US3025733A - Automatic stationary rotary tongs - Google Patents

Automatic stationary rotary tongs Download PDF

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US3025733A
US3025733A US846765A US84676559A US3025733A US 3025733 A US3025733 A US 3025733A US 846765 A US846765 A US 846765A US 84676559 A US84676559 A US 84676559A US 3025733 A US3025733 A US 3025733A
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jaw
pipe
pipe section
engaging
flywheel
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US846765A
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Soodnizin Nicho Vladimirovitch
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E21B19/161—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe
    • E21B19/164—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe motor actuated

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  • This invention relates to tools and more particularly to a power driven rotary tongs primarily intended for turning an upper section of pipe in a pipe string with respect to a lower section in order to couple or uncouple one pipe section to or from the other.
  • the present invention solves this rather difficult problem by utilizing the inertia of rotating parts, including a flywheel to supply the necessary torque and this mechanism permits the use of a relatively low power prime mover for driving the mechanism with the result that sufficient torque for the purpose is developed and without exerting any lateral strain on the pipe string.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another and in which means is provided for holding one pipe section stationary while rotating the other pipe section with respect thereto.
  • a still further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for operating upon a pipe string in which means is provided for engaging and disengaging jaw pieces with one pipe section to hold the same stationary, there being means also provided for engaging and dis-engaging other jaw pieces with an upper pipe section for rotating the same with respect to the lower pipe section.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section and in which power operated means is provided for engaging and dis-engaging jaw pieces with the two pipe sections.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section, there being a fixed jaw for holding one pipe section stationary and a rotating driven jaw for rotating the other pipe section, the rotating jaw being driven by a gear train which in turn is driven by a prime mover, there also being a flywheel connected to the gear train for imparting torque thereto.
  • a still further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section and including rotary jaws engaging the pipe section to be rotated, the jaws being driven by a gear chain connected to a prime mover and a flywheel and in which means is provided for releasably coupling the flywheel to the gear chain for limiting or adjusting a torque transmitted thereto from V the flywheel.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section and in which stop means is provided for stopping the pipe rotating mechanism at a neutral or predetermined position, such stop mechanism being operated by power driven means.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section and in which the tongs may be moved into and out of engagement with the pipe sections and operated to rotate one of the pipe sections with respect to the other pipe section without manual effort, other than by operating other control means which may be located at a point remote from the rotary tongs.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view with parts in section for greater clarity and showing a power driven rotary tongs constructed in accordance with this invention with the same being shown in inoperative position in full lines and in operative position in dotted lines;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary top plan view with parts broken away and in section for greater clarity and showing the jaw structure for engaging the pipe string;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 and showing a portion of the mecha nism for engaging the jaws with the pipe section to be rotated;
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevational view with ports broken away and in section for greater clarity and showing the pipe engaging jaws, as well as the drive mechanism for rotating one section of pipe with respect to the other;
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevational view with parts broken away and in section for greater clarity and showing the flywheel utilized to impart torque to the driving mechanism, together with means for limiting or adjusting the torque transmitted thereby;
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view showing another aspect of the torque adjusting or limiting mechanism incorporated in the flywheel shown in FIG. 5.
  • a power driven rotary tons which may well comprise a base 10 mounted on a pedestal 11 and if desired, the base It) may be provided with a sleeve 12 surrounding the pedestal 11 in order to provide for rotation of the base It) with respect to the pedestal 11, although such movement is not necessary unless it is desired to use the rotary tongs in one location for operation on several adjacent drill strings.
  • a carriage 13 is provided with elongated rails 14 which are slidably mounted on the base 10 in order to permit movement of the carriage 13 transversely of the base 10 and pedestal 11.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 15 may be secured to the base 10 and slidable within the cylinder 15 is a piston 16 to which is connected a piston rod 17 which in turn is connected through a suitable coupling means 18 with the carriage 13. Consequently, operation of the hydraulic cylinder 15 serves to move the carriage l3 laterally of the base 10 from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string and in a manner to be later described.
  • a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw 19 which may include a jaw body 20 mounted on the base 16, the jaw body 20 having a generally U-shaped opening as shown in FIG. 2 for receiving a lower pipe section during operation of the apparatus.
  • Pipe engaging jaw pieces 21 are carried by the lower jaw body 20 and the jaw pieces 21 are connected to a yoke 22, the yoke 22 being connected to an arm 23 as shown in FIG. 2, and with the arm 23 being connected to the piston rod 24 of a hydraulic cylinder 25 pivotally mounted as at 26 on a bracket 27 secured to the base 1%.
