US3038239A - Crimpable composite filament - Google Patents

Crimpable composite filament Download PDF

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Publication number
US3038239A
US3038239A US799617A US79961759A US3038239A US 3038239 A US3038239 A US 3038239A US 799617 A US799617 A US 799617A US 79961759 A US79961759 A US 79961759A US 3038239 A US3038239 A US 3038239A
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Prior art keywords
filament
components
filaments
crimp
water
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US799617A
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Gordon M Moulds
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to NL249428D priority Critical patent/NL249428A/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US799617A priority patent/US3038239A/en
Priority to FR821535A priority patent/FR1254068A/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y10T428/2931—Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]

Definitions

  • Wool fabrics have good bulk and cover, obtainable at a relatively low finishing shrinkage which is quite desirable from aneconomic standpoint.
  • wool fabrics have excellent elastic properties such as stretchability, compressional resilience. and liveliness, and display a pleasing surface handle.
  • the surface of wool fabrics is renewable; evenafter such severe deformations as crushing or glazing, a
  • Fibers of this type have been prepared by use of special spinning new surface can easily be obtained, for example by wetconditions or after-treatments which bring about diiferential physical proverties over the cross section of single component filaments, or by spinning together two or more materials to form a composite filament, ie, one which contains the components in an eccentric relationship over the cross section of the filaments. If the two components of a composite filament possess substantially different shrinkage, a crimp is caused by the. dilferential shrinkage of the spun and drawn components.
  • This invention is concerned with a class of improved composite filaments.
  • These filaments have at least two hydrophobic polymers in eccentric relationship.
  • hydrophobic polymers is meant those polymers having the characteristic of absorbing not more than about 3,38,239 Patented June 12, I962 5% of their dry Weight of water when filaments or yarns of such polymers are exposed to an atmosphere of 65% relative humidity at 70 F.
  • the blended component should preferably contain no morethan about 50% by weight of water absorbent polymer.
  • the composite filament must be crimpable from the straight state upon shrinking. The presence of the water absorbent polymer imparts or increases crimp reversibility upon treatment with and subsequent removal of water. It will be obvious that a small amount of the water-sensitive polymer can be present in one component and a correspondingly larger amount in the other component for purposes of dyeability, etc. without losing the advantages of the invention.
  • synthetic polymer a polymer that has been man-made from relatively low molecular weight compounds (monomers) by addition or condensation polymerization methods.
  • the new improved filaments of this invention may be obtained by spinning together two or more selected synthetic polymeric materials, at least one of which isfiberforming, in such a way that the materials form over the cross sectionof the single composite filament two or more distinct zones which extend through the entire length of the filament in eccentric fashion, whereby only one, or
  • part of or all the components form the surface of the single composite filament.
  • the following discussion will refer to two-component filaments although the filaments may, if desired, have more than two components.
  • a spinneret apparatus suitable for this purpose is described below.
  • FIGURE 1 is a central cross-sectional elevation of a spinneret assembly which can be used to make the composite filaments of this invention
  • FIGURE '2 is a transverse cross-sectional plan view of the apparatus of FIGURE 1 taken at 2?. thereof and showing details of the top of the back plate;
  • FIGURE 3 is a transverse cross-sectional plan view taken at 3-3 of FIGURE I showing details of the bottom of the back plate;
  • FIGURE 1A is an enlarged portion taken from FIGURE 1 to show details of the spinneret atthe spinning orifice; and r FIGURES 4, 5, and 6 show greatly magnified cross sections, i.e., sections perpendicular to the filament axis, of typical filaments of this invention produced by dry spinning.
  • one component is shaded to SllOWV the separation between components.
  • the bottom spinneret plate 2 which contains a circle of o'rifices 3 is held in place against back plate 1 by retaining rings 12 and 14 and by bolt 13.
  • Afine-mesh screen 4 e.g., 200 mesh per inch, is pressed into position between, and serves as a spacer between spinneret plate 2 and back plate 1.
  • Back plate 1 contains two annular chambers 8 and 9 which are connected to suitable piping and filtration apparatus (not shown) to receive different spinning compositions. Lead holes 11 go from annular chamber 9 to annular space 7. Lead holes 10 lead from annular chamber 8 to annular space 6.
  • Annular spaces 6 and 7 are separated by wall which is disposed above orifices 3 and spaced from spinneret plate 2 by screen 4 to permit free and contiguous passage of the spinning fluids from annular spaces 6 and 7 through orifices 3, the mesh of screen 4 being fine enough to permit spinning fluid passage through orifices 3, as shown in detail in FIGURE 1A.
  • FIGURE 2 are shown four lead holes and four lead holes 11 equally spaced within the concentric chambers 8 and 9, respectively.
  • FIGURE 3 are shown the concentric inner and outer annular spaces 6 and 7 and the fine-mesh screen 4 partially in section.
  • the water absorption of a polymer is determined by the following test:
  • a one gram polymer sample that will pass a 40-mesh screen is placed in a room at 75 F., 65% relative humidity for 70 hours.
