US3019A - Hatching chickens - Google Patents

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4 Sheets-Shet 2. lN. E. GUERIN. x Egg Hatching Apparatus.

No. 3,019. Patented March 3011843-,

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EggHatching Apparatus. No. 3,019. Patented March 30.1843.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 4. N. E. GUERIN. l f

Egg Hafhng Apparatus.

Y a Patented March l30', 1843.

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HATCHING CHICKENS.

Specification of Letters Patent ANo. 3,019, dated March 30 method of rearing the. chickens,.: after the' hatchingof the eggs, in an ovenas herein described.

Severalattempts have been made to `hatch eggspby artificial. means, and to rear .thez

chickens thus produced. The first of these operations has been successful, .but` all ef-: forts .torear the .chickens have been h1ther-e tofruitles's; from the circumstances that those who made .the experiments considered the chicken as an animal which was endowed with thefac'ulties yof locomotion and of` sight, and was also enabled A.to partake of-r food from the moment of itsbirtln and under this impression all that was. neces sary,or deemed so, wasto protect the' young birds from the inclemencyV of the weather,

and they were accordingly'kept in heated apartments without air. .Although the' chicken is a bird which is easily reared,

since it is able-to eat, as it were,nat the;

momentA it breaks its shell, still it must be admitted that. there are also certain requisites whicli are indispensable-toits existence, namely, air andheat judiciously combined. If-t'he Lattempts above alluded. to had been effectedA by men of observation, .residing in the country, they would havedoubtless been more success-ful in their undertakings, as it:` is extremely probable that they would-have observed the method adhered to by the:

farmers wife,fwhe'n by some mishap a. newly hatched. brood of chickens are deprived of:

chicken, they willV merely answer that they p do Anot know why .this preference to any other seen their mothers follfo and meet with. similari,A observer will, at .once way in.- which the. hens quately supplied; we aly the chickens. on the them ina cool state," eve its parent, while 'thehe pursued in wou-ld'be impossible .to im eifectually, since the chic air from below andA warm above.

` Drawing No) I. Groumlplaaof a lnailclz'ng fofl the articz'allralchz'ng of seven thou# san-cl five liunclrecl eggsl (7,500) amlream'ng the c/Lzolcen daring. 25h-eV )tf/st month-'0f its @manned-.A A A A, hatching oven'with eight divisions, for the .reception of twenty four drawers, three. ineach. .division and placed one above the other, each ydrawerfto contain from threehundred andthirteen to three hundred andnfourteen` :eggs (313 -to 314). B .B B VB,'nests for` the. chickensl to sleep in; these are arranged alongthe whole apartment, the hatching,v oven. being. placed on the' top ofthe nests-aon one .side of the 85 apartment- C the steam. boilerf- D D D D steamv pipes for heating the oven. and .the upper part of the. nests. E E E cross. pieces l to supportthe steam pipesw. F' masonrwork ofthe boiler.. G, iiuezofithelboilerf- H 90 stream of water which traverses. the .length of thev building.; this is to water the chickens and is kept verycleangzit must be constantly renewed. TheV space lbetween. the-` four ranges of nests .is '.pavedwith-brick, `and is used. as a yard for the chickens..

Drawing N 0`. II.. Desem'besy the. length aml wz'ghtof the 0mmfor halclm'ng-.-V A sectional p1an,or .view .of the-ovenaccording tothe 'line O4 O of the groundplan, so as to admit: of beingseen.inallfitsparts; B the nests under the oven.A D steam pipes; There are nine of these in the oven, and they are placed bythrees over each drawer; the heat does not bear `directly upon the eggs ;a piece ofstout cotton 'duck isplaced where there Vis a red painted `line inzthe plan, which absorbs the heat atv first and then: gives; it I familiarized.

out equally i to contain thfe parts by a whereby a va s eggs and the :bo ing ilo. Hlagi The oven for hatching the apartment where the same lette indicated r 1v t f o' the same parts as those preceding drawings. P rnal air into the conduit and which yconveys it Itwill be noticed that thebottomof the nests mensions; the smaller ones valve land the larger are are nearer?.

the most @i from it; thebbject is to distributefr4 r equally under the mat.