  • the jaw pieces 21 may be loo-sely held in position by suitable spring means 28 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • an upper pipe section engaging jaw 30 may well include an upper jaw body 31 having a generally U-shaped opening, as shown in FIG. 2, for receiving the upper pipe section 32 and provided in the upper body 31 are oppositely extending tapered surfaces 33 and 34 on opposite sides of the upper body 31 and pipe engaging upper jaw pieces 35 are provided with roller means 36 engaging the tapered surfaces-33 and 34 for a purpose to be presently described.
  • An upper yoke .37 is connected to the upper jaw pieces 35.
  • a master gear 38 is rotatably mounted on the lower body 20 by means of rollers 39 and the master gear 38 frictionally engages the upper yoke 37 to drive the same.
  • the upper body 30 is coupled to the master gear 38 by suitable sliding pin means 40 which permit rotation of the upper body 30 by the maste gear 38 and at the same time, permits vertical movement of the upper body 35 as the upper pipe section 32 is screwed into or out of the lower pipe section 29.
  • the upper yoke 37 is provided with a ratchet tooth 41 and a plunger 42 is slidably mounted in the lower body 20 and a pawl 43 is carried by the plunger 42 for engaging the tooth 41 on the upper yoke 37.
  • the plunger 42 may be connected through a suitable rod or linkage means 44 with a: hydraulic cylinder 45, FIGURE 4, which may be utilized for actuating the plunger 42 and for moving the pawl 43 into and out of engagement with the ratchet tooth 41. The operation of this mechanism will be later described.
  • the master gear 38 may be driven through a gear train which may include the gears 46, 47 and 48 which in turn are connected to a gear 451 meshing with a pinion gear 50 mounted on a drive shaft 51 which is coupled to a prime mover 52 which may be of any desired type, such as an electric or hydraulic motor.
  • a prime mover 52 which may be of any desired type, such as an electric or hydraulic motor.
  • the drive shaft 53 of the prime mover 52 is coupled to a sleeve 54 by splines or other suitable coupling means 55 and the opposite end of sleeve 54 is provided with splines 56 or other suitable means for coupling the same to the drive shaft '51 carrying the pinion gear 50.
  • Rotatably mounted on the sleeve 54 by suitable bearings 57 is a flywheel 58 and insofar as this mounting means is concerned, the flywheel 58 is freely rotatable on the sleeve 54.
  • a disk 59 Fixed to the sleeve 54 below the flywheel 58 is a disk 59 and carried by the disk 59 is an arcuate series of balls 60 which provide protuberances projecting above the up- -per surface of the disk 59 which the protuberances 60 facing the lower surface of the flywheel 58.
  • An inclined bore 61 is provided in the flywheel 58 and disposed in the bore 61 is a compression spring 62, the lower end of which engages a plunger 63 which in turn engages a pawl .64 providing a detent projecting outwardly of the lower surface of the flywheel 58 and engaging the protuberances 60 on the disk 59.
  • the opposite end of the spring 62 engages the plug 65 slidably received in the bore 61 and the plug 65 projects upwardly above the upper end surface of the flywheel 58 and engages a plate 66 carried by the flywheel 58 and the plate 66 may be adjusted to vary the tension on the spring 62 in order to vary the force by which the detent 64 engages the protuberances 60.
  • the flywheel 58 will transmit torque to the disk 59 and drive shaft 51 by engagement of the detent 64 with the protuberances 60 and the degree of torque transmitted will be determined by the direction of rotation of the flywheel 58, since by reason of the inclination of the bore 61, the detent 64 will be disengaged from the protuberances 60 more easily when rotating in one direction than in the other and this mechanism is so disposed as to transmit the minimum amount of torque for tightening the pipe string and the maximum amount of torque for loosening or unscrewing one section of the pipe string from the other.
  • a recess 67 in the master gear 38 there may be provided a recess 67 in the master gear 38 and a stop pin 68 is slidably mounted in the lower body member 20 and the stop pin 68 may be actuated by a fluid pressure cylinder 69 to move the same into and out of engagement with the recess 67.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 15 may be actuated to move the base 10 and mechanism carried thereby into alignment with the upper and lower pipe sections 32 and 29 and in such a manner that the pipe sections will be received within the upper and lower jaw bodies.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 25 may then be actuated to move the lower jaw pieces 21 with respect to the tapered surfaces in the lower jaw body 20 to engage such jaw pieces 21 with the lower pipe section 29 to securely clamp and hold the same against rotation.
