US3038049A - Relay - Google Patents

Relay Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3038049A
US3038049A US678279A US67827957A US3038049A US 3038049 A US3038049 A US 3038049A US 678279 A US678279 A US 678279A US 67827957 A US67827957 A US 67827957A US 3038049 A US3038049 A US 3038049A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat pump
heat
members
current
relay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US678279A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert W Fritts
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE570339D priority Critical patent/BE570339A/xx
Priority to NL107444D priority patent/NL107444C/xx
Priority to NL230540D priority patent/NL230540A/xx
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US678279A priority patent/US3038049A/en
Priority to GB25389/58A priority patent/GB870201A/en
Priority to DEM38638A priority patent/DE1139921B/de
Priority to CH6296658A priority patent/CH414862A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3038049A publication Critical patent/US3038049A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H43/00—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed
    • H01H43/30—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to thermal action
    • H01H43/301—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to thermal action based on the expansion or contraction of a material
    • H01H43/302—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to thermal action based on the expansion or contraction of a material of solid bodies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
    • G05D23/1921—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller using a thermal motor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/275—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing element expanding, contracting, or fusing in response to changes of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/46—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid
    • H01H37/48—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to expansion or contraction of a solid with extensible rigid rods or tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H43/00—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed
    • H01H43/30—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to thermal action
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01—Details
    • H01H61/013—Heating arrangements for operating relays