  • the sample is weighed (Weight moist), dried at 110 C. for 3 hours and reweighed (weight dry) polymer weight, moist-polymer weight, dry l00
  • the equilibrium crimp reversibility of the filaments of this invention are determined by the following test:
  • a single filament is separated from the single end or tow of drawn, unrelaxed fibers.
  • a three-inch length of the filament is attached to opposite sides of a rectangular copper wire frame with 30% slack between the ends.
  • the frame and filament is then boiled off for 15 minutes to develop the crimp.
  • the crimped filament is then transferred to a special viewing holder by taping or gluing the ends so that about 10% slack is present and the filament length between the clamped ends is approximately 2.5 inches.
  • the filament and viewing holder is then mounted vertically in a stoppered test tube containing desiccant. The tube is stored vertically overnight (l824 hours) at 70 C. Following this conditioning period to dry the filament the tube is then brought to room temperature (approximately C.).
  • the total number of crimps in the filament between the fixed ends are counted. In counting, any crimp reversal points present are ignored.
  • the desiccant is then removed from the glass tube, the tube filled with water and stored vertically at 70 C. for 6 hours. The number of crimps in the wet fiber are counted as above. The cycles are repeated as required to obtain reproducible results.
  • ECR equilibrium crimp reversibility
  • the crimped filament was then suspended in a tube and kept from floating or bending by a small weight (1 milligram) attached to the lower (free) end and insufficient to remove crimp, the weight being pointer shaped to permit measuring and counting rotations of the filament during crimping and uncrimping.
  • the filament was treated successively to 5 cycles each consisting of a 5-minute exposure to 25 C. water followed by a 10-minute drying period in 25 C. moving air. Th revolutions of the pointer (which are equivalent to the crimp changes) for the drying and wetting cycle, were averaged for the 5 cycles and expressed as turns per inch (t.p.i.) of crimped dry filament and are referred to hereinafter as crimp reversibility.
  • the same test was carried out at C.
  • Another property of the filaments of this invention that is of great importance is their ability to recover from compaction.
  • the following test is used to measure this property.
  • Crimped fibers were cut in 2-inch lengths, hand carded and made into pellets weighing 0.20 gram.
  • the pellets were placed into a cylinder (0.5 inch diameter hole), heated to 85 C., 1 ml. of water added and compressed under a freely sliding piston that exerted 3.5 p.s.i. for two minutes. The height of the pellet under compression was measured.
  • the compressed pellets were removed from the cylinder and: (1) allowed to recover in dry air for 24 hours and then (2) exposed to steam at atmospheric pressure for 1 minute. The heights of the recovered pellets were measured after treatment 2 and the recovery from compaction calculated:
  • n (height of recovered pellet-compressed height of pellet) X ecovery compressed hei 0f D911ct
  • the expression intrinsic viscosity with the symbol n as used herein signifies the value of 1n(n) at the ordinate axis intercept (i.e., when c equals 0) in a graph of EXAMPLE I
  • DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
  • the two polymers were compatible and the mixture had a water absorption of 3.8%.
  • the above two clear spinning solutions were extruded at C. simultaneously from a spinneret similar to that described above having 60 orifices of 0.007 inch indiameter. The solutions were fed to the spinneret so that the polyacrylonitrile component in each filament faced the cell wall.
  • Thecomposite filaments were extruded down into a spinning cell 9 inches in diameter by 19 feet long with a concurrent flow of a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen that was at a temperature of 320 C. as it entered the cell around the spinneret, the walls of the spinning cell being maintained at 170 C. and the yarn was wound up at 200 yards per minute.
  • the 600 denier as-spun yarn was drawn to 4.5 times its original length (i.e., 4.5x) in water at 95-98 C. which simultaneously extracted the residual DMF in the yarn.
  • the yarn upon boiling in water developed 14.2 crimps per inch of extended length and had a denier per filament of 3.3.
  • the yarn had an equilibrium crimp reversibility (ECR) of 20.8% and a crimp reversibility of 0.46 and 1.09 t.p.i. at 25 C. and 90 C. respectively.
  • ECR equilibrium crimp reversibility
  • the crimped fiber displayed 321% recovery from compression upon steaming.
  • EXAMPLE II A 23% solution in DMF of a copolymer having a water absorption of 1.3% and composed of acrylonitrile and styrene sulfonic acid in a ratio of 98/ 2% by Weight was prepared and constitutes the hydrophobic polymer component.
  • the copolymer had an n of 2.0.
  • a 90/ 10 mixture of this copolymer and poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone of n 2.0 was dissolved in DMF to form -a 23% solution that was clear.
  • the two solutions were simultaneously extruded and stretched using the equipment and procedure of Example I so that the pure copolymer component faced the outside of the spinning cell.
  • the relaxed yarn After boiling in water, the relaxed yarn had 16.8 crimps per inch and a denier per filament of 3.5.
  • the yarn had a crimp reversibility of 0.51 and 0.67 t.p.i. at 25 and 90 C. respectively.
  • ECR values of 10%, and 29% relative to a fixed dry state at C. were obtained for the wet state at 45, 70, and 90 C. respectively.
  • Single component filaments prepared from copolymer alone and the polymer mixture alone were spun and treated as above.
  • the two filaments displayed reversible length changes of 2.1 and 4.4% between 25 C. dry and 70 C. wet for the copolymer and blend respectively.
  • the crimped yarn displayed a recovery of 251% from compression upon steaming.
