US3027540A - Hydrophone with spaced electromechanical ceramic elements - Google Patents

Hydrophone with spaced electromechanical ceramic elements Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3027540A
US3027540A US685644A US68564457A US3027540A US 3027540 A US3027540 A US 3027540A US 685644 A US685644 A US 685644A US 68564457 A US68564457 A US 68564457A US 3027540 A US3027540 A US 3027540A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bodies
hydrophone
ceramic elements
ceramic
cap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US685644A
Inventor
Glenn N Howatt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gulton Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Gulton Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gulton Industries Inc filed Critical Gulton Industries Inc
Priority to US685644A priority Critical patent/US3027540A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3027540A publication Critical patent/US3027540A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/43—Electric condenser making
    • Y10T29/435—Solid dielectric type

Definitions

  • My invention relates to hydrophones.
  • my invention relates to hydrophones which are entirely encapsulated and which may be produced economically and easily.
  • a principal object of my invention is to provide a hydrophone which is entirely encapsulated without the use of any seals.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide a hydrophone cable seal which is leakproof without the use of extra parts.
  • a still further object of my invention is to provide a hydrophone cable seal with a moisture barrier which prevents the cable seal from breathing.
  • I mean filling the interior of the hydrophone and sealing it from the external water in which it is placed so as to make it and the elements contained therein waterproof.
  • electrical insulating tubular members 51 and 52 of Bakelite impregnated paper or similar material are set on an insulating cap 58 which is formed of Bakelite or similar material such that cap 58 fits snugly inside tube 51 and 52 is properly centered within tube 51. This centering may be accomplished by placing grooves in cap 58 (not shown) into which tube 52 is set. I prefer to form tube 52 with a plurality of openings 66 adjacent cap 58. Electromechanically sensitive bodies 53a, 53b and 530, which I prefer to form of piezoelectric ceramic such as the titanates, niobates or zirconates, are placed between tubes 51 and 52.
  • Bodies 53a and 53b are held in spaced relationship by tape 63 which is attached to bodies 53a and 53b around their circumferences. In similar manner, bodies 53b and 53c are held in spaced relationship by tape 64. In place of tapes 63 and 64, insulating grommets may also be used.
  • the spaces between bodies 53a and 53b and between bodies 53b and 530 are shown expanded in the figure for the purpose of clarity. Electrodes 54a, 54b and 54c are suitably aflixed to the outer surfaces of bodies 53a, 53b and 530, respectively, and electrodes 55a, 55b and 550 are similarly affixed to the inner surfaces of bodies 53a, 53b and 53c, respectively.
  • the electrodes are applied to the surfaces of the ceramic bodies by any of the techniques which are well known in the art.
  • Bodies 53a and 530 are held spaced from tube 52 by grommets 56 and 57, respectively, which also serve to maintain the presence of the airspace between tube 52 and bodies 53a, 53b and 53c.
  • Connections 61 and 62 are arranged so that the ceramic units are electrically connected in series and outside connections are made to the terminals of this series arrangement by leads 59 and 60. Lead is placed in the combination so that it extends for substantially the length of the hydrophone and is doubled back upon itself prior to being connected to electrode 540. As a result, it will be sealed within the potting for some length and cannot breathe at the point at which it enters the water.
  • the scaling is accomplished by pouring potting 65, in its liquid state into the inner volume within tube 52.
  • potting 65 I prefer to use a potting compound consisting of an epoxy resin in combination with a hardening agent such as diethylene t-riarnine, and a plasticizer of a liquid polymer type such as has been described in the article Where and How to Use Epoxies by Jerome Formo and Luther Bolstad in Modern Plastics, volume 32, No. 11, pages 99 to 104. It can be seen that grommets 56 and 57 maintain the necessary airspace so that the ceramic elements may vibrate when subjected to excitation. Leads 59 and 60 may, if desired, be contained in a cable (not shown).
  • the operation of the hydrophone illustrated in FIG- URE 5 is standard in the art. It is hung in the liquid medium and suspended by its leads 59 and 60. Upon receiving acoustic waves at frequencies to which the unit is sensitive, the ceramic bodies 53a, 53b and 53c vibrate and generate an electric voltage which is transmitted by leads 59 and 60 to suitable amplifying and detecting equipment (not shown).
  • the unit may also be used as a transmitter, in which case electrical excitation of the proper frequency is applied to the unit from a generator (not shown) through leads 59 and 60 thereby causing bodies 53a, 53b and 53a to vibrate and transmit an acoustic wave in the liquid medium.
  • a hydrophone comprising a pair of tubular insulating bodies, one within the other, a cap at one end of said tubular electrical insulating bodies such that said cap fits snugly within the larger of said pair of tubular insulating bodies, a plurality of cylindrical, electromechanically sensitive, ceramic bodies with electrodes afiixed to the inner and outer surfaces thereof between said pair of tubular insulating bodies, holding means, spacing means, said ceramic bodies being located one above the other and held in spaced relationship each from each by said holding means, said ceramic bodies being kept in spaced relationship with the smaller of said pair of tubular insulating bodies by said spacing means, said spacing means being placed at the extremities of said plurality of ceramic bodies, said ceramic bodies being connected in series, external electrical connections fed through said cap within said smaller tubular insulating body for a minimum distance substantially equal to the length of said smaller tubular insulating body and making electrical connections to the terminal electrodes of said series connected ceramic bodies, the space within said smaller tubular insulating body, below and above said plurality of ceramic bodies and between