Definitions

  • a general object of the present invention is to provide an improved relay structure utilizing the operating principles of thermal motors and employing in a novel manner thermoelectric heat pump means.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide improved relay of the aforementioned character which can be operated either as a single-throw or as a double-throw type of switching means by virtue of the reversibility of the operation of the heat pump means in accordance with the polarity of the energizing current therefor.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved relay of the class described having an inherent time delay in the operation thereof, there being means provided for selectively adjusting the extent of said time delay.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved relay as aforedescribed which is operable on low values of electrical power by virtue of its ability to integrate power supplied thereto over an extended period of time.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved relay of the aforementioned character, the operation of which is Substantially unaffected by changes in the ambient temperature.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved relay of the class described which is substantially non-responsive to the impression of alternating current on the heat pump means thereof, but is responsive to the impression of direct current on said heat pump means, so that said relay is well adapted for use, for example, in monitoring alternating current circuits for response to the presence of any stray direct current components therein.
  • a more specific object of the invention is to provide an improved relay of the aforementioned character having temperature responsive means provided with thin boundary layers of relatively high electrical resistance in slidable surface contact with portions of the heat pump means,
  • a movable contact member having connection with said movable portions and movable in one direction in response to differential movement of said movable members in one sense, and in the opposite direction in response to differential movement of said movable portions in the opposite sense.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved relay of the class described which is characterized by highly efiicient operation, simplicity of cons-truction and economy of manufacture.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical sectional view of one form of relay constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, the electrical circuitry therefor being shown semi-diagrammatically;
  • FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view similar to FIGURE 1 and showing another form of relay constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the form of the improved relay illustrated therein is indicated by the reference numeral 5 and preferably comprises an hermetically sealed enclosure 6 having there'- within a base member '7 which is preferably made of material having low thermal and electrical conductivity.
  • a base member '7 which is preferably made of material having low thermal and electrical conductivity.
  • area pair of condition, i.e., temperature, responsive means 10 and 11 which, in the illustrated embodiment, take the form of upstanding metallic legs which are preferably parallel and are substantially identical.
  • the members 10 and 11 are preferably of metal having a high coeflicient of thermal expansion, for example aluminum.
  • the upper ends of the members 10 and 11 are bevelled to afford knife edges which are received in complementary grooves 12 and 13 formed in an L-shaped contact arm 14.
  • a resilient spring member 15 has one end anchored to the member 10, and its other end engages the contact arm 14 to hold the latter end in engagement with the members 10 and 11 as shown.
  • the contact arm 14 carries an insulated contact 16 and has an intermediate position as shown, wherein the contact 16 is spaced between a pair of fixed contacts 17 and 18 cooperable therewith.
  • the movable contact 16 may be connected to a conductor 19 which is also in circuit with a source, for example an alternating current source 20.
  • the fixed contacts 17 and 18 may be respectively connected to conductors 21 and 22 of circuits to be controlled, which circuits may include loads 23 and 24 which are also connected in circuit with the source 20 by means of a conductor 25.
  • thermoelectric heat pump means 26 interposed between the members 10 and 11 as shown, and it includes a plurality of N-type thermoelements 27 having a plurality of P-type thermoelements 28 alternated therewith, the adjacent thermoelements being separated by insulators 29 of low thermal and electrical conductivity.
  • the thermoelements 27 and 28 are connected in series circuit by means of metallic thermoj'unction members 30 of good thermal and electrical conductivity at the side thereof adjacent the member 10 and similar thermojunction members 31 at the side thereof adjacent the number 11. Terminal connections for the heat pump means 26 are provided by thermojunction members 3 2 and 33 which, in the illustrated embodiment, are at the side thereof adjacent the member 11.
  • the heat pump means 26, and more particularly thermojunction members 30 to 33 thereof, are electrically insulated from the members and 11, but are in good heat transfer relation therewith.
  • the numerals 34 and 35 indicate with exaggerated thickness relatively thin layers of material ha ing relatively high electrical resistivity.
  • the layers 34- and 35 may take the form of boundary layers formed by anodizing the aluminum members 10 and 11, such layers being of aluminum oxide which inherently has relatively high electrical resistivity. The thin character of said layers permits substantial heat transfer therethrough.
  • the heat pump means 26 may be connected in circuit with a source of direct current 36, illustrated schematically as a battery, by connection of the thermojunction member 33 with the conductor 37 and thermojunction member 32 with the conductor 38.
  • the conductors 37 and 38 may have a doublethrow reversing switch 39 interposed therein as shown, and a variable resistance 46 may be interposed in the conductor 38 for a purpose to be hereinafter described.
