US3037658A

US3037658A - Shipping package

Info

Publication number: US3037658A
Application number: US861641A
Authority: US
Inventors: Walter H Schray; Russell H Randolph
Original assignee: United Steel and Wire Co
Current assignee: United Steel and Wire Co
Priority date: 1959-12-23
Filing date: 1959-12-23
Publication date: 1962-06-05
Anticipated expiration: 1979-06-05

Description

June 5, 1962 w. H. scHRAY E'l' AL 3,037,658

SHIPPING PACKAGE 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 23, 1959 /ZfQ//l/ 'l/l/ INVENTORS I svxiammaew'* BY W l MJ h). M

ATTORNEYS.

Il; n.; 9

' ily l' June 5, 1962 w. H. scHRAY ETAL 3,037,658

SHIPPING PACKAGE 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 23, 1959 wm s @mw/w. n ms ym HH. O wus WU NEE A SU June 5, 1962 w. H. scHRAY l-:TAL 3,037,658

4SHIPPING PACKAGE Filed Deo. 23, 1959 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG. 4.

uNvENToRs N RUSSELL H. RANDOLPH WALTER H. scHRAv BY u JLM/dw AT TORNEYS June 5, 1962 W. H. SCHRAY ET AL SHIPPING PACKAGE 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec. 25, 1959 H D. mv DA mmm. OAC FN.. moms. R WHH. um mum A ET m uw .,6 R Y 5 B l@ l7 5 w. H. scHRAY ETAL l 3,037,658

SHIPPING PACKAGE e sneetssheet 5 June 5, 1962 Filed Dec. 25, 1959 ERI-Ils lll INVENToRs RUSSELL H. RANDOLPH wALTl-:R Ht.. scHRAv BY im g/ ATTORNEYS.

w. H. SCHRAY ET AL 3,037,658

SHIPPING PACKAGE June 5, 1962 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Deo. 23, 1959 INVENTORS RUSS H. RA WALT SCHRAY elf" NnoLPl-l H.

MJ 5M ATTORNEYS.

This invention relates to shipping packages, more particularly to packaging means facilitating the shipment of bottled merchandise from the bottling plant to the distribution outlet, and from the distribution outlet to the consumer. The novel package here provided permits removal of individual bottles from the package, removal of a plurality of bottles as a group, and further implements the stacking of a plurality of groups of bottles into a floor or counter display.

Notwithstanding the advent of cans, a variety of merchandise is still distributed in glass containers to fullill consumer demand. These glass containers present certain handling diiculties because of the frangible nature of the glass, so that any shipping packages or recepta cles evolved for use in the shipment of these glass contrainers must maintain the bottles in a relatively isolated condition since surface contact between bottles tends to promote breakage. Additionally it is desirable that any portions of the packaging coming into contact with the bottle surface have a resilient quality to provide a cushioning effect. As in the case of all packaging, the structure should be of a simple, readily maintainable nature, having minimal weight.

With these considerations in mind, compartmentalized wooden cases have been developed in which the bottles are retained in relative' isolation 'one from the other, but readily accessible for removal. Diiculties are, however, encountered in the use of these wooden cases due to the fact that the cases must be cleaned at periodic intervals. This cleaning is eifected by subjecting the cases to a sterilizing bath which generally saturates the wood resulting in unsightly appearance and relatively rapid deterioration of the case.

Among merchandise for which there isstill a consumer demand in bottles are bever-ages such as soft drinks. In the distribution of bottled beverages, it has been found that packaging of six bottles in a container serves to increase the rate at which `the merchandise is purchased by the consumer in the stores. Thus whereas the average shopper may purchase one or two bottles of a beverage where these are presented individually, the presentation of `a so called six pack results in a sale of six bottles which can readily be carried by the purchaser. To this end a cardboard six pack carrier has been developed. The case in which the cardboard six bottle carriers are shipped from the bottler to the distribution point is conventionally fabricated of wood land is designed to carry four of these six pack units. The dimensions of this siX pack case are the same as those of the yconventional 24 compartment case generally used in distributing individual bottles to the consumer so that a case containing four six packs and a oase containing 24 individual bottles may be readily stacked in the same shipment. g

The aforementioned difficulties present in the cleaning of the wooden cases are further increased when cardboard six pack carriers are employed since the cardboard carrier is wetted by the moisture in the wooden case and often disintegrates during shipment. Additionally the conventional paperboard six pack is often found to retain dirt and vermin in its crevices, and though the siX pack container generally serves to increase sales of the bottled beverages, consumers may not desire six bottles of the beverage in which case they either forgo the purice chase, or tear the six pack carrier to remove fewer than six bottles. Other problems arise in attempting to stack conventional six pack carriers to form a merchandise display since the bottom of the carrier is relatively small in area resulting in a lack of stability.