Description

United rates 3,627,540 Patented Mar. 27, 1962 Free Jersey "Filed Sept. 23, 1957, Ser. No. 685,644
2 Claims. (Cl. 340-) My invention relates to hydrophones. In particular, my invention relates to hydrophones which are entirely encapsulated and which may be produced economically and easily.
A principal object of my invention is to provide a hydrophone which is entirely encapsulated without the use of any seals.
A further object of my invention is to provide a hydrophone cable seal which is leakproof without the use of extra parts.
A still further object of my invention is to provide a hydrophone cable seal with a moisture barrier which prevents the cable seal from breathing.
Other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.
By encapsulation, I mean filling the interior of the hydrophone and sealing it from the external water in which it is placed so as to make it and the elements contained therein waterproof.
In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this application, and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same.
The single figure of the drawing illustrates one form of the hydrophone of this invention.
In the hydrophone illustrated in the drawing, electrical insulating tubular members 51 and 52 of Bakelite impregnated paper or similar material are set on an insulating cap 58 which is formed of Bakelite or similar material such that cap 58 fits snugly inside tube 51 and 52 is properly centered within tube 51. This centering may be accomplished by placing grooves in cap 58 (not shown) into which tube 52 is set. I prefer to form tube 52 with a plurality of openings 66 adjacent cap 58. Electromechanically sensitive bodies 53a, 53b and 530, which I prefer to form of piezoelectric ceramic such as the titanates, niobates or zirconates, are placed between tubes 51 and 52. Bodies 53a and 53b are held in spaced relationship by tape 63 which is attached to bodies 53a and 53b around their circumferences. In similar manner, bodies 53b and 53c are held in spaced relationship by tape 64. In place of tapes 63 and 64, insulating grommets may also be used. The spaces between bodies 53a and 53b and between bodies 53b and 530 are shown expanded in the figure for the purpose of clarity. Electrodes 54a, 54b and 54c are suitably aflixed to the outer surfaces of bodies 53a, 53b and 530, respectively, and electrodes 55a, 55b and 550 are similarly affixed to the inner surfaces of bodies 53a, 53b and 53c, respectively. The electrodes are applied to the surfaces of the ceramic bodies by any of the techniques which are well known in the art.
Bodies 53a and 530 are held spaced from tube 52 by grommets 56 and 57, respectively, which also serve to maintain the presence of the airspace between tube 52 and bodies 53a, 53b and 53c. Connections 61 and 62 are arranged so that the ceramic units are electrically connected in series and outside connections are made to the terminals of this series arrangement by leads 59 and 60. Lead is placed in the combination so that it extends for substantially the length of the hydrophone and is doubled back upon itself prior to being connected to electrode 540. As a result, it will be sealed within the potting for some length and cannot breathe at the point at which it enters the water. The scaling is accomplished by pouring potting 65, in its liquid state into the inner volume within tube 52. It fiows through openings 66 and fills the volume between tube 51 and the bodies 53a, 53b and 53c also. The potting is permitted to set and harden, at which time the combination, including the leads, is completely sealed. For potting 65, I prefer to use a potting compound consisting of an epoxy resin in combination with a hardening agent such as diethylene t-riarnine, and a plasticizer of a liquid polymer type such as has been described in the article Where and How to Use Epoxies by Jerome Formo and Luther Bolstad in Modern Plastics, volume 32, No. 11, pages 99 to 104. It can be seen that grommets 56 and 57 maintain the necessary airspace so that the ceramic elements may vibrate when subjected to excitation. Leads 59 and 60 may, if desired, be contained in a cable (not shown).
The operation of the hydrophone illustrated in FIG- URE 5 is standard in the art. It is hung in the liquid medium and suspended by its leads 59 and 60. Upon receiving acoustic waves at frequencies to which the unit is sensitive, the ceramic bodies 53a, 53b and 53c vibrate and generate an electric voltage which is transmitted by leads 59 and 60 to suitable amplifying and detecting equipment (not shown). The unit may also be used as a transmitter, in which case electrical excitation of the proper frequency is applied to the unit from a generator (not shown) through leads 59 and 60 thereby causing bodies 53a, 53b and 53a to vibrate and transmit an acoustic wave in the liquid medium.
While I have described my invention by means of a specific example and in a specific embodiment, I do not wish to be limited thereto, for obvious modifications will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of my invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. A hydrophone comprising a pair of tubular insulating bodies, one within the other, a cap at one end of said tubular electrical insulating bodies such that said cap fits snugly within the larger of said pair of tubular insulating bodies, a plurality of cylindrical, electromechanically sensitive, ceramic bodies with electrodes afiixed to the inner and outer surfaces thereof between said pair of tubular insulating bodies, holding means, spacing means, said ceramic bodies being located one above the other and held in spaced relationship each from each by said holding means, said ceramic bodies being kept in spaced relationship with the smaller of said pair of tubular insulating bodies by said spacing means, said spacing means being placed at the extremities of said plurality of ceramic bodies, said ceramic bodies being connected in series, external electrical connections fed through said cap within said smaller tubular insulating body for a minimum distance substantially equal to the length of said smaller tubular insulating body and making electrical connections to the terminal electrodes of said series connected ceramic bodies, the space within said smaller tubular insulating body, below and above said plurality of ceramic bodies and between said plurality of ceramic bodies and said larger tubular insulating body being, filled with potting, said potting sealing said electrical connections at the points at which said connections leave the assembly.
2. A hydrophone as described in claim 1 wherein said smaller tubular insulating body contains openings therein adjacent the end adjacent said cap.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,480,535 Alois et-ali Aug; 30, 1949 4" Frondel Oct. 25,1949 Gogolick et al July 29, 1952 Ianssen Nov. 18, 1952 Harris June 5, 1956 Harris Aug. 28, 1956 Vogel Sept. 4, 1956 Harnis Aug. 27, 1957 Harris June 3, 1958 Harris Aug. 19, 1958 Harris Mar. 31, 1959
US685644A 1957-09-23 1957-09-23 Hydrophone with spaced electromechanical ceramic elements Expired - Lifetime US3027540A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US685644A US3027540A (en) 1957-09-23 1957-09-23 Hydrophone with spaced electromechanical ceramic elements