  • thermoelements 27 and 28 be of any suitable material which exhibits a nigh Peltier coefiicient, low thermal conductivity and low electrical resistivity. More specifically, the thermoelements 27 and 28 may be of the materials described in the copending application of Robert W. Fritts and Sebastian Karrer, Serial Number 512,436, filed June 1, 1956, now Patent No. 2,896,005 and assigned to the assignee of the present application.
  • Such materials are semi-metallic alloys or compositions which may be characterized as binary metallic compounds of slightly imperfect composition, i.e., containing beneficial impurities constituting departures from perfect stoichiometry by reason of an excess of one of the metals over the other and/or containing added beneficial impurity substances denominated hereinafter promoters.
  • Such semi-metallic compositions have semiconductor-like conductivity (both electrical and thermal as aforementioned).
  • Semi-metallic alloys or compositions also include mixtures of such binary metallic compounds, which may be denominated ternary metallic alloys or compositions. Certain of these alloys or compositions exhibit negative and certain exhibit positive electrical characteristics.
  • thermoelements for examplc the thermoelements 28, exhibit positive electrical characteristics and the other thermoelements, for example thermoelements 27, exhibit negative electrical characteristics.
  • current fiow through an element which exhibits positive electrical characteristics causes heat to be pumped in the direction of current flow therethrough, whereas current fiow through a thermoelement which exhibits negative electrical characteristics causes heat to be pumped in the direction opposite to the direction of current flow therethrough.
  • the temperatures of the members 10 and 11 will gradually equalize and return the arm M to its intermediate position shown. As the upper end portions of the members move longitudinally there is sliding contact between the boundary layers 34 and 35 and the engaged thermojunctiou members.
  • thermoelements 27 and 28 thermojunction members lltl to 33 and members 10 and 11.
  • the speed of response of the relay 5 is dependent upon the magnitude of current supplied to the heat pump means 26, and the amount of the aforementioned time delay can be varied by simply adjust ing the amount of resistance interposed in the conductor 38 by the variable resistance 40 to thereby vary the amount of current flowing through the heat pump means 26.
  • the negative thermoelements 27 may, for example, be formed of an alloy comprising lead and at least one member of the group of tellurium, selenium and sulphur.
  • a negative thermoelement of lead-selenium-tellurium composition could include a tellurium-selenium constituent in which the selenium is but a trace. In this case, such constituent should constitute from 35% to 38.05% by weight of the composition, the balance (61.95% to 65% by weight) being lead.
  • the tellurium-selenium constituent consists almost entirely of selenium with but a trace of tellurium, such constitutent should comprise from 25% to 27.55% by weight of the final composition, the remainder (from 72.45% to 75% by weight) being lead.
  • the selenium-tellurium constituent varies linearly with the ratio of selenium to tellurium (expressed in atomic percent) in the selenium-tellurium constitutent.
  • the negative thermoelements 27 may also be formed of an alloy of lead, selenium and sulphur.
  • a thermoelement of lead-selenium-sulphur composition could consist of a selenium sulphur constituent in which the sulphur is but a trace. In this case, such constituent should constitute from 25 to 27 .55 by weight of the composition, the balance (75% to 72.45% by weight) being lead.
  • the seleniumsulphur constituent consists almost entirely of sulphur with but a trace of selenium
  • such constituent should comprise from 12.8% to 13.37% by weight of the final composition, the remainder (from 87.2% to 86.63% by weight) being lead.
  • the selenium-sulphur constituent varies linearly with the ratio of selenium to sulphur (expressed in atomic percent) in the seleniumsulphur constituent.
  • the aforementioned compositions it will be observed that in each case there is an excess of lead over and above the amount thereof necessary for satisfying the stoichiometric proportions of the compound formed in the second constituent or constituents, i.e., the tellurium, selenium or sulphur.
  • a composition consisting substanially of lead and selenium can contain up to 10.4% lead by weight of the total composition over and above the 72.41% lead stoichiometrically necessary for combination with selenium.
  • the electrical characteristics of the aforementioned semi-metallic alloys can be markedly and advantageously altered in a reproducible manner by the addition thereto of controlled amounts of matter other than the constituents of the base composition.
  • Such compositions may also be denominated beneficial impurities as distinguished from undesirable impurities.
  • these additions are hereinafter designated promoters, since they tend to enhance the electrical characteristics desired for the particular application of the base compositions.
  • the proportions and ranges of the various constituents aforementioned and particularly the minimum limits of lead constituent in the compositions, must be regarded as critical if the composition is to have the electrical properties desired in thermoelectric heat pump elements. If the lead content is significantly less than the minimum amount indicatedfor any particular selenium-tellurium or selenium-sulphur proportion, the desirable values of Peltier and resistivity will not be afforded, and the significant electrical and mechanical properties will not be reproducible. On the other hand, if the lead content for any composition appreciably exceeds the aforementioned maximum limit, the resulting composition is too metallic in nature to afiord satisfactory electrical characteristics for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the positive thermoelements 28 may also be formed of an alloy of lead and tellurium in which there is an excess of tellurium over and above the amount thereof necessary for satisfying the stoichiometric proportions of the compound lead-telluride.
