US30271A - Improved electro-magnetic helix - Google Patents

Description

M. VERGNES. METHOD 0R PRINCIPLE 0? CONSTRUCTION FOR MAKING MAGNETIC HELICES.

No 30,271. Patented Oct. 2, 1860,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAURICE V ERGNES, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC HELIX.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 30,271, dated October 2, 1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, llIAURICE Vnncnns, of-

the city and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Method or Principle of Construction for Making Magnetic Helices; and I do hereby declare that the following is a.- i'ull, clear, and exact description thereof, and of its construction and mode or manner of operation, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, making a part of this specification.

The nature of my invention consists in a new and improved method or manner of arranging and combining the wire used in the construction of helices, so that there is obtained a greatly-increased amount of power with a comparatively small quantity of wire used.

Numerous experiments made by me have proved that when a helix is made in the ordinary ways by coiling a given weight of wire upon a mold, either circular or elongated, and whether formed of a single continuous wire or of one or more wires coiled over each other, that the arrangement is defective in many respects, first, there can be no guide in the selection of the diameter of the wire second, if any wire crosses others at right angles in the interior of the helix a part of the eifect is destroyed; third, if the helix is made of several wires coiled upon each other, such wires have neitherthe same length nor the same respective position in respect to the mass of iron to be magnetized; fourth, it is wholly impossible to correct any defect or leak in the interior of the helix, as the spot where it exists cannot be discovered; fifth,'the greatest defect arises because of the law or fact that a wire of which the diameter is equal in all its length opposes to the passage of a current of electricity a resistance which increases with its length, for it is known that where the galvanic electricity passes through a coil of wire the conductibility of such coil is in-an inverted ratio of the length of the wire and in direct ratio of its section, so that in order to convey a galvanic current from one end to the other of such coil it is necessary that the section of the wire should be increased proportionally to the distance from the poles ,of the battery, which is impossible in a helix as ordinarily constructed. My invention meets and solves all these difficulties and defects.

Figure I is a front view, Fig. I a lateral view, and Fig.1 is a plan, of an elongated helix constructed after myinvention, and composed of several double lays or coils of wire superimposed upon each other. Both extremities or ends of each of these double lays are at the outside of the helix and project at one end, as seen at 1, 2, 3, &c., to 16, and 1, 2, 850., to 16. These different double lays are independent of each other and bein all of the same length, and also in the same 1' lativ'e position, each one absorbs an equal quantity of electricity and produces an equal effect or power. This arrangement also gives the facility of trying andtesting each double lay separately to ascertain its perfect insulation, and find out the locality or precise spot-in the helix where any leak or defect may exist.

The different double lays of wire are connected to the battery, and to each other as represented by Fig. II. I connect the end 1 to one of the. poles of the battery and jointhe other end, 1, of the samelay with the two extremities 2 3 of the nextcontiguous don le lays; then the extremities 2 3 with the three following ones, at 5 6 then the extremities 4: 5 6 with the four following ones, 7 8 9 10, and then the extremities 7 8 9 10' with the three following ones, 11 12 13; then the extremities 11 12' 13' with the two 1415 then let 15 with 16, and, finally, Iconnectthe extremity 16 with the other pole of the battery. As will be ob served I increase the number of wires connected together until I reach the middle of helix, when the number is decreased.

In order to understand clearly the form these connections of the different double lays, the Fig. III is a diagram of the whole-helix extended in a single straight line. From this it is obvious that the section of the wire is in-- creased as the length increases, and that the greatest section of the wire is at an equal distance from the positive and negative poles of the battery, and that if two'points, as M and 0, be taken, so that the distance P M is equal to M O, that while the distance from M to P is only one-half of the distance from O to P the section at O is double that at M, sci that by my arrangement the section at each point of the whole continuous wire is increased proportionally to the distance from the pole of the battery.

The number of double lays of wire used in the construction of any helix may be increased or diminished, as desired, or according to the power to be produced 5 but inall cases'the whole number of double lays must be such that the greatest number connected together in any helix,as at C, Fig. III, shall be as the square root of the whole number of such double lays. If, as shown in the drawings, the whole numoer is sixteen, the greatest number connected together will be four. If the whole number is nine, the greatest number connected together will be three.