  • EXAMPLE III A compatible mixture of 90% polyacrylonitrile of n 2.0, and 10% poly-N-vinyl methylformamide of n 2.0 was dissolved in DMF to form a 22% solution.
  • the poly-N-vinyl methylformamide is water soluble and has a waterabsorption of 19.8%.
  • This clear solution and a 22% solution of polyacrylonitrile n 2.0 in DMF were simultaneously-extruded at 110 C. and composite filaments spun and drawn 4.5 X as in Example I.
  • the yarn developed 27.5 crimps per inch of extended length upon boiling in water and had a denier per filament of 3.3.
  • the yarn had an ECR of 20.1% and a crimp reversibility of 0.39 and 1.18 t.p.i. at 25 C. and 90 C. respectively.
  • the yarn had a denier per filament of 2.9 and displayed an equilibrium crimp reversibility of only 6.9% and a crimp reversibility of 0.06 t.p.i. at 25 C.
  • EXAMPLE IV I The poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone in the mixture in Example II was replaced with poly-N-vinyl methylform amide to afford a compatible mixture and composite filaments spun and drawn as in Example II.
  • the composite filaments after boiling had 19.3 crimps per inch and had an equilibrium crimp reversibility of 15.7%.
  • the crimp reversibility was 0.19 and 0.97 t.p.i. at 25 C. and 90 C. respectively for the 4.2 denier per filament yarn.
  • EXAMPLE V A 29% solution in DMF of a copolymer composed of 94% acrylonitrile and 6% methyl acrylate by weight was prepared. This copolymer has a water absorption of 1.9 and an n of 1.5. A mixture of of the above polymer and 20% of zein (water insoluble containing 95% minimum protein-Argo Brand made by Corn Products Refining Co. with a water absorption of 6.4%) was dissolved in DMF to give a 29% solution that was slightly turbid. The two solutions were simultaneously extruded using the equipment and method of Example I and the composite filaments drawn as in Example I.
  • the yarn After boiling in water, the yarn had 10.0 crimps per inch, an equilibrium crimp reversiblity of 17.8% and displayed a crimp reversibility at C. of 0.87 t.p.i. for the 3.5 d.p.f. filaments. The fibers displayed 350% recovery fromcompression.
  • EXAMPLE VI Using the technique of Example I two component sideby-side filaments were prepared using polyacrylonitrile for side 1 and a mixture of poly-acrylonitrile and poly- N-vinylpyrrolidone (PNVP) 'for side 2. After the fibers have been drawn 4.5 X in baths of water -98" C. and boiled off, the yarn was cut into staple length and dyed with a lvat dye, Colour Index 59825. The dye bath consisted of the following:
  • the amount of dye on a fiber or the depth of color are approximately proportional to the K/S value which is a measure of the light reflected froma sample.
  • K/S value which is a measure of the light reflected froma sample.
  • .K/S values for cotton and an acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate 94/6 fiber are 10.73 and 0.51 respectively with the same dye and method. For this green dye the reflectance through a red filter was measured.
  • Item'C represents a preferred specie of this invention due to its high level ofvat dyeability which allows'union dyeing of blends of this fiber and cotton and the high level of crimp obtained.
  • Example IA The poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone in Example IA is replaced with poly-N,N-dimethyl acrylamide of n 2.0 and composite filaments having a reversible crimp after drawing and boiling are prepared.
  • EXAMPLE VIII A wholly aromatic polyamide is prepared by condensing a cold mixture of m-phenylene diamine in N,N'-dimethylacetamide with isophthaloyl chloride. A molar quantity of calcium hydroxide is added to the reaction product to neutralize the hydrochloric acid formed as a by-product. The solution containing 18.1% of a polyarnide of inherent viscosity 1.62 (as measured in dimethylacetarnide) and 4.62% CaCl is used as one spinning solution.
  • the above two solutions are simultaneously extruded at 130 C. through a one-hole spinneret to form a sideby-side filament of both polymer components into a spinning cell heated to 250 C. and the filament wound up at 200 y.-p.m.
  • the as-spun filament is drawn 4 in atmospheric steam and boiled in water to develop the helical crimp.
  • the filament is immersed in a 75% aqueous solution of formic acid for minutes at 95 C. washed and dried.
  • the dried filament of 4.5 denier has 12.9 crimps per inch of extended length, has a crimp index of 10.7 and an ECR of 17.4%.
  • This polyamide polymer alone is a hydrophobic polymer.
  • Filaments have been produced in the above examples which consist of about equal parts of the two components or a relatively higher amount of one component and a correspondingly lower amount of the other component. Good results can usually be obtained with composite filaments containing at least 20% by weight of one component and 80% by weight of the polymer blend up to a ratio of 50% by weight of both components.
  • Polymers suitable for use as a component of the yarns in this invention may be found among all types of synthetic, polymeric, fiber-forming materials.
  • Condensation polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, or polyester amides as described in U.S. Patents 2,071,250; 2,071,253; 2,130,523; 2,130,948; 2,190,770; 2,465,319, as well as polyurethanes as in U.S. Patent 2,731,446 and polyureas are satisfactory.
  • Addition type polymers such as polyhydrocarbons, polyethers and those made from ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate and their copolymers with each other and other copolymerizable monomers may be used.
  • Polymers containing 80% or more combined acrylonitrile are especially preferred due to their resistance to chemical reagents, ultra-violet light degradation and outstanding physical properties.
  • Patents 2,527,300 and 2,601,256 can be copolymerized with acrylonitrile as disclosed in Jacobson U.S. 2,436,926 and in Arnold U.S. 2,456,360 to produce Copolymers useful herein.
