US3021213A - Photographic materials and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Photographic materials and method of producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3021213A
US3021213A US728048A US72804858A US3021213A US 3021213 A US3021213 A US 3021213A US 728048 A US728048 A US 728048A US 72804858 A US72804858 A US 72804858A US 3021213 A US3021213 A US 3021213A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion
silver halide
polyvinylpyrrolidone
added
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US728048A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dersch Fritz
Stanley P Popeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GAF Chemicals Corp
Original Assignee
General Aniline and Film Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE577232D priority Critical patent/BE577232A/xx
Application filed by General Aniline and Film Corp filed Critical General Aniline and Film Corp
Priority to US728048A priority patent/US3021213A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3021213A publication Critical patent/US3021213A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
    • G03C1/053—Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/136—Coating process making radiation sensitive element

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic materials and to methods of preparing them. More particularly, this invention relates to light-sensitive silver halide emulsions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen as a stabilizing and antifogging agent, to methods of producing the emulsions and coating them on a base, and to the so-coated base.
  • an object of this invention to produce a light-sensitive emulsion which is fast, stable, has a reduced tendency to fog and has good contrast.
  • a further object of this invention resides in a lightsensitive emulsion which contains a compound which stabilizes the emulsion against fogging and at the same time does not materially reduce the speed and/or the contrast of the emulsion.
  • a still further object of this invention is to provide a light-sensitive emulsion containing therein polyvinyl-pyrrolidone-halogen as an antifogging and stabilizing agent.
  • a polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen such as polyvinylpyrrolidone-idine (see U.S.P. 2,- 739,922) or polyvinylpyrrolidone containing chlorine or bromine and iodine (see U.S.P. 2,754,245)
  • a polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen such as polyvinylpyrrolidone-idine (see U.S.P. 2,- 739,922) or polyvinylpyrrolidone containing chlorine or bromine and iodine (see U.S.P. 2,754,245)
  • U.S.P. 2,754,245 polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen
  • the photographic film or paper after being coated with the emulsion, is held for a predetermined time at elevated temperature and at high humidity.
  • the antifogging agent of our invention When the antifogging agent of our invention is added to the emulsion, no loss of speed is caused by the incubation test. Sometimes, when very high concentrations of the antifogging agent of our invention are used, there will be some loss of speed when the emulsion is tested immediately after coating it on the film or paper. However, after incubation, the emulsion regains its original speed but retains its reduced tendency to fog.
  • the antifogging agent of our invention may be added to the emulsion at any stage during its process of production. Thus, it may be added as a ripening fina or as a coating final. When added as a ripening final, it is added during the ripening or sensitivity increasing stage of the emulsion making process. Such addition may be made before, during or after the addition of the soluble silver salt to the soluble halide in the presence of a suitable colloid, such as gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, solubilized case- States Parent 0 3,021,213 Patented Feb. 13, 1962 ice in or albumin. When added as a coating final, the antifogging agent of our invention is added to the emulsion just prior to coating it on a suitable support such as glass, paper or film at a time when the emulsion has nearly attained its maximum sensitivity.
  • a suitable support such as glass, paper or film
  • the anti fogging and stabilizing compound of our invention in a separate layer such as an undercoating layer or in an antiabrasio'n gelatin surface.
  • a separate layer such as an undercoating layer or in an antiabrasio'n gelatin surface.
  • the polyvinylpyr rolidone halo'gen is preferably added to the emulsion in an amount ranging from 1 milligram to milligrams per 0.4 mol of silver halide and when used as a coating final" it is preferably added in an amount ranging from 10 milligrams to 1 gram per 0.4 mol of silver halide.
  • the optimum amount to be added depends primarily on the type of emulsion and should be determined individually in each case.
  • the polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen of our invention may also be used in combination with known antifoggants and stabilizers.
  • the antifoggant of our invention can also be used in combination with sensitizers such as sulfur, metal and reduction sensitizers as' well as with accelerators such as the polyoxyethylenes (see U.S.P. 1,970,578) and their derivatives and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • novel antifoggant of our invention may be used with various types of photographic emulsions, such as nonsensitized orthochromatic, panchromatic and X-ray emulsions, paper emulsions and color emulsions.
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen we prefer to use as an antifoggant is polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine.
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine This is a known compound, and while its chemical structure has not been definitely established, it is known to contain a substantial quantity of iodine which is presumed to be bound to polyvinylpyrrolidone in a manner similar to the manner in which iodine is bound to starch.
  • the halogen concentration may range from 2 to 35%.
  • Example A silver halide emulsion in gelatin was prepared in a conventional manner and brought up to its maximum light sensitivity.
  • the silver halide used to form the emulsion consisted of 4% silver iodide and 96% silver bromide.
  • the emulsion was then readied for coating, and finals, such as sensitizing dyes, stabilizers and hardening agents were added.
  • a 1% solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine in water was prepared and added in varying amounts to samples of the emulsion as an antifoggant and stabilizer. Each sample contained about .4 mol of silver halide.
  • the so-prepared emulsion samples were each coated on a suitable cellulose ester base and dried. These coated film samples were then exposed in a Type IIB Sensitometer and developed in a developer of the following composition:
  • a ripened light-sensitive emulsion comprising a silver halide dispersed in a photographic colloid to which has been added, after formation of the silver halide, from 1 to 300 milligrams of polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen per .4 mol of silver halide as an antifogging and stabilizing agent.
  • a light-sensitive photographic element comprising a base and a coating of gelatino-silver halide emulsion thereon to which emulsion has been added, after formation of the silver halide, 1 to 300 milligrams of a polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen as an antifogging and stabilizing agent.
  • a light-sensitive element comprising a base, a layer of a silver halide emulsion thereon, and a separate layer containing polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine adjacent said firstmentioned layer, said last-mentioned layer serving as an antifogging and stabilizing compound for said emulsion.
  • a process of forming a photographic emulsion having a reduced tendency to fog which comprises producing an emulsion by first forming a dispersion of silver halide in a photographic colloid and thereafter ripening the emulsion and during said ripening adding a polyvinylpyrrolidone-halogen thereto.
  • a process of forming a light-sensitive photographic element having a reduced tendency to fog which comprises forming a gelatino-silver halide emulsion, ripening said emulsion, coating said emulsion on a base and add ing polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine to said emulsion just prior to the coating thereof on said base.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US728048A 1958-04-14 1958-04-14 Photographic materials and method of producing the same Expired - Lifetime US3021213A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE577232D BE577232A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1958-04-14
US728048A US3021213A (en) 1958-04-14 1958-04-14 Photographic materials and method of producing the same