  • the prime mover 52 may be energized to rotate the flywheel 58, drive shaft 51 and the gear train driving the master gear 38 in order to rotate the upper jaw body 30* and the yoke 37 until such time as this mechanism has obtained the desired rotational speed.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 45 may be energized to actuate the linkage or rod 44 which in turn actuates the plunger 42 to move the pawl 43 into engagement with the ratchet tooth 41 thereby stopping rotation of the yoke 37 and upper jaw pieces 35 which will cause such jaw pieces to move with respect to the tapered surfaces 33 and 34 thereby moving the jaw pieces 35 into clamping engagement with the upper pipe see tion 32.
  • the inertia of the flywheel 58 and rotating por tions of the apparatus will there-by rotate the upper pipe section 32 to screw the same into firm engagement with the lower pipe section 29 and upon the maximum torque being applied to the upper pipe section 32, in the event such maximum torque is exceeded, the detent 64 will move out of engagement with the protuberances 60 thereby permitting the flywheel 58 to rotate with respect to the disk 59 and drive shaft 51 which precludes breakage of the apparatus due to an excess of torque being applied.
  • the cylinder 69 may be energized to move the stop pin 68 into engagement with the recess 67 in the master gear 38 thereby positioning the U-shaped opening in the upper jaw body 30 in proper alignment for the base 10 and apparatus carried thereby to be moved transversely out of engagement with the pipe sections 29 and 32.
  • Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, hydraulic means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging said surfaces, a yoke connected to said jaw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and hydraulic means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U- shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke
  • Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, hydraulic means for moving said carriage on said base, .
  • Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, hydraulic means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging said surfaces, a yoke connected to said jaw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and hydraulic means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and said jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw-pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper y
  • Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, hydraulic means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging said surfaces, a yoke connected to said aw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and hydraulic means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and said jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw pieces into clamping en gagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an
  • Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging saidsurfaces, a yoke connected to said jaw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and said jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke connected
  • Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a gen eral-ly U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, pipe engaging jaw pieces in said body and means for moving said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke connected to said upper jaw pieces, a master gear rotatably mounted on said lower body and frictionally engaging said upper yoke to drive the same, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, means to stop rotation of said upper yoke with respect to
  • Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, pipe engaging jaw pieces in said body and means for moving said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces carried by said upper body, a master gear rotatably mounted on said lower body, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, means to move said upper jaw pieces into clamping engagement with said upper pipe section, a gear train for driving said master gear, a prime mover, a drive shaft connecting said prime mover and said gear train, a flywheel rotatably mounted on said drive shaft and means to transmit torque from

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Description

March 20, 1962 N. v. SOODNIZIN 3,025,733
AUTOMATIC STATIONARY ROTARY TONGS Filed July 13, l959 2 Sheets-Sheet l as 34 gr INVENTOR lV/O'HOLAS VLAD/M/ROV/TGH SOOD/V/Z/IV ATTORNEYS March 20, 1962 N. v. SOODNIZIN AUTOMATIC STATIONARY ROTARY TONGS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 13, 1959 v INVENTOR NICHOLAS VLAD/M/ROV/TCH SOOD/V/Z/N Uited States Patent Ofiice 3,025,733 Patented Mar. 20, 1962 3,025,733 AUTOMATEC STATIONARY RQ'IARY TQNGS Nicholas Wadimiroviteh Soodnizin, Warsaws Chaussee, 135a, Korpus 2., Apt. 12, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Filed .Iuly 13, 1959, Ser. No. 846,765 Claims. (Cl. 81--53) This invention relates to tools and more particularly to a power driven rotary tongs primarily intended for turning an upper section of pipe in a pipe string with respect to a lower section in order to couple or uncouple one pipe section to or from the other.
Heretofore many different types of rotary tongs or wrenches have been proposed and utilized for operating on drill pipe strings or well casings in connection with oil wells or other wells where it is necessary to couple or uncouple relatively large and long pipe sections and all of these tools have attempted, in one way or another, to overcome the rather difiicult problem of applying sufficient torque to the pipe to accomplish the desired result and at the same time, avoid exerting a lateral strain upon the pipe which would tend to bend the same or move the same out of vertical alignment and numerous types of force multiplying mechanisms have been proposed for this purpose.
The present invention solves this rather difficult problem by utilizing the inertia of rotating parts, including a flywheel to supply the necessary torque and this mechanism permits the use of a relatively low power prime mover for driving the mechanism with the result that sufficient torque for the purpose is developed and without exerting any lateral strain on the pipe string.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a power driven rotary tong which may be permanently mounted adjacent a pipe string to be operated upon and moved into or out of operative position in alignment with the pipe string by suitable hydraulic or other power means.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another and in which means is provided for holding one pipe section stationary while rotating the other pipe section with respect thereto.