  • &1ch alloy or composition should consist essentially of lead and tellurium in which the lead is present in the range of 58.0% to 61.8% by weight and the balance in the range of 42.0% to 38.2% by weight tellurium. It will be observed that in this case there is an excess of tellurium over and above the amount thereof necessary for satisfying the stoichiometric proportions.
  • the tellurium rich base lead-tellurium compositions exhibit positive Peltier and positive conductivity.
  • the electrical characteristics of this compound desirable, for example in thermoelements for heat pump applications, can be markedly and advantageously altered in a reproducible manner by addition thereto of controlled amounts of matter other than the constituents of such base composition.
  • Such matter may also be denominated beneficial impurities as distinguished from undesirable impurities, and for convenience, such additions are also designated promoters, since they tend to enhance the electrical characteristics desired for the particular application of the base composition.
  • beneficial impurity up to a maximum of 5.5% by weight of beneficial impurity including 4.9% excess tellurium and 0.60% promoter for promoted compounds and a maximum of 6.7% by weight of beneficial impurity for unpromoted compositions.
  • the proportions and ranges of the constituents of the tellurium rich compositions aforementioned and particularly the minimum limits of tellurium in the compositions, must be regarded as critical if the composition is to have the electrical properties desired in thermoelectric heat pump elements. If the tellurium content is significantly less than the minimum amount indicated, the desired values of Peltier and resistivity will not be afforded and the significant electrical and mechanical properties will not be reproducible. On the other hand, if the tellurium content appreciably exceeds the aforementioned maximum limits, the resulting compositions will not afford satisfactory electrical characteristics for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the proportions and ranges of the compositions aforedcscribed considered to be critical, but so also is the purity. More specifically, the limit of tolerable metallic impurity in the final composition has been found to be on the order of 0.01%, and the composition must be substantially oxygen free, if the mechanical and electrical properties desired are to be maintained and are to be reproducible. In the case of promoted compositions, however, the limit of tolerable impurity is 0.001%.
  • the concept of the present invention includes the use of the relay 5 in applications other than that shown.
  • the heat pump means 26 is substantially unaffected by the flow of an alternating current therethrough, but is highly responsive to the flow therethrough of a direct current. This fact makes the relay 5 highly suited for use in monitoring of alternating current circuits, connections thereto being by the conductors 3-7 and 38 in place of to the source 36. In such an application, the contact arm 14- of the relay 5 would normally be in its intermediate position shown as long as no direct current component is present in the alternating current system being monitored.
  • the heat pump means 26 Upon occurrence in said circuit of a stray direct current component, however, the heat pump means 26 would im-' mediately respond by pumping heat from one of the members 10 and 11 to the other to thereby effect controlling movement of the contact arm 14 and engagement of the contact 16 with one of the contacts 17 and 18.
  • reversing switch 39 take the form of a thermostat, to afford control of the energization of load circuits 2.3 and 24 in accordance with the ambient temperature at such thermostat.
  • the improved relay 5 is highly efiicient, not only by reason of the efficiency of the heat pump means 26 in pumping large amounts of heat per unit of electrical energy expended, but also because of the novel structural arrangement whereby the effectiveness of the heat pump means 26 is substantially doubled by taking advantage of both the heat absorbing function and the heat emitting function thereof to extract heat from one of the members 10 and 11 and add said heat to the other member.
  • the reversibility of the operation of the heat pump means 26 in accordance with the polarity of the energizing current makes possible double-throw or polarized operation of the relay 5.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates fragmentarily another form of relay constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the relay 5 is in all respects substantially identical with the relay 5, except that in the relay 5' the members and 11', and the contact arm 14 are integral, the upper end of the arm 11' above the heat pump means 26 being angled toward the member 10 joined to the contact arm 14 adjacent the upper end of the member 10.
  • This type of construction omits the knife edge-V groove connections between the members 10, 11 and 14 of the relay 5 shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the operation is substantially identical, the relative displacement of the arm 14 being provided by the elastic properties of the metal used to form the unitary member comprising members 10, 11 and 14'.
  • a polarized control device comprising, Peltier type heat pump means operable when energized by current of one polarity to create a first temperature diiferential between portions thereof and when energized by current of a second polarity to create a second temperature differential between said portions, current source means connected in circuit with said heat pump means for energization thereof, temperature responsive first switch means operatively associated with said heat pump means and including a double-throw contact member having an intermediate position and movable therefrom in one direction to a first position in response to creation of said first temperature differential and in another direction to a second position in response to creation of said second differential in said heat pump means, and second switch means in circuit with said source and said heat pump and operable to selectively reverse the polarity of current supplied to said heat pump.