  • the water-sensitive polymer used for blending may be a natural or synthetic polymer or copolymer. Preferably it is compatible with the synthetic polymer used in order to produce lustrous, heat-stable, uniform-dyeing filaments.
  • Compatibility is readily determined by casting a film of the polymeric blend in question by any suitable method as by melt, dry or wet casting from a solution or from a plasticized melt.
  • a clear film after removal of the solvent (if used) is evidence of compatibility.
  • the film should remain clear after drawing and relaxing.
  • polymers containing or more combined acrylonitrile are used and the water-sensitive polymer should preferably be compatible therewith.
  • the following structural criteria may be used to select a suitable water-sensitive polymer:
  • the ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the polar group (such as should be less than or equal to 5:1.
  • the polar group should have a dipole moment of greater than 3.5 Debye.
  • Copolymers with the required Water absorption may be used as the water-sensitive blending polymer. Although many types of comonomers may be used with the watersensitive monomer, acrylonitrile is preferably used. In addition to Copolymers containing from 5-50% of acrylonitrile with the previously discussed monomers, the Water-sensitive graft copolymers containing N-acrylyl and N-methacrylyl substituted nitrogen heterocyclic com- 9 pounds as discussed in Us. Patent 2,798,061 may be used.
  • the two polymeric components should be selected so that they have a difference in shrinkage of at least 1% and a difference in reversible length change of more than 0.4% (as determined on single component filaments measured at 25 C. dry and 70 C. wet).
  • Composite filaments prepared for use in accordance with the present invention may be subjected to a drawing (permanent stretching) operation in order to impart to the filaments the desired physical properties as tenacity, elongation and initial modulus.
  • drawing permanent stretching
  • crimped filaments with a reversible crimp have been made from dry-spun filaments Without a drawing treatment.
  • the conditions applied to drawing the spun multi-component filaments may vary in wide limits. The drawing characteristics of the components can readily be determined from those of mono-component filaments of each of the component polymers of the composite filaments.
  • the drawing can be accomplished in accordance with known principles applicable to the particular polymers of the composite filaments and, in general, the composite filaments are drawn at least 50% (i.e., to 150% of original undrawn length) and preferably about 28 times the original lengths.
  • the extent of drawing will, of course, also depend somewhat upon the nature of the particular polymers used in the composite filaments and upon the type of eccentric relationship between those polymers in the composite filament.
  • the shrinking of the composite filaments in order to efiect crimping may be carried out by the use of any suitable known shrinking agent.
  • Shrinking will ordinarily be carried out by the use of hot aqueous media such as hot or boiling water, steam, or hot highly humid atmosphere, or by the use of hot air or other hot gaseous or liquid media chemically inert to the polymers of the composite filaments.
  • the shrinking temperature is generally in the neighborhood of 100 C. but may be higher or lower, e.g., 50 C. up to about 150 C. or even up to a temperature not exceeding the melting point of the lowest melting polymeric component of the fiber.
  • the invention is particularly directed to filaments and yarns (i.e., bundles of filaments) having deniers of the magnitude used in textiles. It is preferred that the filaments of this invention have a denier of 1 to (inclusive) and that the yarns of this invention have a denier of 30 to 8,000 (inclusive).
  • the filaments of this invention are of great utility in all types of textile applications.
  • the crimp reversibility of these filaments enables fabrics containing such filaments to have a high degree of fullness or covering power with unusual and pleasing handles.
  • the sensitivity of the crimp reversibility to difference in temperatures enables T0 the extent of working of filaments in a fabric (or the squirming) to be readily controlled to obtain the end result desired.
  • the filaments or" this invention also have a great advantage in that many of them are readily dyed with vat dyes so that, for example, union dyeing can be made of blends of these filaments with, for example, cotton and techniques such as pad steam dyeing of vat dyes can be easily used.
  • a composite filament crimpable from a straight state upon relaxation by shrinking comprised of at least two synthetic hydrophobic polymeric components, said components being eccentrically disposed towards each other in distinct zones with adjoining surfaces being in intimate adhering contact with each other, each of said components extending throughout the length of said filament, one of said components having a shrinkability greater than any of said other components, and one of said components having admixed therein an amount up to about 50% of its weight of a synthetic polymer having a water absorpticn of at least 6% and having a reversible length change after shrinkage evidenced by an increase in length greater than any of said other components when treated with a swelling agent with said component substantially returning to its original length upon removal of said swelling agent, said filament assuming a crimped stated upon relaxation by shrinking and exhibiting crimp reversibility characterized by squirming of said filament upon treatment with and upon removal of said swelling agent after said shrinking.
  • each of said components is comprised of an acrylonitrile polymer having at least combined acrylonitrile.
  • the filament of claim 3 wherein the Water absorbing polymer is poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
US799617A 1959-03-16 1959-03-16 Crimpable composite filament Expired - Lifetime US3038239A (en)