A still further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for operating upon a pipe string in which means is provided for engaging and disengaging jaw pieces with one pipe section to hold the same stationary, there being means also provided for engaging and dis-engaging other jaw pieces with an upper pipe section for rotating the same with respect to the lower pipe section.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section and in which power operated means is provided for engaging and dis-engaging jaw pieces with the two pipe sections.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section, there being a fixed jaw for holding one pipe section stationary and a rotating driven jaw for rotating the other pipe section, the rotating jaw being driven by a gear train which in turn is driven by a prime mover, there also being a flywheel connected to the gear train for imparting torque thereto.
A still further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section and including rotary jaws engaging the pipe section to be rotated, the jaws being driven by a gear chain connected to a prime mover and a flywheel and in which means is provided for releasably coupling the flywheel to the gear chain for limiting or adjusting a torque transmitted thereto from V the flywheel.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section and in which stop means is provided for stopping the pipe rotating mechanism at a neutral or predetermined position, such stop mechanism being operated by power driven means.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a power driven rotary tongs for rotating one pipe section with respect to another pipe section and in which the tongs may be moved into and out of engagement with the pipe sections and operated to rotate one of the pipe sections with respect to the other pipe section without manual effort, other than by operating other control means which may be located at a point remote from the rotary tongs.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view with parts in section for greater clarity and showing a power driven rotary tongs constructed in accordance with this invention with the same being shown in inoperative position in full lines and in operative position in dotted lines;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary top plan view with parts broken away and in section for greater clarity and showing the jaw structure for engaging the pipe string;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 and showing a portion of the mecha nism for engaging the jaws with the pipe section to be rotated;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view with ports broken away and in section for greater clarity and showing the pipe engaging jaws, as well as the drive mechanism for rotating one section of pipe with respect to the other;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view with parts broken away and in section for greater clarity and showing the flywheel utilized to impart torque to the driving mechanism, together with means for limiting or adjusting the torque transmitted thereby; and
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view showing another aspect of the torque adjusting or limiting mechanism incorporated in the flywheel shown in FIG. 5.
With continued reference to the drawing, there is shown a power driven rotary tons which may well comprise a base 10 mounted on a pedestal 11 and if desired, the base It) may be provided with a sleeve 12 surrounding the pedestal 11 in order to provide for rotation of the base It) with respect to the pedestal 11, although such movement is not necessary unless it is desired to use the rotary tongs in one location for operation on several adjacent drill strings.
A carriage 13 is provided with elongated rails 14 which are slidably mounted on the base 10 in order to permit movement of the carriage 13 transversely of the base 10 and pedestal 11. A hydraulic cylinder 15 may be secured to the base 10 and slidable within the cylinder 15 is a piston 16 to which is connected a piston rod 17 which in turn is connected through a suitable coupling means 18 with the carriage 13. Consequently, operation of the hydraulic cylinder 15 serves to move the carriage l3 laterally of the base 10 from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string and in a manner to be later described.
With particular reference to FIG. 4, there is shown a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw 19 which may include a jaw body 20 mounted on the base 16, the jaw body 20 having a generally U-shaped opening as shown in FIG. 2 for receiving a lower pipe section during operation of the apparatus. Pipe engaging jaw pieces 21 are carried by the lower jaw body 20 and the jaw pieces 21 are connected to a yoke 22, the yoke 22 being connected to an arm 23 as shown in FIG. 2, and with the arm 23 being connected to the piston rod 24 of a hydraulic cylinder 25 pivotally mounted as at 26 on a bracket 27 secured to the base 1%. The jaw pieces 21 may be loo-sely held in position by suitable spring means 28 as shown in FIG. 4. The particular manner of mounting and actuating the jaw pieces 21 for engagement with the lower pipe section 29 is the same as for the upper jaws and jaw pieces which will be presently described and since the specific structure of such upper jaw pieces and the mounting therefor is shown in FIG. 2, it is believed that a description thereof will also suflice for a description of the specific mounting and operation of the lower jaw pieces 21.
Again referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, an upper pipe section engaging jaw 30 may well include an upper jaw body 31 having a generally U-shaped opening, as shown in FIG. 2, for receiving the upper pipe section 32 and provided in the upper body 31 are oppositely extending tapered surfaces 33 and 34 on opposite sides of the upper body 31 and pipe engaging upper jaw pieces 35 are provided with roller means 36 engaging the tapered surfaces-33 and 34 for a purpose to be presently described. An upper yoke .37 is connected to the upper jaw pieces 35.
