US3034489A - Combustion chambers for pistons - Google Patents

Combustion chambers for pistons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3034489A
US3034489A US74651A US7465160A US3034489A US 3034489 A US3034489 A US 3034489A US 74651 A US74651 A US 74651A US 7465160 A US7465160 A US 7465160A US 3034489 A US3034489 A US 3034489A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
chamber
piston
wall
combustion chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US74651A
Inventor
Meurer Siegfried
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MAN AG
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MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
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Priority claimed from US740908A external-priority patent/US2975773A/en
Application filed by MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG filed Critical MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
Priority to US74651A priority Critical patent/US3034489A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/066—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray the injector being located substantially off-set from the cylinder centre axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0636—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0621—Squish flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0624—Swirl flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0666—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having a single fuel spray jet per injector nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0669—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2720/00—Engines with liquid fuel
    • F02B2720/22—Four stroke engines
    • F02B2720/226—Four stroke engines with measures for improving combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to combustion chambers for pistons.
  • the invention is directed to cornbustion chambers for self-ignition engines.
  • the piston of this invention is designed to operate in self-ignition engines such as disclosed in U.S. Eatent No. 2,907,308.
  • the liquid fuel is in ected into a hollow combustion chamber in the piston.
  • the injection is made in such a way that the major portionof the fuel travels over a short free path and is applied immediately to the wall of the combustion chamber. After striking the chamber wall, the fuel spreads out as a film over a part of the wall.
  • the remaining minor portion of the fuel is atomized directly in the air in the chamber and is self-ignited for igniting the fuel vaporized from the film of fuel. Combustion air is swirled over the film of fuel to vaporize the same.
  • the fuel cover as much as possible of the chamber wall. If the chamber, as in former pistons, is spherical or ellipsoidal and the fuel strikes the wall at a sharp angle, the fuel is spread as a film in a satisfactory manner. Because of the kinetic energy of the fuel, it has a tendency to spread peripherally about the wall of the combustion chamber. However, in these chambers, the spreading of the fuel is handicapped by the concave curve of the spherical or ellipsoidal chamber. Such chamber forms act in the nature of a groove with the fuel tending to flow along the bottom thereof and not completely spread out.
  • the object of tlus invention is to produce a combustion chamber formed as a body of rotation and having a shape such that the fuel will spread out evenly in all directions on the wall of the chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is in the form of two oppositely directed conical chamber portions, with the two portions connected at their bases.
  • a chamber so constructed has been found to improve the cold starting of an engine. This is because of the sudden change given the direction of the spreading fuel over the joint between the two conical sections. The fuel at this point is momentarily detached from the wall. Consequently, the air swirling across the separated fuel atomizes the fuel which is of special advantage for high boiling point fuels.
  • a similar effect can be obtained if the chamber wall and bottom are of spherical shapes with different curvatures. In the latter construction, as compared to the two conical portion construction, the momentary separation of the fuel from the film can be accomplished closer to the opening into the combustion ice chamber so that the atomization is more eifective in the starting of the engine.
  • the conical portions can be symmetrical and axially aligned.
  • the conical portions can be either non-axially aligned, or can be axially out of line, or can be non-symmetrical for purposes of forming fuel films desirable for certain combustion processes.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a piston in a cylinder with the piston having a combustion chamber according to this invention.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 are similar views of respective modified forms of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is posit oned in the piston head of piston 2, the chamber being coaxial with the axis of piston 2 and cylinder 3.
  • a nozzle 4 is inclined in the cylinder head 4a above the combustion chamber.
  • the major portion of the injected fuel is applied to the combustion chamber wall by several fuel jets 4b which are directed at a sharp angle toward the wall and form a film thereon. This film is vaporized from the wall and mixed with the air swirling in the chamber to produce a combustible fuel mixture.
  • the minor portion of the fuel it atomized immediately in the air swirling in the chamber. This atomizing is accomplished by either deflecting a part of the injected fuel into the air or by a special ignition jet, not shown. As the fuel leaves the nozzle, it has a kinetic energy which moves the fuel circumferentially around and upon the combustion chamber wall.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is connected to the surface of the piston by means of a cylindrical neck 9 and is composed of two oppositely directed conical portions 12 and 14, respectively, in the form of truncated cones with their bases joined on the line 16.
  • Chamber 1 is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the piston.
  • the wall of the chamber is interrupted to form an irregular surface which causes the fuel being applied to be momentarily separated from the chamber wall. This separated fuel mixes with the air swirl in the chamber and thus causes an atomizing of at least a part of this separated fuel.
  • the conical portions 12a and 1411 are displaced with respect to each other as by having the two axes at an angle to each other.
  • the conical portions 12b and 14b are made asymmetrical with respect to each other.
  • a piston having a combustion chamber for receiving a film of fuel injected upon the wall of the chamber, said fuel being then vaporized and burned, the improvement comprising a downwardly directed combustion chamber extending from the top surface of the piston into the piston body, said chamber having wall surfaces in 3 a 4 the form of a pair of oppositely extending truncated cones 6.
  • a piston as in claim 1 further comprising a cywith their larger bases joined to one another. x lindrical neck between the top surface of said piston and 2.
  • said pair of truncated said combustion chamber; cones being symmetrical and coaxial.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