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NL249428D NL249428A (fi) 1959-03-16
US799617A US3038239A (en) 1959-03-16 1959-03-16 Crimpable composite filament
FR821535A FR1254068A (fr) 1959-03-16 1960-03-16 Filaments composites frisés formés de polymères hydrophobes présentant une réversibilité de la frisure par traitement à l'eau

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3216186A (en) * 1963-05-14 1965-11-09 Allied Chem Modified cross section yarn
US3249406A (en) * 1963-01-08 1966-05-03 Dow Corning Necked float zone processing of silicon rod
US3289249A (en) * 1962-11-24 1966-12-06 Asahi Chemical Ind Spinnerets
US3471605A (en) * 1965-04-14 1969-10-07 Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd Method for treating yarns having potential crimping property
US3472017A (en) * 1964-08-10 1969-10-14 Asahi Chemical Ind Specific filament yarns
US4309475A (en) * 1980-02-14 1982-01-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bicomponent acrylic fiber
US4324095A (en) * 1978-01-11 1982-04-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing slub yarns
WO2018044531A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2018-03-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Carbon-containing aramid bicomponent filament yarns
WO2018044532A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2018-03-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Carbon-containing modacrylic & aramid bicomponent filament yarns
US10954609B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2021-03-23 Dupont Safety & Construction, Inc. Yarn from polymers having different decomposition temperatures and process for forming same