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US728048A US3021213A (en) 1958-04-14 1958-04-14 Photographic materials and method of producing the same

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US3021213A true US3021213A (en) 1962-02-13

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3505067A (en) * 1967-03-16 1970-04-07 Gaf Corp Alkylated poly-n-vinyl-lactam stabilized silver halide emulsions
USH1127H (en) 1987-08-31 1993-01-05 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic material

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2476536A (en) * 1947-11-18 1949-07-19 Gen Aniline & Film Corp 1, 3, 5-triazines as stabilizing agents for silver-halide emulsions
US2699391A (en) * 1950-01-11 1955-01-11 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Synthetic polypeptides of alpha-amino acids as restrainers in photographic emulsions
US2754245A (en) * 1954-09-23 1956-07-10 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Interhalogen adducts of polyvinyl pyrrolidone

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2476536A (en) * 1947-11-18 1949-07-19 Gen Aniline & Film Corp 1, 3, 5-triazines as stabilizing agents for silver-halide emulsions
US2699391A (en) * 1950-01-11 1955-01-11 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Synthetic polypeptides of alpha-amino acids as restrainers in photographic emulsions
US2754245A (en) * 1954-09-23 1956-07-10 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Interhalogen adducts of polyvinyl pyrrolidone

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3505067A (en) * 1967-03-16 1970-04-07 Gaf Corp Alkylated poly-n-vinyl-lactam stabilized silver halide emulsions
USH1127H (en) 1987-08-31 1993-01-05 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic material

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Publication number Publication date
BE577232A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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