A master gear 38 is rotatably mounted on the lower body 20 by means of rollers 39 and the master gear 38 frictionally engages the upper yoke 37 to drive the same.
The upper body 30 is coupled to the master gear 38 by suitable sliding pin means 40 which permit rotation of the upper body 30 by the maste gear 38 and at the same time, permits vertical movement of the upper body 35 as the upper pipe section 32 is screwed into or out of the lower pipe section 29.
As best shown in FIG. 3, the upper yoke 37 is provided with a ratchet tooth 41 and a plunger 42 is slidably mounted in the lower body 20 and a pawl 43 is carried by the plunger 42 for engaging the tooth 41 on the upper yoke 37. The plunger 42 may be connected through a suitable rod or linkage means 44 with a: hydraulic cylinder 45, FIGURE 4, which may be utilized for actuating the plunger 42 and for moving the pawl 43 into and out of engagement with the ratchet tooth 41. The operation of this mechanism will be later described.
The master gear 38 may be driven through a gear train which may include the gears 46, 47 and 48 which in turn are connected to a gear 451 meshing with a pinion gear 50 mounted on a drive shaft 51 which is coupled to a prime mover 52 which may be of any desired type, such as an electric or hydraulic motor. As best shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the drive shaft 53 of the prime mover 52 is coupled to a sleeve 54 by splines or other suitable coupling means 55 and the opposite end of sleeve 54 is provided with splines 56 or other suitable means for coupling the same to the drive shaft '51 carrying the pinion gear 50. Rotatably mounted on the sleeve 54 by suitable bearings 57 is a flywheel 58 and insofar as this mounting means is concerned, the flywheel 58 is freely rotatable on the sleeve 54.
Fixed to the sleeve 54 below the flywheel 58 is a disk 59 and carried by the disk 59 is an arcuate series of balls 60 which provide protuberances projecting above the up- -per surface of the disk 59 which the protuberances 60 facing the lower surface of the flywheel 58. An inclined bore 61 is provided in the flywheel 58 and disposed in the bore 61 is a compression spring 62, the lower end of which engages a plunger 63 which in turn engages a pawl .64 providing a detent projecting outwardly of the lower surface of the flywheel 58 and engaging the protuberances 60 on the disk 59. The opposite end of the spring 62 engages the plug 65 slidably received in the bore 61 and the plug 65 projects upwardly above the upper end surface of the flywheel 58 and engages a plate 66 carried by the flywheel 58 and the plate 66 may be adjusted to vary the tension on the spring 62 in order to vary the force by which the detent 64 engages the protuberances 60. By reason of this structure, the flywheel 58 will transmit torque to the disk 59 and drive shaft 51 by engagement of the detent 64 with the protuberances 60 and the degree of torque transmitted will be determined by the direction of rotation of the flywheel 58, since by reason of the inclination of the bore 61, the detent 64 will be disengaged from the protuberances 60 more easily when rotating in one direction than in the other and this mechanism is so disposed as to transmit the minimum amount of torque for tightening the pipe string and the maximum amount of torque for loosening or unscrewing one section of the pipe string from the other.
.In order to stop the upper jaw body 30 in a neutral position with the U-shaped opening therein in proper position to be received around the upper section 32 of the pipe string, there may be provided a recess 67 in the master gear 38 and a stop pin 68 is slidably mounted in the lower body member 20 and the stop pin 68 may be actuated by a fluid pressure cylinder 69 to move the same into and out of engagement with the recess 67.
In operation, the hydraulic cylinder 15 may be actuated to move the base 10 and mechanism carried thereby into alignment with the upper and lower pipe sections 32 and 29 and in such a manner that the pipe sections will be received within the upper and lower jaw bodies. The hydraulic cylinder 25 may then be actuated to move the lower jaw pieces 21 with respect to the tapered surfaces in the lower jaw body 20 to engage such jaw pieces 21 with the lower pipe section 29 to securely clamp and hold the same against rotation. The prime mover 52 may be energized to rotate the flywheel 58, drive shaft 51 and the gear train driving the master gear 38 in order to rotate the upper jaw body 30* and the yoke 37 until such time as this mechanism has obtained the desired rotational speed. At this time, the hydraulic cylinder 45 may be energized to actuate the linkage or rod 44 which in turn actuates the plunger 42 to move the pawl 43 into engagement with the ratchet tooth 41 thereby stopping rotation of the yoke 37 and upper jaw pieces 35 which will cause such jaw pieces to move with respect to the tapered surfaces 33 and 34 thereby moving the jaw pieces 35 into clamping engagement with the upper pipe see tion 32. The inertia of the flywheel 58 and rotating por tions of the apparatus will there-by rotate the upper pipe section 32 to screw the same into firm engagement with the lower pipe section 29 and upon the maximum torque being applied to the upper pipe section 32, in the event such maximum torque is exceeded, the detent 64 will move out of engagement with the protuberances 60 thereby permitting the flywheel 58 to rotate with respect to the disk 59 and drive shaft 51 which precludes breakage of the apparatus due to an excess of torque being applied. Upon completion of the pipe rotating operation the cylinder 69 may be energized to move the stop pin 68 into engagement with the recess 67 in the master gear 38 thereby positioning the U-shaped opening in the upper jaw body 30 in proper alignment for the base 10 and apparatus carried thereby to be moved transversely out of engagement with the pipe sections 29 and 32.