It is with the above problems and desiderata in mind that the present means have been evolved, means providing a bottle case structure formed of a sturdy material not subject -to deterioration by conventional cleaning and sterilizing processes; light in weight so as to minimize loads; having no contaminable crevices; readily stackable into a merchandise display; and1 functioning to permit the consumer to remove as many individual bottles as desired, or to remove groupings of a plurality of these bottles in a carrier which will function to permit the consumer to carry the selected grouping.

It is accordingly a primary object of this invention to provide a novel combined bottle carrier and case.

Another important object of the invention is to provide a bottle package securely maintaining a plurality of bottles which may be removed individually or in groups; and which provides a carrier for the bottles when they lare removed in groups,

An additional object of this invention is to provide a bottle carrying case in which a plurality of bottles may be maintained without surface contact therebetween.

, A further object of the invention is -to provide an improved bottle carrier of a sturdy relatively indestructible rigid nature, of light weight, and having no dirt accumulating crevices.

A further object of this invention is to provide a bottle carrying case formed of a material other than Wood which is compatible (i.e. subject to being handled by the Same type of equipment and intermingled `for stacking) with conventional wooden cases.

It is also an object of the invention to provide nove means `for forming cases of wire, `compatible with similar cases of wood.

A further object oi' the invention is to provide a novel bottle carrier which may readilyl be stacked with a plurality of similar loaded carriers.

Another object is to provide a carrier for a group of a plurality of bottles which may be stacked securely over Ia similar group of bottles.

Another object of the invention is to provide a bottle carrier which may be re-used.

An `additional object of the invention is to provide a bottle case and carrier in which the carrier may be selectively combined with the case so that the combined structure may be utilized to implement the distribution of individual bottles, or groups of bottles as contained in the carrier.

These and other objects of the invention which will become hereafter more .apparent are achieved by the provision of a bottle case formed of wire. The novel case is fabricated from a plurality of crossed relatively thin gauge wires to form an outer case. Bottle carriers designed for removable insertion in this wire case are Similarly formed of wire. The carriers are compartmentalized to hold a plurality of bottles, and the case is compartmentalized to hold a plurality of carriers. The carrier is then removably secured in the case so that individual bottles may be removed from the carrier, or the carrier may be removed from the case with a plurality of bottles facilitating shopping and the formation of merchandise displays.

An important feature of the invention resides in the provision of connecting means between the carrier and the case so as to provide for secure maintenance of the carrier in the case during shipment, or filling of the case with bottles, and at the same time permitting ready removal of the carrier if desired.

spaanse Another feature of the invention resides in the wire construction of the case which though fabricated of lighter and thinner materials than the conventlonal wooden case is readily intermingled and stacked with presently employed wooden cases, and subject to being handled by the same equipment as that used for existing cases.

A further feature of the invention resides .1n the dimples and wire of the carrier arranged to resiliently support the bottles in an isolated condition.

It is also a feature of the invention that the case though having maximum utility in combination with the novel bottle carrier may be utilized with a variety' of other types of carriers or may be utilized Without carrlers as a stacking case.

The invention will be particularly pointed out in clear, concise and exact terms in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; wherein:

FIG. l is a perspective view of the novel case contaming four carriers;

FIG. 2 is a perspective View of the carrier utilized 1n the combination illustrated in FIG. l;

FIG. 3 is a bottom plan View looking up at the bottom of the carrier illustrated in FIG. 2, and showing the details of the engaging clips;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view looking down at the top of the case;

FIG. 5 is .a cross sectional view taken on line 5 5 of FIG. l illustrating how the carrier is removably engaged in the case;

FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view on line 6 6 of FIG.5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view with parts broken away of a novel package showing a modied interlock between carrier and case;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of .a modified carrier suitable for use in combination with the novel case;

FiG. 9 is an end elevational view of the carrier of FIG. 8; and

FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of the carrier of FIG. 8.