Q front iuew`-of one of the sides of the nests. R openings or doors for the ingress and egress of the chicken; these doors are concealed by split pieces of colored cotton or worsted stuffs. This arrangement allows the chicken to pass to and fro freely as it would have done under the care of the hen, by moving her feathers to one side or the other. S front view of the drawers for hatching with openings concealed as the preceding, by slit pieces of colored stuffs on a level corresponding with that of the mat. The dotted line shows the elongation added to each drawer the first day that the chickens are hatched. The black line or mark, on a level with the vacant space left between the mat and the bot-tom of the drawer, shows the holes which are unstopped on the same day to admit the air. The following eX- plains this: The chicken must not be touched, the first day nor even during haltl the second day that it is hatched. rl`hey are to remain in their respective drawers, the elongation or lengthening of the drawers forms a gallery where the young bird may take exercise, passing between the slit colored stuffs already mentioned the air which passes through the mat aiords the means of respiration to those chickens who are not disposed to take exercise. The chickens become accustomed to the particular color of the stu; they recognize it as the color of their parent. When the period has arrived for their removal from the drawers to the apartment where the nests are, they are not at a loss which nest to select, but proceed` at once to that with which they have become This shows that the color of 'ng the first montar-The i each side of the nests must correspond to that of the drawers where the chickens were hatched. Y

Drawing N0. [17. General plan, of the tm'ZcZ'ngs.-No. l, room where the chickens are hatched and where they remain duringV t-he first month. The letters correspond to the preceding plan and point out the oven,

the nests and the spotwhere the boiler isplaced. No. 2, apartment where the chickens are keptduring the second Vand Vthird month; the nests are arranged around the whole room; they are no longer heated by the steam of the boiler but derive the necessary warmth from small furnaces placed at the four angles of the room, by means of which the water is heated for the steam to obtain a fresh brood as soon as the chickens are a month old. When they have obtained that age they are removed to the next room, in order that the newlyy hatched ones may occupy their place; for this purpose, sliding doors are placed Z Z and thus 'divide room No. l from Nos. 2 and 3. As soon as they are removed by this simple contrivance, the sliding door is replaced as before and the rooms are again separated. As soon as the chickens of the second hatching have remained one month in room No. l, the sliding door is again withdrawn, but to pass'them in room No. 3. No. 2 begins now to be progressively 'diminished and small perches are placed in the room, for many chickens at that age, prefer to roost rather than to sleep in the nests.

The third set of eggs having been hatched,

the chickens of No. 2v are by -this time three v months old, and are therefore of a proper age to be transferred to the yard with roosting places; the small perches are thenre-v moved to room No. 3, where the chickens are now two months old. The chickens of the third set of eggs are now removed to No. 2, those of the fourth set to No. 3, andso on during the year. Thus it will be seen that the chickens are not removed t-o the yard before they are three months old; the heat Y during the third month which has beenV gradually diminishing and the perches to which they have become accustomed enables them to bear the change or removal to the yards where they are to remain until they Y are sold.

X X large roosting places, built at the two ends of the building; they are divided A -K lengthwise in two parts and the yard isV similarly partitioned olf kso as to contain chickens of the same age, in orderthat when 1 y y 130 i l the time of selling them arrives, it may be easy to select from any brood. Without this precaution it would be impossible to make a proper selection. Y

lVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. The mode of giving and distributing the heat derived from the steam pipes, as well upon the eggs in the hatching oven, as upon the chickens in the nests.

2. The plan of making the colors of the slit pieces of cotton or worsted stuff of the hatching drawers correspondwith the sides of the nests in the apartmentswhere similar slit pieces are used. Y

3. The elongation or lengthening of the drawers, and admitting of air at the moment the birds break their shells.

4. The mode of purifying the air under the nests by the admitting of vital air during the three first months of the chickens` existence and before it can live in open yards without danger.

5. The method of keeping the chickens in two apartments, one on the right and the other on the left side, of the apartment where thehatching takes place and where it may thus be continued without any interruption.

6. Finally, the drawings, the specifications and the model explain and show these new arrangements or dispositions, which have not, to my knowledge, been used or adopted in any of the countries where the artificial hatching and rearing of chickens has been attempted.

N. E. GUERIN.

In witness of- EDW. BAYER, LAURENCE KENNEDY.

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