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US685644A US3027540A (en) 1957-09-23 1957-09-23 Hydrophone with spaced electromechanical ceramic elements

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3027540A true US3027540A (en) 1962-03-27

Family

ID=24753085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US685644A Expired - Lifetime US3027540A (en) 1957-09-23 1957-09-23 Hydrophone with spaced electromechanical ceramic elements

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3027540A (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172078A (en) * 1959-01-27 1965-03-02 Texaco Inc Acoustic velocity well logging instrument
US3212056A (en) * 1961-06-22 1965-10-12 Electronic Res Associates Inc Dual transducer device
US3256114A (en) * 1962-01-23 1966-06-14 Aerojet General Co Method for preloading ultrasonic transducer
US3274539A (en) * 1964-11-30 1966-09-20 Alan O Sykes Transducer for simultaneous measurement of physical phenomena of sound wave
US3495210A (en) * 1968-04-04 1970-02-10 Us Navy Pressure seated electrical connections in a flexible hydrophone array
US3713086A (en) * 1969-09-25 1973-01-23 W Trott Hydrophone
US3760348A (en) * 1972-02-24 1973-09-18 Us Navy H52 standard reference hydrophone
US4433399A (en) * 1979-07-05 1984-02-21 The Stoneleigh Trust Ultrasonic transducers
US4525645A (en) * 1983-10-11 1985-06-25 Southwest Research Institute Cylindrical bender-type vibration transducer
US4782470A (en) * 1985-11-13 1988-11-01 General Instrument Corp. Hydrophone with extended operational life
US5003285A (en) * 1972-09-08 1991-03-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Transducer array
US5225731A (en) * 1991-06-13 1993-07-06 Southwest Research Institute Solid body piezoelectric bender transducer

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2480535A (en) * 1947-03-13 1949-08-30 Gen Electric Enclosure for vibratile elements
US2486146A (en) * 1948-10-01 1949-10-25 Cambridge Thermionic Corp Pressure responsive transducer
US2605346A (en) * 1945-09-18 1952-07-29 Roland M Goglick Waterproof microphone
US2618698A (en) * 1951-05-21 1952-11-18 Gen Electric Transducer and method of making the same
US2749532A (en) * 1952-06-04 1956-06-05 Harris Transducer Corp Hydrophone
US2761077A (en) * 1952-03-27 1956-08-28 Harris Transducer Corp Magnetostrictive ceramic transducer
US2762032A (en) * 1954-11-26 1956-09-04 Shell Dev Seismic hydrophone
US2804603A (en) * 1951-07-24 1957-08-27 Harris Transducer Corp Sound meter
US2837731A (en) * 1955-04-19 1958-06-03 Harris Transducer Corp Hydrophone cable
US2848672A (en) * 1955-07-26 1958-08-19 Harris Transducer Corp Self-excited transducer
US2880404A (en) * 1955-05-13 1959-03-31 Harris Transducer Corp Compact resonant sonar transducer