Referring now to the drawings, like numerals in the various figures are employed to designate like parts. The novel case 1) is of a rectangular configuration.

As best seen in FIGS. l and 4, case 10 is formed with a bottom wall 1 1 comprising a plurality of spaced parallel longitudinally extending wires 12 crossed by a plurality of similar gauge laterally extending wires 13. The spacing between longitudinal wires 12 may be selected of any desired dimension. In the illustrated embodiment this spacing is such as to form tracks for the skate wheels of a roller skate conveyor. Presently employed roller conveyors require a spacing of 2li/32 between wires. Other spacings may however be employed. The wires are rigidly secured to each other at their point of crossing by any suitable fastening means such as welding or the like. The ends of longitudinal wires 12 .are bent upwardly at right angles and snipped olf to form bottom ears 14 as seen to the left in FIG. 1, for a purpose to be madeV hereinafter more apparent. The laterally extending wires 13 which are arranged to lie over the top of the longitudinally extending wires are spaced apart at a distance greater than the spacing between wires 12, and are extended upwardly in a vertical plane to form vertical wires i5 of sides 16 of the case 10. Horizontal wires 17 are then extended perpendicular to the vertical wires l5 and arranged to lie thereacross. At the point of crossing, a secure joint is formed between the vertical and horizontal wires by welding or the like. The ends of horizontal wires 17 are bent inwardly at right angles to form side ears 18.

Extending longitudinally along the edge of bottom 11 are anti-lateral shift wires i9 as best seen in FIG. 5. These wires 19 are of a thicker gauge than the Wires forming the bottom 11 so that they extend slightly beneath bottom 11 for a purpose to become hereinafter more apparent. Anti-longitudinal shift wires 20 extend along at least a part of the longitudinal extremities of bottom 11 and in the illustrated embodiment of the invention are formed of the same gauge `as lateral wires I3. However, they are positioned beneath longitudinal wires 12 so as to extend beneath the surface of bottom il.

End plates 2l are formed of a sheet material such as steel or the like and are provided with a peripheral ange 22, recessed center part 23, a welding emboss 24 and a tinger aperture 25 arranged in the recessed center part 23. A linger flange 26 is arranged about finger aperture 25. End plates 21 are secured one .at each end to the bottom and side wall structure previously described. This is accomplished by fastening the ears 14 and 1S respectively to the welding einboss 24 by welding or the like.

In connection with the type of case illustrated in the drawings, compartmentalization of the case is provided by means of top longitudinally extending separator 30 and top laterally extending separator 31, of which there are two. The ends of the longitudinally extending separators 30 are suitably secured to the peripheral ange 22 of end plates 2l, and the ends of separators 31 are secured to the uppermost horizontal wire 17 of sides 16 in any suitable fashion by welding or the like.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 6, retaining means in the form of an engaging bar 35 is secured to the top part of bottom 1l. The engaging bar as best seen in FiG. 6 is formed in the shape of a vertically extending plate having rounded ends 36. The bar is secured to laterally extending wires 13 of the bottom li. in any suitable fashion as by welding or the like. In the drawings, four engaging bars 3S are shown located in the case l@ along a line lying through the center plane of the carriers 4i? in conjunction with which the case is employed.

The carrier 40, as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, is formed with a bottom wall 41 comprising a plurality of parallel spaced longitudinal wires 42 `extending beneath lateral wires 43|. The longitudinal wires have a length equal to the length of the carrier, and are secured to the lateral wires 43 at their point of crossing by welding or the like. The lateral wires are formed with three dimples. Two minor dimples 44 are arranged on each side of a major `dimple 4S. Extending longitudinally along the apex of the major dimples 4S and secured thereto is a separator rod 46 which lies in a longitudinal axial plane of the carrier 40.