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB514638A (en) * 1937-05-11 1939-11-14 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in the manufacture of artificial silk
US2428046A (en) * 1943-08-03 1947-09-30 Wayne A Sisson Artificial filaments
US2439815A (en) * 1945-04-03 1948-04-20 American Viscose Corp Composite thermoplastic fibers
US2509857A (en) * 1945-07-09 1950-05-30 Du Pont Compatibilized resin compositions
GB760179A (en) * 1954-07-30 1956-10-31 Paul Halbig Improvements in or relating to the production of composite crimped artificial fibres
US2882253A (en) * 1955-11-16 1959-04-14 Dow Chemical Co Method for stabilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone and compositions thereby obtained

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB514638A (en) * 1937-05-11 1939-11-14 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Improvements in the manufacture of artificial silk
US2428046A (en) * 1943-08-03 1947-09-30 Wayne A Sisson Artificial filaments
US2439815A (en) * 1945-04-03 1948-04-20 American Viscose Corp Composite thermoplastic fibers
US2509857A (en) * 1945-07-09 1950-05-30 Du Pont Compatibilized resin compositions
GB760179A (en) * 1954-07-30 1956-10-31 Paul Halbig Improvements in or relating to the production of composite crimped artificial fibres
US2882253A (en) * 1955-11-16 1959-04-14 Dow Chemical Co Method for stabilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone and compositions thereby obtained

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3289249A (en) * 1962-11-24 1966-12-06 Asahi Chemical Ind Spinnerets
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US10954609B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2021-03-23 Dupont Safety & Construction, Inc. Yarn from polymers having different decomposition temperatures and process for forming same
EP4397793A2 (en) 2015-07-29 2024-07-10 DuPont Safety & Construction, Inc. Yarn from polymers having different decomposition temperatures and process for forming same
WO2018044531A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2018-03-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Carbon-containing aramid bicomponent filament yarns
WO2018044532A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2018-03-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Carbon-containing modacrylic & aramid bicomponent filament yarns
US10590567B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2020-03-17 Dupont Safety & Construction, Inc. Carbon-containing modacrylic and aramid bicomponent filament yarns
US10982353B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2021-04-20 Dupont Safety & Construction, Inc. Carbon-containing aramid bicomponent filament yarns
EP3901337A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2021-10-27 DuPont Safety & Construction, Inc. Carbon-containing aramid bicomponent filament yarns
US12018407B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2024-06-25 Dupont Safety & Construction, Inc. Processes for forming carbon-containing aramid bicomponent filament yarns

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FR1254068A (fr) 1961-02-17

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