y 1962 s. MEURER 3,034,489
COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR PISTONS Original Filed June 9, 1958 INVENTOR H jz'egffiz'ed Maura/ AiTORN d United States Patent 3,034,489 COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR PI STONS Siegfried Meurer, Numberg, Germany, assignor to Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Numberg A.G., Number-g,
This invention relates to combustion chambers for pistons. In particular, the invention is directed to cornbustion chambers for self-ignition engines.
This application is a division of my application Serial No. 740,08, filed June 9, 1958, for Combustion Chambers for Pistons, now Patent 2,975,773, issued March 21, 1961.
The piston of this invention is designed to operate in self-ignition engines such as disclosed in U.S. Eatent No. 2,907,308. In such engine, the liquid fuel is in ected into a hollow combustion chamber in the piston. The injection is made in such a way that the major portionof the fuel travels over a short free path and is applied immediately to the wall of the combustion chamber. After striking the chamber wall, the fuel spreads out as a film over a part of the wall. The remaining minor portion of the fuel is atomized directly in the air in the chamber and is self-ignited for igniting the fuel vaporized from the film of fuel. Combustion air is swirled over the film of fuel to vaporize the same.
In these engines, it is desirable to have the fuel cover as much as possible of the chamber wall. If the chamber, as in former pistons, is spherical or ellipsoidal and the fuel strikes the wall at a sharp angle, the fuel is spread as a film in a satisfactory manner. Because of the kinetic energy of the fuel, it has a tendency to spread peripherally about the wall of the combustion chamber. However, in these chambers, the spreading of the fuel is handicapped by the concave curve of the spherical or ellipsoidal chamber. Such chamber forms act in the nature of a groove with the fuel tending to flow along the bottom thereof and not completely spread out.
The object of tlus invention is to produce a combustion chamber formed as a body of rotation and having a shape such that the fuel will spread out evenly in all directions on the wall of the chamber.
In accordance with the invention, the combustion chamber is in the form of two oppositely directed conical chamber portions, with the two portions connected at their bases. A chamber so constructed has been found to improve the cold starting of an engine. This is because of the sudden change given the direction of the spreading fuel over the joint between the two conical sections. The fuel at this point is momentarily detached from the wall. Consequently, the air swirling across the separated fuel atomizes the fuel which is of special advantage for high boiling point fuels. A similar effect can be obtained if the chamber wall and bottom are of spherical shapes with different curvatures. In the latter construction, as compared to the two conical portion construction, the momentary separation of the fuel from the film can be accomplished closer to the opening into the combustion ice chamber so that the atomization is more eifective in the starting of the engine.
When the combustion chamber is in the form of two conical portions, these conical portions can be symmetrical and axially aligned. However, in a modified construction, the conical portions can be either non-axially aligned, or can be axially out of line, or can be non-symmetrical for purposes of forming fuel films desirable for certain combustion processes.
The means by which the objects of the invention are obtained are described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a piston in a cylinder with the piston having a combustion chamber according to this invention; and
FIGURES 2 and 3 are similar views of respective modified forms of the combustion chamber.