While the. apparatus of this invention has been shown and described as operating on a single pipe section, obviously, the base 10 and apparatus carried thereby may be rotated about the pedestal 11 to position the apparatus for engagement with other adjacent pipe sections in order to rotate the same for applying or separating pipe sections. It will, therefore, be seen that there has been provided by this invention a relatively simple, yet highly eflective power driven rotary tongs for operating upon pipe sections and in which all lateral strain on the pipe string has been eliminated and in which the torque applied to the pipe section may be conveniently limited to a predetermined value. Furthermore, all of the operations of the apparatus of this invention may be conveniently controlled from a remote location and the use of the apparatus requires substantially no manual operations whatsoever, aside from operating the necessary controls.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and therefore the invention is not limited by that which is shown in the drawings and described in the specification, but only as indicated in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, hydraulic means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging said surfaces, a yoke connected to said jaw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and hydraulic means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U- shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke connected to said upper jaw pieces, a master gear rotatably mounted on said lower body and frictionally engaging said upper yoke to drive the same, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, a ratchet tooth on said upper yoke, a plunger slidably mounted on said lower body, a pawl carried by said plunger, hydraulic means connected to said plunger for moving said pawl into engagement with said tooth to stop rotation of said upper yoke with respect to said master gear and upper body to move said upper jaw pieces into clamping engagement with said upper pipe section, a gear train for driving said master gear, a prime mover, a drive shaft connecting said prime mover and said gear train, a flywheel rotatably mounted on said drive shaft, a disk fixed to said drive shaft at one end of said flywheel, an arcuate series of protuberances on said disk facing said flywheel, a spring pressed detent in said flywheel releasably engaging said protuberances to transmit torque from said flywheel to said drive shaft, a recess in said master gear, a stop pin slidably mounted in said lower body for engaging said recess to stop said master gear in neutral position and hydraulic means for actuating said stop pin.
2. Power driven rotary tongs as defined in claim 1, in which the engagement of said spring pressed detent with said protuberances may be adjusted to vary the torque transmitted by said flywheel.
3. Power driven rotary tongs as defined in claim 1, in which the torque transmitted by said flywheel is different in one direction than in the other direction of rotation.
4. Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, hydraulic means for moving said carriage on said base, .a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging said surfaces, a yoke connected to said jaw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and hydraulic means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and said jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with the lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke connected to said upper jaw pieces, a master gear rotatably mounted on said lower body and frictionally engaging said upper yoke to drive the same, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, a ratchet tooth on said upper yoke, a plunger slidably mounted on said lower body, a pawl carried by said plunger, hydraulic means connected to said plunger for moving said pawl into engagement with said tooth to stop rotation of said upper yoke with respect to said master gear and upper body to move said upper jaw pieces into clamping engagement with said upper pipe section, a gear train for driving said master gear, a prime mover, a drive shaft connecting said prime mover and said gear train, a flywheel rotatably mounted on said drive shaft, a disk fixed to said drive shaft at one end of said flywheel, an arcuate series of protuberances on said disk facing said flywheel and a spring pressed detent in said flywheel releasably engaging said protuberances to transmit torque from said flywheel to said drive shaft.
5. Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, hydraulic means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging said surfaces, a yoke connected to said jaw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and hydraulic means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and said jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw-pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke connected to said. upper jaw pieces, a master gear rotatably mounted on said lower body and frictionally engaging said upper yoke to drive the same, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, a ratchet tooth on said upper yoke, a plunger slidably mounted on said lower body, a pawl carried by said plunger, hydraulic means connected to said plunger for moving said pawl into engagement with said tooth to stop rotation of said upper yoke with respect to said master gear and upper body to move said upper jaw pieces into clamping engagement with said upper pipe section, a gear train for driving said master gear, a prime mover, a drive shaft connecting said prime mover and said gear train, a flywheel rotatably mounted on said drive shaft and means to transmit torque from said flywheel to said drive shaft.
6. Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, hydraulic means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging said surfaces, a yoke connected to said aw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and hydraulic means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and said jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw pieces into clamping en gagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke connected to said upper jaw pieces, a master gear rotatably mounted on saidlower body and frictionally engaging said upper yoke to drive the same, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, means to stop rotation of said upper yoke with respect to said master gear and upper body to move said upper jaw pieces into clamping engagement with said upper pipe section, a gear train for driving said master gear, a prime mover, a drive shaft connecting said prime mover and said gear train, a flywheel rotatably mounted on said drive shaft and means to transmit torque from said flywheel to said drive shaft.
7. Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, oppositely extending tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said body, pipe engaging jaw pieces slidably engaging saidsurfaces, a yoke connected to said jaw pieces, an arm extending from said yoke and means connected to said arm for moving said yoke and said jaw pieces in either direction with respect to said surfaces to move said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke connected to said upper jaw pieces, a master gear rotatably mounted on said lower body and frictionally engaging said upper yoke to drive the same, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, means to stop rotation of said upper yoke with respect to said master gear and upper body to move said upper jaw pieces into clamping engagement with said upper pipe section, a gear train for driving said master gear, a prime mover, a drive shaft connecting said prime mover and said gear train, a flywheel rotatably mounted on said drive shaft and means to transmit torque from said flywheel to said drive shaft.
8. Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a gen eral-ly U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, pipe engaging jaw pieces in said body and means for moving said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, oppositely extending upper tapered surfaces on opposite sides of said upper body, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces slidably engaging said upper surfaces, an upper yoke connected to said upper jaw pieces, a master gear rotatably mounted on said lower body and frictionally engaging said upper yoke to drive the same, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, means to stop rotation of said upper yoke with respect to said master gear and upper body to move said upper jaw pieces into clamping engagement with said upper pipe section, a gear train for driving said master gear, a prime mover, a drive shaft connecting said prime mover and said gear train, a flywheel rotatably mounted on said drive shaft and means to transmit torque from said flywheel to said drive shaft.
9. Power driven rotary tongs comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement from an inoperative position to an operative position in alignment with a pipe string, means for moving said carriage on said base, a fixed lower pipe section holding jaw on said base and including a jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said lower pipe section, pipe engaging jaw pieces in said body and means for moving said jaw pieces into clamping engagement with a lower section of pipe, an upper pipe section engaging jaw rotatably mounted on said base in alignment with said lower jaw and including an upper jaw body having a generally U-shaped opening for receiving said upper pipe section, pipe engaging upper jaw pieces carried by said upper body, a master gear rotatably mounted on said lower body, drive means connecting said upper body and said master gear, means to move said upper jaw pieces into clamping engagement with said upper pipe section, a gear train for driving said master gear, a prime mover, a drive shaft connecting said prime mover and said gear train, a flywheel rotatably mounted on said drive shaft and means to transmit torque from said flywheel to said drive shaft.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,450,934 Calhoun Oct. 12, 1948 2,509,854 Wilson May 30, 1950 2,518,398 Stone Aug. 8, 1950 2,544,639 Calhoun Mar. 13, 1951 2,615,681 True Oct. 28, 1952 2,639,894 Smith May 26, 1953 2,646,966 Lindberg July 28, 1953 2,668,689 Cormany Feb. 9, 1954 2,737,839 Paget Mar. 13, 1956 2,784,626 Paget Mar. 12, 1957 2,850,929 Crookston et al. Sept. 9, 1958 2,862,690 Mason Dec. 2, 1958 2,871,743 Kelley Feb. 3, 1.959 2,923,192 Montgomery et al. Feb. 2, 1960
US846765A 1959-07-13 1959-07-13 Automatic stationary rotary tongs Expired - Lifetime US3025733A (en)

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Cited By (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3131586A (en) * 1960-05-11 1964-05-05 Wilson John Hart Mechanism for making up and breaking out screw threaded joints of drill stem and pipe
