heat and pressure to impart a smooth finish to the paper.
  • Photographic paper comprising a paper base essentially consisting of partially acylated cellulose fibers which have been impregnated with a lower alcohol solution of a lower fatty acid ester of cellulose and a plasticizer from which paper the alcohol had been evaporated off and heat and pressure had been applied thereto and a photographic silver halide emulsion layer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US786043A 1959-01-12 1959-01-12 Method of coating partially acetylated paper with plasticized cellulose ester and resulting paper coated with a photographic emulsion Expired - Lifetime US3047391A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE586432D BE586432A (he) 1959-01-12
US786043A US3047391A (en) 1959-01-12 1959-01-12 Method of coating partially acetylated paper with plasticized cellulose ester and resulting paper coated with a photographic emulsion
DEE18522A DE1260964B (de) 1959-01-12 1959-11-18 Verfahren zur Herstellung von unter Feuchtigkeitseinwirkung massbestaendigem Papier
FR815375A FR1244860A (fr) 1959-01-12 1960-01-11 Procédé pour l'amélioration des propriétés physiques d'un papier partiellement acétylé et nouveau papier obtenu
GB1090/60A GB941483A (en) 1959-01-12 1960-01-12 Treated paper useful in photography

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US786043A US3047391A (en) 1959-01-12 1959-01-12 Method of coating partially acetylated paper with plasticized cellulose ester and resulting paper coated with a photographic emulsion

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US3047391A true US3047391A (en) 1962-07-31

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US (1) US3047391A (he)
BE (1) BE586432A (he)
DE (1) DE1260964B (he)
FR (1) FR1244860A (he)
GB (1) GB941483A (he)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3472673A (en) * 1966-05-09 1969-10-14 Mead Corp Process for producing coating on paper base having electrophotographic properties
US3547678A (en) * 1968-06-28 1970-12-15 Mead Corp Electrophotographic sheet and methods of printing

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2103640A (en) * 1935-03-30 1937-12-28 Brown Co Paper manufacture
US2186957A (en) * 1938-04-13 1940-01-16 Dow Chemical Co Coating method
US2227494A (en) * 1937-07-24 1941-01-07 Plastics Finishing Corp Method and apparatus for coating paper
US2287348A (en) * 1939-05-11 1942-06-23 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Coating paper
US2351174A (en) * 1941-05-16 1944-06-13 Celanese Corp Coated material
US2357962A (en) * 1939-08-11 1944-09-12 Firm Sandoz Ltd Manufacture of laminated webs of cellulose ester fibers
US2814617A (en) * 1952-02-28 1957-11-26 Saul & Co Acylation of cellulose with retention of fiber structure
US2955958A (en) * 1956-03-05 1960-10-11 Nathan J Brown Process of treating woven textile fabric with a vinyl chloride polymer

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2069771A (en) * 1932-09-01 1937-02-09 Cellovis Inc Manufacture of felted proofed fibrous materials
GB494253A (en) * 1937-04-23 1938-10-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to the esterification of paper
DE939127C (de) * 1938-06-12 1956-02-16 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Acetylieren von Papieren

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2103640A (en) * 1935-03-30 1937-12-28 Brown Co Paper manufacture
US2227494A (en) * 1937-07-24 1941-01-07 Plastics Finishing Corp Method and apparatus for coating paper
US2186957A (en) * 1938-04-13 1940-01-16 Dow Chemical Co Coating method
US2287348A (en) * 1939-05-11 1942-06-23 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Coating paper
US2357962A (en) * 1939-08-11 1944-09-12 Firm Sandoz Ltd Manufacture of laminated webs of cellulose ester fibers
US2351174A (en) * 1941-05-16 1944-06-13 Celanese Corp Coated material
US2814617A (en) * 1952-02-28 1957-11-26 Saul & Co Acylation of cellulose with retention of fiber structure
US2955958A (en) * 1956-03-05 1960-10-11 Nathan J Brown Process of treating woven textile fabric with a vinyl chloride polymer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3472673A (en) * 1966-05-09 1969-10-14 Mead Corp Process for producing coating on paper base having electrophotographic properties
US3547678A (en) * 1968-06-28 1970-12-15 Mead Corp Electrophotographic sheet and methods of printing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1244860A (fr) 1960-10-28
DE1260964B (de) 1968-02-08
BE586432A (he)
GB941483A (en) 1963-11-13

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