As shown in FIGURE 1, the combustion chamber 1 is posit oned in the piston head of piston 2, the chamber being coaxial with the axis of piston 2 and cylinder 3. A nozzle 4 is inclined in the cylinder head 4a above the combustion chamber. The major portion of the injected fuel is applied to the combustion chamber wall by several fuel jets 4b which are directed at a sharp angle toward the wall and form a film thereon. This film is vaporized from the wall and mixed with the air swirling in the chamber to produce a combustible fuel mixture. The minor portion of the fuel it atomized immediately in the air swirling in the chamber. This atomizing is accomplished by either deflecting a part of the injected fuel into the air or by a special ignition jet, not shown. As the fuel leaves the nozzle, it has a kinetic energy which moves the fuel circumferentially around and upon the combustion chamber wall.
As shown in FIGURE 1, the combustion chamber 1 is connected to the surface of the piston by means of a cylindrical neck 9 and is composed of two oppositely directed conical portions 12 and 14, respectively, in the form of truncated cones with their bases joined on the line 16. Chamber 1 is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the piston. Along the line 16, the wall of the chamber is interrupted to form an irregular surface which causes the fuel being applied to be momentarily separated from the chamber wall. This separated fuel mixes with the air swirl in the chamber and thus causes an atomizing of at least a part of this separated fuel.
When it is desired to apply the fuel to particular wall areas, such can be accomplished by the arrangement of the portions of the chamber wall. As shown in FIGURE 2, the conical portions 12a and 1411, instead of being coaxial, are displaced with respect to each other as by having the two axes at an angle to each other. Alternatively, as shown in FIGURE 3, the conical portions 12b and 14b are made asymmetrical with respect to each other.
Having now described the means by which the objects of the invention are obtained,
1 claim:
1. In a piston having a combustion chamber for receiving a film of fuel injected upon the wall of the chamber, said fuel being then vaporized and burned, the improvement comprising a downwardly directed combustion chamber extending from the top surface of the piston into the piston body, said chamber having wall surfaces in 3 a 4 the form of a pair of oppositely extending truncated cones 6. In a piston as in claim 1, further comprising a cywith their larger bases joined to one another. x lindrical neck between the top surface of said piston and 2. In a piston as in claim 1, said pair of truncated said combustion chamber; cones being symmetrical and coaxial.
3. In a piston as in claim 1, said pair of truncated cones 5 References sited in the file of s patent being non-coaxial.
v 4. In a piston as in claim 1, said pair of truncated cones UNITED STATES PATENTS being asymmetrical with respect to each other. 2,881,743 Holt Apr. 14, 1959 5. In a piston as in claim 1, said pair of truncated cones being non-coaxial and non-symmetrical with respect to 10 FOREIGN PATENTS each other. 1,207,557 France Sept. 7, 1959
US74651A 1958-06-09 1960-12-08 Combustion chambers for pistons Expired - Lifetime US3034489A (en)

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US740908A US2975773A (en) 1957-07-06 1958-06-09 Combustion chambers for pistons
US74651A US3034489A (en) 1958-06-09 1960-12-08 Combustion chambers for pistons

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3050580C2 (en) * 1980-09-29 1986-04-30 Central Nyj Ni Skij Dizel Nyj IC engine with fuel injection - has specified angles between injection channel pairs to direct vapours to opposite sides of chamber

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2281743A (en) * 1940-07-26 1942-05-05 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit breaker
FR1207557A (en) * 1958-07-06 1960-02-17 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Self-igniting, air-compression internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2281743A (en) * 1940-07-26 1942-05-05 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit breaker
FR1207557A (en) * 1958-07-06 1960-02-17 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Self-igniting, air-compression internal combustion engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3050580C2 (en) * 1980-09-29 1986-04-30 Central Nyj Ni Skij Dizel Nyj IC engine with fuel injection - has specified angles between injection channel pairs to direct vapours to opposite sides of chamber

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