US3144794A (en) * 1961-06-26 1964-08-18 Foster James Lewis Power driven sucker rod wrench
US3463037A (en) * 1967-09-20 1969-08-26 Shell Oil Co Power-torque pipe tongs
US3505913A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-04-14 Byron Jackson Inc Power tong crane
US3541897A (en) * 1968-06-07 1970-11-24 Herbert D Horton Power tubing tongs
US3923092A (en) * 1973-02-02 1975-12-02 Schloemann Siemag Ag Apparatus arranged after a continuous casting installation for releasing a thread-like casting connection
DE2645839A1 (en) * 1976-03-30 1977-10-13 Eckel Mfg Co FORCE-OPERATING PLIERS
DE2618877A1 (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-10 Christensen Inc DEVICE FOR KONTAKING AND BREAKING THE THREADED CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE PIPE BODIES OF PIPE AND DRILLING STRINGS AND DRILLING TOOLS FOR DEEP DRILLING
US4060014A (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-29 Joy Manufacturing Company Power tong
US4326435A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-04-27 Guillot Preston F Hydraulic power tong
US4445402A (en) * 1982-02-25 1984-05-01 Farr Oil Tool, Inc. Power tong and back-up tong assembly
US4494425A (en) * 1983-03-21 1985-01-22 Shewmake Sr Hollis G Backup tong
US4574664A (en) * 1984-07-23 1986-03-11 Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc. Powered back-up tongs
DE3541922C1 (en) * 1985-11-27 1987-01-08 Weatherford Oil Tool Pipe socket screwing machine
US5060542A (en) * 1990-10-12 1991-10-29 Hawk Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for making and breaking joints in drill pipe strings
US5758553A (en) * 1995-01-19 1998-06-02 Perry; Robert G. Break down tong apparatus
US20090229422A1 (en) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Westco International, Inc. Reversible torque back-up tong
US9988863B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2018-06-05 Titan Torque Services Limited Apparatus and method for connecting components

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US2509854A (en) * 1945-06-13 1950-05-30 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fluid heating apparatus
US2544639A (en) * 1946-01-14 1951-03-13 Ingram X Calhoun Hydraulic tongs
US2450934A (en) * 1946-05-25 1948-10-12 Ingram X Calhoun Well pipe handling apparatus
US2518398A (en) * 1946-08-22 1950-08-08 Standard Oil Dev Co Apparatus for spinning pipe
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US2615681A (en) * 1950-03-27 1952-10-28 Standard Oil Dev Co Device for handling pipes
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Cited By (20)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3131586A (en) * 1960-05-11 1964-05-05 Wilson John Hart Mechanism for making up and breaking out screw threaded joints of drill stem and pipe
US3144794A (en) * 1961-06-26 1964-08-18 Foster James Lewis Power driven sucker rod wrench
US3463037A (en) * 1967-09-20 1969-08-26 Shell Oil Co Power-torque pipe tongs
US3505913A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-04-14 Byron Jackson Inc Power tong crane
US3541897A (en) * 1968-06-07 1970-11-24 Herbert D Horton Power tubing tongs
US3923092A (en) * 1973-02-02 1975-12-02 Schloemann Siemag Ag Apparatus arranged after a continuous casting installation for releasing a thread-like casting connection
DE2645839A1 (en) * 1976-03-30 1977-10-13 Eckel Mfg Co FORCE-OPERATING PLIERS
DE2618877A1 (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-10 Christensen Inc DEVICE FOR KONTAKING AND BREAKING THE THREADED CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE PIPE BODIES OF PIPE AND DRILLING STRINGS AND DRILLING TOOLS FOR DEEP DRILLING
FR2349724A1 (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-25 Christensen Inc DEVICE FOR SCREWING AND UNSCREWING ELEMENTS WITH THREADED FITTINGS
US4060014A (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-29 Joy Manufacturing Company Power tong
US4326435A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-04-27 Guillot Preston F Hydraulic power tong
US4445402A (en) * 1982-02-25 1984-05-01 Farr Oil Tool, Inc. Power tong and back-up tong assembly
US4494425A (en) * 1983-03-21 1985-01-22 Shewmake Sr Hollis G Backup tong
US4574664A (en) * 1984-07-23 1986-03-11 Eckel Manufacturing Co., Inc. Powered back-up tongs
DE3541922C1 (en) * 1985-11-27 1987-01-08 Weatherford Oil Tool Pipe socket screwing machine
US5060542A (en) * 1990-10-12 1991-10-29 Hawk Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for making and breaking joints in drill pipe strings
US5758553A (en) * 1995-01-19 1998-06-02 Perry; Robert G. Break down tong apparatus
US20090229422A1 (en) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Westco International, Inc. Reversible torque back-up tong
US7685910B2 (en) * 2008-03-12 2010-03-30 Westco International, Inc. Reversible torque back-up tong
US9988863B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2018-06-05 Titan Torque Services Limited Apparatus and method for connecting components

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