  • a variable time delay switch comprising, Peltier type heat pump means operable when energized by current of one polarity to create a first temperature differential between portions thereof and when energized by current of a second polarity to create a second temperature differential between said portions, current source means connected in circuit with said heat pump means for energization thereof, temperature responsive first switch means operatively associated with said heat pump means and having a contact member movable to a first position in response to creation of said first temperature differential and to a second position in response to creation of said second differential in said heat pump means, second switch means in circuit with said source and said heat pump and operable to selectively reverse the polarity of the current supplied to said heat pump, and means operatively associated with said heat pump means for adjustably varying the rate of response of said first switch means to energization of said heat pump means by current from said source means.
  • a variable time delay polarized switch comprising, Peltier type heat pump means operable when energized by current of one polarity to create a first temperature differential between portions thereof and when energized by current of a second polarity to create a second temperature differential between said portions, current source means connected in circuit with said heat pump means for energization thereof, temperature responsive first switch means operatively associated with said heat pump means and including a double-throw contact member having an intermediate position and movable therefrom in one direction to a first position in response to creation of said first temperature differential and in another direction to a second position in response to creation of said second differential in said heat pump means, second switch means in circuit with said source and said heat pump and operable to selectively reverse the polarity of current supplied to said heat pump, and means operatively associatedwith said heat pump means for adjustably varying the rate of response of said first switch means to energization of said heat pump means by current from said source means.
  • An actuator comprising first and second metallic temperature responsive means each having a portion movable in one direction in response to a temperature change in a given sense and in the opposite direction in response to a temperature change in the opposite sense, said movable portions each having integral relatively thin high electrical resistance boundary layers, and electrorespom sive Peltier heat pump means having thermojunction portions directly engaging the boundary layers of said said first and second temperature responsive means in heat transfer relation for varying the temperature to which said means are responsive, means to be actuated, and actuating connection means between said means to be actuated and said movable portions to effect actuation of said means to be actuated by simultaneous movement of said movable portions, the relatively high resistance of said boundary layers eifectively preventing substantial current flow therethrough, whereas the relatively thin character of said layers permits substantial heat fiow therethrough,
  • thermoelectric heat pump comprising thermoelement means having oppositely facing opposite end surfaces, and thermojunction members joined to said end surfaces to form heat absorbing and heat emitting thermojunctions respectively at the opposite ends of said thermoelement means, said thermoelement means afiording substantially straight line current flow path means between the heat absorbing and heat emitting thermojunction members joined thereto, said heat pump being interposed physically between elongated side wall portions of said first and second elongated members with said heat absorbing thermojunctions in juxtaposition and heat transfer relation with said side Wall portion of said first member and said heat emitting thermojunctions in juxtaposition and heat transfer relation with said side wall portion of said second member, said heat pump tending when energized to transfer heat energy from said first member to said second member to effect simultaneous thermoelectric cooling of said first and thermo electric heating of said second member and to thereby effect simultaneous short
  • thermoelectric heat pump comprising thermoelement means having oppositely facing opposite end surfaces, and thermojunction members joined to said end surfaces to form heat absorbing and heat emitting thermojunctions respectively at the opposite ends of said tbermoelement means, said thermoelement means affording substantially straight line current flow path means between the heat absorbing and heat emitting thermojunction member joined thereto, said heat pump being interposed physically between said first and second actuating means with said heat absorbing thermojunctions in juxtaposition and heat transfer relation with said first actuating means and said heat emitting thermojunctions in juxtaposition and heat transfer relation with said second actuating means, said heat pump tending when energized by current of one polarity to transfer heat energy from said first actuating means to said second actuating means to effect simultaneous thermoelectric cooling of said first and thermoelectric heating of said
  • said first and second temperature responsive actuating means each comprises an elongated member of thermally expansible and contractible material, said members being fixedly connected to each other at one end and each having a movable opposite end portion cooperable with said actuating connection.
  • thermoelectric heat pump comprising a plurality of generally parallel thermoelements having oppositely facing opposite end surfaces, and thermojunction members joined to said end surfaces to form heat absorbing and heat emitting thermojunetions respectively at corresponding opposite ends of said thermoelements, said thermoelements each atfording a substantially straight line current flow path therethrough between the heat absorbing and heat emitting thermojunction members joined thereto, said heat pump being interposed physically between elongated side wall portions of said first and second elongated members with said heat absorbing thermojunctions in juxtaposition and heat transfer relation with said side wall portion of said first elongated member and said heat emitting thermojunctions in juxtaposition and heat