The lateral wires 43 employed in the formation of the bottom Wall 11 of carrier 4t) are arranged to extend one on each side of each laterally extending row of bottles for which the carrier is designed, and the longitudinal wires 42 are arranged to provide maximum bottom support for each longitudinal row of bottles for which the carrier is designed. Thus in connection with a carrier designed to carry six bottles as illustrated, four lateral wires 43, one on each side of the three laterally extending rows, will be employed and two longitudinal wires 42, two beneath each longitudinal row.

The side walls 47 of carrier 4t) are formed in the preferred `embodiment as vertical extensions of lateral wires 43. Thus as illustrated, there 'are four vertically extending wires 48 which are maintained in a spaced parallel relationship by means of horizontal wires 49 extending thereacross. Two horizontal wires are employed, an upper horizontal wire and a lower horizontal wire which as will become apparent serve to retain any bottles in the carrier. An upper wall 50 is formed by extending vertical wires 48 substantially horizontally to form upper wall separators 51. Upper wall longitudinal wires 52 extend across separators 51 and are secured thereto, one longitudinal wire S2 on each side of a medial longitudinally extending vertical plane through carrier 40. A handle structure 55 is formed by extending the end separator v pressed therebetween.

Wires 51 upwardly into the shape illustrated and joining these extensions to form a rigid structure.

Retaining means in the form of C-shaped clips S6 as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 are -arranged beneath bottom wall 41 of carrier 4t)` to permit removable securement of the carrier 40 in case 10. These clips 56 are formed with a spring part 57 and support part 58. Support part 58 is secured by welding, or the like, to longitudinal Wires 42 at points shown with a welding iillet. The spring part 57 is supported only by support part 58, and the spacing between the spring parts 57 of the two clips 56 provided on each carrier is such that engaging bar 3S may be The length of spring part 57v is such that the tops of -two bottles beneath the carrier may be embraced between the arcuate parts of the C so that stacking will be implemented.

In the FIG. 7 embodiment of the invention, modiiied retaining means have been employed for removably securing the carrier in the case. A dimpled clip 65 is arranged in the case adjacent the corners of the case compartments so as to permit the clip to engage lower horizontal Wire 49 .of side walls 47 causing engagement of the carrier in the case. This arrangement provides for a relatively smooth bottom surface within case so that cardboard six packs not having a central line of cleavage may be supported in the case if desired.

The embodiment of the carrier 80 illustrated in FIGS. 8-10 is formed with a bottom Wall 81 similar to previously described bottom wall 41 save that minor dimples 44 may be eliminated. Side walls 87 are identical to walls 47, and upper wall 90 is like upper wall 50.

To insure compartmentalization of the carrier, handle 91 is formed with an S-shaped `downward extension 92 at each end. These S-shaped extensions are arranged in a medial vertical plane separating the longitudinal compartments of the carrier. The left hand S-shaped extension 92 as viewed in FIG. l0 is clipped off and joined to a vertical `leg of the right hand extension. The bottom of the right hand extension and the lower reverse bends are suitably secured by welding or the like to separator rod 96 lying along the apex of the dirnple in bottom wall 81. It will be observed ythat a vertical leg 93 of extensions 92 lies substantially along the center of the sides of each compartment of the case, and spring action is provided by the inclined leg portion 94 and bent top portion 95 of the extensions 92.

A downward curved separator piece 100i is extended from each separator wire forming the upper wall 90. Each separator piece has a portion lying in the center of the side of the compartment. The lower end of each separator piece 100 is secured to the lateral wires of the bottom wall 81, and the top of each separator piece 100 is secured to the bent top portions 95 at the center of extensions 92, and at the top of inclined leg portion 94.

C-shaped spring clips 56 as disclosed in connection with the FIG. 1 6 embodiment are shown employed in the bottom of carrier 80. The dimpled clip 65 of the FIG. 7 structure may alternatively be utilized.

A plate 105 may be secured to the sidewalls of the case as shown on the far side of FIG. 8 for containing ad copy or the like indicia.

Operation The aforedescribed case 10 and carrier 4t! or 80 may be utilized in the distribution of bottles and serves to maintain a plurality of individual bottles in a relatively secure isolated condition with no glass to glass contact between bottles. Individual bottles may be removed from the case, or a plurality of bottles may be removed with a carrier and the carrier readily stacked on other loaded carriers to form a display.