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2605346A (en) * 1945-09-18 1952-07-29 Roland M Goglick Waterproof microphone
US2480535A (en) * 1947-03-13 1949-08-30 Gen Electric Enclosure for vibratile elements
US2486146A (en) * 1948-10-01 1949-10-25 Cambridge Thermionic Corp Pressure responsive transducer
US2618698A (en) * 1951-05-21 1952-11-18 Gen Electric Transducer and method of making the same
US2804603A (en) * 1951-07-24 1957-08-27 Harris Transducer Corp Sound meter
US2761077A (en) * 1952-03-27 1956-08-28 Harris Transducer Corp Magnetostrictive ceramic transducer
US2749532A (en) * 1952-06-04 1956-06-05 Harris Transducer Corp Hydrophone
US2762032A (en) * 1954-11-26 1956-09-04 Shell Dev Seismic hydrophone
US2837731A (en) * 1955-04-19 1958-06-03 Harris Transducer Corp Hydrophone cable
US2880404A (en) * 1955-05-13 1959-03-31 Harris Transducer Corp Compact resonant sonar transducer
US2848672A (en) * 1955-07-26 1958-08-19 Harris Transducer Corp Self-excited transducer

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172078A (en) * 1959-01-27 1965-03-02 Texaco Inc Acoustic velocity well logging instrument
US3212056A (en) * 1961-06-22 1965-10-12 Electronic Res Associates Inc Dual transducer device
US3256114A (en) * 1962-01-23 1966-06-14 Aerojet General Co Method for preloading ultrasonic transducer
US3274539A (en) * 1964-11-30 1966-09-20 Alan O Sykes Transducer for simultaneous measurement of physical phenomena of sound wave
US3495210A (en) * 1968-04-04 1970-02-10 Us Navy Pressure seated electrical connections in a flexible hydrophone array
US3713086A (en) * 1969-09-25 1973-01-23 W Trott Hydrophone
US3760348A (en) * 1972-02-24 1973-09-18 Us Navy H52 standard reference hydrophone
US5003285A (en) * 1972-09-08 1991-03-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Transducer array
US4433399A (en) * 1979-07-05 1984-02-21 The Stoneleigh Trust Ultrasonic transducers
US4525645A (en) * 1983-10-11 1985-06-25 Southwest Research Institute Cylindrical bender-type vibration transducer
US4782470A (en) * 1985-11-13 1988-11-01 General Instrument Corp. Hydrophone with extended operational life
US5225731A (en) * 1991-06-13 1993-07-06 Southwest Research Institute Solid body piezoelectric bender transducer

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3027540A (en) Hydrophone with spaced electromechanical ceramic elements
US3167668A (en) Piezoelectric transducers
GB1040650A (en) Electrode assembly
US2565158A (en) Hydraulic electromechanical transducer
GB1348401A (en) Pressure sensitive hydrophone
SE398053B (en) PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURE OF AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION ELEMENT
JPS525500A (en) Flexible epoxy resin mica insulation
IT1031946B (en) PROCEDURE OF SEPARATION OF THE ISOTOPES OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT AND DEVICE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCEDURE
GB1195102A (en) Transducer Apparatus.
US3018466A (en) Compensated hydrophone
ES374813A1 (en) Semiconductor rectifier assembly having high explosion rating
US2413462A (en) Transducer
US6275448B1 (en) Pressure-compensated acceleration-insensitive hydrophone
US3113288A (en) Supersensitive shielded crystal hydrophone
US2613261A (en) Underwater transducer
US2964730A (en) Electro-acoustic transducer having coaxially spaced cylindrical coils
US2749532A (en) Hydrophone
NL184399C (en) STABILIZATION OF PIEZO ELECTRICAL RESIN ELEMENT.
ES412776A1 (en) Dampened choke coil
US3107664A (en) Medical transducer for detecting arterial pulsations
US3108247A (en) Depth-compensated transducer
IT995615B (en) CONNECTION FOR THE CONNECTION OF THE FRONTAL ELEMENTS WITH THE APPLIED ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND SIGNALING EQUIPMENT
US3368193A (en) Deep submergence hydrophone
US4471475A (en) Single element cantilever mounted shear wave transducer
GB1209360A (en) Arrangement for producing artificial reverberation