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
US678279A 1957-08-15 1957-08-15 Relay Expired - Lifetime US3038049A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE570339D BE570339A (en, 2012) 1957-08-15
NL107444D NL107444C (en, 2012) 1957-08-15
NL230540D NL230540A (en, 2012) 1957-08-15
US678279A US3038049A (en) 1957-08-15 1957-08-15 Relay
GB25389/58A GB870201A (en) 1957-08-15 1958-08-07 Improvements in or relating to relays
DEM38638A DE1139921B (de) 1957-08-15 1958-08-14 Elektrothermische Betaetigungsvorrichtung
CH6296658A CH414862A (de) 1957-08-15 1958-08-15 Elektrothermische Betätigungsvorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US678279A US3038049A (en) 1957-08-15 1957-08-15 Relay

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3038049A true US3038049A (en) 1962-06-05

Family

ID=24722156

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US678279A Expired - Lifetime US3038049A (en) 1957-08-15 1957-08-15 Relay

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3038049A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE570339A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH414862A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1139921B (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB870201A (en, 2012)
NL (2) NL230540A (en, 2012)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3136577A (en) * 1961-08-02 1964-06-09 Stevenson P Clark Seat temperature regulator
US3231965A (en) * 1961-08-30 1966-02-01 Gen Dynamics Corp Method of forming an insulating bond
US3256411A (en) * 1964-02-17 1966-06-14 William F Mahrdt Time delay relay
US3259763A (en) * 1962-12-04 1966-07-05 Texas Instruments Inc Thermally responsive control means
US3453088A (en) * 1965-06-14 1969-07-01 Akad Wissenschaften Ddr Traversing a molten zone in a crystalline bar by direct current reversal
DE3336305A1 (de) * 1983-10-06 1985-05-02 Barlian, Reinhold, Dipl.-Ing.(FH), 6990 Bad Mergentheim Schalter
DE3500260A1 (de) * 1983-10-06 1986-04-10 Barlian, Reinhold, Dipl.-Ing.(FH), 6990 Bad Mergentheim Schalter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4038627A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-07-26 Johnson Brant T Electro-thermal isolating switch
US4339741A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-07-13 Ray William A Thermally actuated time delay switch

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US450985A (en) * 1891-04-21 Electric-current regulator
US954682A (en) * 1908-04-21 1910-04-12 Abbot A Low Electrothermal means for producing mechanical movement.
GB150109A (en) * 1919-06-13 1920-09-02 Richard Philip Myers Improvements in electric switches
US1886439A (en) * 1931-04-24 1932-11-08 Honeywell Regulator Co Control system
US2004421A (en) * 1930-10-04 1935-06-11 Anderson Co Indicating apparatus
US2388564A (en) * 1943-11-22 1945-11-06 Mcgraw Electric Co Thermal retarder switch unit
US2660030A (en) * 1951-07-21 1953-11-24 Gerard R Santos Power generator
US2749716A (en) * 1954-11-19 1956-06-12 Rca Corp Refrigeration
US2777975A (en) * 1954-07-03 1957-01-15 Csf Cooling device for semi-conducting elements
US2886618A (en) * 1953-11-20 1959-05-12 Gen Electric Co Ltd Thermoelectric devices