It will be observed that a compartment is provided for each bottle with no surface contact between bottles. The portions of the novel packaging which contact the bottles are formed of a spring like resilient material which serve to separate the bottles from each other and cushion sameA minimizing the transmission of forces to the bottle from the case as normally occurs during shipment. Thus lateral shifting of the bottles in carrier 40* is cushioned by means of dimples 44, horizontal wires 49* and separators 51; and in carrier 80 extensions 92 and separator piece 100 cushion the bottles in each compartment.

In use, the conventional case designed to accommodate Z4 bottles is provided with four six pack carriers formed as illustrated in the drawings, the carriers are removably secured into the case in the FIG. 1-6, and 8-10 embodiments by engaging spring clips 56 against engaging bar 35 so that spring part 57 of clip 56 rides over ends 36 of engaging bar 35; and in the FIG. 7 structure by causing clip 15 to engage the case sidewall. The case and carrier are then put through the bottling machinery which deposits a bottle in each compartment of the carrier. vIt will be noted that the spacing between longitudinal wires 12 is such that the case may readily be handled on the conventional roller skate conveyor and in fact implements travel over these conveyors since the -wires -12 form tracks. Thereafter the iilled case and carrier are shipped to the point 'of distribution, such as a supermarket or the like.

At the market, different merchandising `displays are employed. Generally a stack is formed to provide a display. This stack is most readily -formed with the instant packaging by removing the carriers from the case and arnanging them one above the other. The C shaped spring at the bottom of the carrier gri-ps the tops of two lower bottles to provide for a relatively rigid stack. The stack may be `formed either by superposing the carriers with the bottles in parallel rows or `an interlocked stack may be formed by cross stacking. It is yalso apparent that in the absence of stacked merchandise displays, the customer may either select a carrier containing six bottles, and remove same from the case by gripping handle 55 and pulling upwardly to release same from the case, or individual bottles may be removed depending on the needs or the consumer.

In connection with the FIG. 6 embodiment of the invention, removable securement of the carrier in the case is accomplished by causing clip 65 to ride over the lower horizontal sidewall wire `49.

It is thus seen that novel bottle packaging means have been provided which provide and improve the functions off a six pack carrier or a 24 lbottle case. The deterioration and dirt accumulation encountered with conventional structures formed of wood `and cardboard is eliminated and the benefits `of strength and light weight derived from the utilization of wire are provided. Thus a light weight, readily cleanable readily stackable structure results having a substantially longer `life than previously available, increasing the cushioning eilect desired in the shipment of rangible merchandise, and at the same time utilizable in conjunction with presently employed bottling equipment or bottle carriers.

The above disclosure has been `given by way of illustration and elucidation, and not by way of limitation, yand it is desired tol protect all embodiments of the herein disclosed inventive concept within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. Shipping package means lfor bottles and the like frangible articles, said package means comprising: carrier means retaining a plurality of the articles to `be shipped; case means within which ya plurality of said carrier means may be positioned; separator means forming part of said case means and deining a plurality or compartments within which said `carrier means may be maintained in isolation; and retaining means between said case means and said carrier means permitting detachable securement of said carrier means within said case means, whereby a plurality of articles may be simultaneously removed from the case means by removal of said carrier means along with the articles retained therein, or individual articles may be selectively removed from their position within the carrier means.

2. A shipping yand transporting package for bottles including in combination a supporting framework cornprising: a wire carrier having a plurality of bottle reeiving cells therein; ya case comprising rigid bottom, side, and end walls enclosing said carrier; and a retaining member extending between said case and said carrier for removable securement of said carrier within said case, said retaining means comprising: a spring on the bottom of said carrier; and an engaging bar adapted for engagement by said spring on the bottom of said case.

3. A shipping and transporting package for bottles including in combination a supporting framework comprising: a wire carrier having a plurality of bottle receiving cells therein; a case comprising rigid bottom, side, and end walls enclosing said carrier; and a retaining member extending between said case and said carrier for removable securement of said carrier within said case, said retaining means comprising: ta clip upstanding lfrom the bottom wall of said case adapted for engagement with the side walls of said carrier.