Fig. V shows the mode of holding or bracmg the wire while forming a double lay of an elongated helix with a square or round end. S S are two metallic or other plates having on their surface thin steel guides curved or bent squareyand distantfrom each other about the diameter of the wire of which the helix is to be made. I commence the coiling of one lay at the outside, 0, and continue coiling the wire within itself till the wire touches the mold A 18. Then by lifting, gently, the wire I take away the plates from under the lay and place them on top, and continue winding the wire D from the inside-outward till I arrive at the outside, D.

L L L are knaves or rightangled irons to. hold the'wire in its position during the building of the first lay N. The other knaves, K K K K, press lightly upon it and retain that part of the wire in position. The pieces L L L L are then raised, and I coil with the other half of the wire from the inside to the outside, completing the double lay with the wireP. Each separate wire is thus so coiled or 1: id that it extends from the outside of the helix to the inside, and then back again from the inside to the outside, making a double lay, each separate lay or coil lying upon or in contact with the other, but not crossing it, and thereby weakening its efi'ect, and each wire is of the shortest possible length--that is, only long enough to reach from the outside to the.

inside and back again -and all the several wires are of the same'length and have the same relative position in respect to any mass of iron to be magnetized.

K K, Fig. I, are two iron plates, which are placed on both sides and outside of the helix.-

. Actual experiment proves that by the use of these plates the efl'ectivepower of the helix is greatly increased. Such efiect is also in accordance with well-established magnetic laws. It is known that when a current from a voltaic battery passes through an insulated coil that, from the resistance of the metal or some other cause, the direct current has also an inductive power, and that such eifect is more sensible when the wire is long. Such effect is also greatly increased if the wire is wound in the form of a helix surroundingamass of iron, as in the ordinary electro-magnet. Hence, if to a coil 1 or helix connected with a battery the plates K Kare brought in contact with such helix they become, by means of the inductive power referred to, magnets, and by so' much increase the power of the helix. The construction of helix above described is also in strict accordance with the law or formula of the con- I ductabilit-y of a mass of metaL:

If A B A B, Fig. IV, represent a cylindrical piece of metal connected at P and N with the positive and negative poles of a battery, the conductability or magnetic power of such piece of metal will be represented by the double cones P O M and N O M, and which comprise but one-third of the whole mass of the cylinder. The portions of metal P A M P A O N B M N B 0, surrounding the cones, and being two-thirds of the whole mass, are wholly useless.

As will be observed, the construction of a helix according to my invention, as above described, gives to such helix. as seen in Fig. 3, nearly the form of the double cones P 0 M N O M, and the greater the number of the lays the nearer it will approach that conic form. I

As the eflective power of the cylinder A B A B is due to but one-third of its mass, if its whole mass could be shaped into a form like that of the double cones it would follow that it would have three times as much power or strength than when in the cylindrical form. The same rule should also hold-as to increase of power in ahelix constructed after my invention. And from careful and actualexperimen ts made by 'me I have ascertained that if two helices are constructed with equal weight of wire, one constructed in the manner in which helices are usually constructed and the other after my invention, as above described, that the latter has nearly three times as much power or strength as the former.

Helices constructed as above described may be used under all circumstances where the ordinary helices are employed, and they are peculiarly adapted for all uses and purposes where great magnetic power is required.

'I do not claim, generally, multiplying the number of the wires of a helix for the purpose of increasing its power, as such fact has been heretoforeknown; but

What I claim as myinve'ntlon, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Constructing a helix of a number of separate wires when each of such wires is so arranged or coiled as to form a double lay, sub stantially as described, each lay lying against or in contact with the other, butnotcrossing it, and when such wires are so connected with each other, as described, that the section of the helix at right angles with the axis of its core shall be increased as the distance from the battery is increased, such section being the greatest in the middle of the helix.

2. In combination with a helix, the use and application of the armature or iron plates K K, substantially as described, for the purpose of increasing the power of the helix.

M. VERGNES.

Witnesses:

S. D. LAW, HOWARD BIRD.

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