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE242155C (en, 2012) *
DE281459C (en, 2012) * 1912-04-03

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US450985A (en) * 1891-04-21 Electric-current regulator
US954682A (en) * 1908-04-21 1910-04-12 Abbot A Low Electrothermal means for producing mechanical movement.
GB150109A (en) * 1919-06-13 1920-09-02 Richard Philip Myers Improvements in electric switches
US2004421A (en) * 1930-10-04 1935-06-11 Anderson Co Indicating apparatus
US1886439A (en) * 1931-04-24 1932-11-08 Honeywell Regulator Co Control system
US2388564A (en) * 1943-11-22 1945-11-06 Mcgraw Electric Co Thermal retarder switch unit
US2660030A (en) * 1951-07-21 1953-11-24 Gerard R Santos Power generator
US2886618A (en) * 1953-11-20 1959-05-12 Gen Electric Co Ltd Thermoelectric devices
US2777975A (en) * 1954-07-03 1957-01-15 Csf Cooling device for semi-conducting elements
US2749716A (en) * 1954-11-19 1956-06-12 Rca Corp Refrigeration

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3136577A (en) * 1961-08-02 1964-06-09 Stevenson P Clark Seat temperature regulator
US3231965A (en) * 1961-08-30 1966-02-01 Gen Dynamics Corp Method of forming an insulating bond
US3259763A (en) * 1962-12-04 1966-07-05 Texas Instruments Inc Thermally responsive control means
US3256411A (en) * 1964-02-17 1966-06-14 William F Mahrdt Time delay relay
US3453088A (en) * 1965-06-14 1969-07-01 Akad Wissenschaften Ddr Traversing a molten zone in a crystalline bar by direct current reversal
DE3336305A1 (de) * 1983-10-06 1985-05-02 Barlian, Reinhold, Dipl.-Ing.(FH), 6990 Bad Mergentheim Schalter
DE3500260A1 (de) * 1983-10-06 1986-04-10 Barlian, Reinhold, Dipl.-Ing.(FH), 6990 Bad Mergentheim Schalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL107444C (en, 2012) 1900-01-01
DE1139921B (de) 1962-11-22
CH414862A (de) 1966-06-15
NL230540A (en, 2012) 1900-01-01
GB870201A (en) 1961-06-14
BE570339A (en, 2012) 1900-01-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2989281A (en) Operator for valves or the like
US2685608A (en) Thermoelement, particularly for the electrothermic production of cold
US2944404A (en) Thermoelectric dehumidifying apparatus
US3038049A (en) Relay
Mott Charge transport in non-crystalline semiconductors
US2762857A (en) Thermoelectric materials and elements utilizing them
US3534306A (en) Solid state temperature sensor
US3588638A (en) Current controlling device including v02
US3070644A (en) Thermoelectric generator with encapsulated arms
US3962692A (en) Solid state temperature responsive switch
US3157801A (en) Cooling means for thermostats
US2951105A (en) Thermoelectric compositions and elements and devices using them
US2243563A (en) Control device
Stadler et al. Temperature dependence of 180 domain wall velocity in BaTiO3
US3259763A (en) Thermally responsive control means
US2906801A (en) Thermoelectric generator
US2952724A (en) Constant energy source
US3146378A (en) Thermal relays
US2833893A (en) Thermostatic switch
US3271584A (en) Resistance switches and the like
US3108166A (en) Thermal timing apparatus
US2489391A (en) Thermally controlled electric relay
US2915724A (en) Electrical device
US2602129A (en) Thermostat with frictional snap action
US3083319A (en) Temperature responsive system