4. A shipping package for bottles and the like frangible articles, said package comprising: a compartmentalized carrier formed of crossed wires; a wire handle on said carrier, `a compartmentalized case formed to receive a plurality of said carriers one in each compartment of said case; an engaging bar formed within said case; and `an engaging clip on said carrier detachably gripping said engaging bar to permit removable positioning of said carrier within said case, whereby the package may be utilized for the shipment of a plurality of individual bottles, or -a plurality of groups of bottles as retained in said carrier.

5. A shipping package for bottles and the like frangible articles, said package comprising: a compartmentalized carrier formed of crossed wires; a wire handle on said carrier; a lower horizontally extending wire `forming part of the side walls of said carrier; a compartmentalized case formed to receive a plurality of said carriers one in each compartment of said case; a retaining clip secured within the case at least one in each compartment along an edge thereof to engage said lower horizontal wire to permit removable positioning of said carrier within said case, whereby the package may be utilized for the shipment of a plurality of individual bottles or a plurality of groups of bottles as retained in said carrier.

6. A shipping package for bottles and the like frangible articlesfsaid package comprising: a carrier having a bottom wall formed by a plurality of crossing transversely and longitudinally extending wires; dimples in said laterally extending wires deiining the bounds of a plurality of compartments within said carrier and separating the bottles in a longitudinally extending row one from the other; a separator rod extending longitudinally between laterally extending rows of articles; side walls upstanding from the edges of said bottom wall, said side walls formed by a plurality of crossing vertically extending and horizontally extending wires, the vertically extending wires being extensions of the aforemetnioned transversely extending wires of said bottom wall; an upper wall formed by a plurality of separator wires, each being an extension of the vertically extending wire of said side wall `and extending between the compartments defined by sai-d dimples; handle means on said carrier implementing .the handling thereof; a case for carrying a plurality of carriers; a bottom wall formed by crossed longitudinal and lateral wires on said case; anti-shift wires arranged to extend between the lowermost surface of said bottom wall adjacent its bounds; sides upstanding from the edges of said bottom wall, said sides `formed by cross vertically extending and horizontally extending wires; plates secured to the extremities of said horizontally extending and longitudinally extending wires; and separator wires extending across the top of said case to form a plurality of compartments of a size to accommodate said carriers, whereby a plurality of articles may be maintained in isolation for removal individually `or as groups in said carrier.

7. A bottle carrier case for carrying a plurality of groups of bottles, said case comprising: a bottom wall formed by crossed longitudinal and lateral Wires; antishift wires arranged to extend beneath the lowermost surface of said bottom wall adjacent its bounds; sides upstanding from the edges of said bottom Wall, said sides formed by crossed vertically extending and horizontally extending wires; end plates secured to the extremities of said horizontally extending and longitudinally extending wires respectively; separator wires extending across the top of said case to form a plurality of compartments of a size to accommodate carriers for a plurality of bottles retained in a unitary group; and retaining means in said case for detachably gripping any carrier positioned therein.

8. A bottle carrier comprising: a bottom wall formed by a plurality of crossing transversely and longitudinally extending wires, some of said wires formed with dimples serving to define the bounds of a plurality of compartments within said carrier; side walls upstanding from the edges of said bottom wall; an upper Wall formed by a plurality of separators extending between the compartments delined by said dimples; and handle means on said carrier implementing the handling thereof.

9. A carrier as in claim 8 in which C-shaped clips are formed on said bottom wall, the distance between the arcuate portions of the clips being such as to embrace the tops of two bottles positioned beneath the carrier, whereby stacking will be implemented.

10. A bottle carrier comprising: a bottom wall formed by a plurality of crossing transversely and longitudinally extending wires; side walls upstanding from the edges of said bottom wall; an upper Wall formed by a plurality of separator wires extending between the desired compartments in said carrier; a separator piece downwardly extending from each top wall separato-r wire between the compartments defined by said separator wires; a handle membel secured to said carrier; and downwardly extending S-shaped extensions on said handle, said extensions arranged in a vertical plane between the compartments of said carrier.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 541,397 Swartwout June 18, 1895 873,086 Repetto Dec. 10, 1907 2,025,769 yODell Dec. 31, 1935 2,467,696 Powell Apr. 19, 1949 2,718,325 Dales Sept. 20, 1955