US3017234A - Electromagnetic printer - Google Patents

Electromagnetic printer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3017234A
US3017234A US588450A US58845056A US3017234A US 3017234 A US3017234 A US 3017234A US 588450 A US588450 A US 588450A US 58845056 A US58845056 A US 58845056A US 3017234 A US3017234 A US 3017234A
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United States
Prior art keywords
character
pulse
printer
recording
projections
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Expired - Lifetime
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US588450A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lyne S Trimble
Michael J Markakis
Jerome L Nishball
Merton C Leinberger
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NCR Voyix Corp
National Cash Register Co
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NCR Corp
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Priority to US588450A priority Critical patent/US3017234A/en
Priority to GB15073/57A priority patent/GB833724A/en
Priority to BE557808D priority patent/BE557808A/is
Priority to FR739487A priority patent/FR1225627A/fr
Priority to CH4664557A priority patent/CH385519A/fr
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Publication of US3017234A publication Critical patent/US3017234A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
    • G06K15/14—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by electrographic printing, e.g. xerography; by magnetographic printing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G19/00—Processes using magnetic patterns; Apparatus therefor, i.e. magnetography
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • Another object of the invention resides in the provision of means to encode information received from the source equipment employing, in the preferred embodiment, a substitution code easily and rapidly changed by the operator of the printer without affecting the operation of the source equipment.
  • a feature associated with this object is an unlimited number of character matrices (configurations), the number of characters contained in each matrix being a function of the number of different meaningful codes which can be set up as inputs to the printer.
  • the substitution code may arrange to affect the distribution of characters in the matrix and consequently the character actually printed in response to a code transmitted by the computer.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the overall arrangement of the components for performing the print-
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a portionof the drum .sur-- face showing the two types of projections provlded,
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional View of the drum of the recorder Showing the path of the magnetic field for recording.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the wave-shaping circuitry provided for generating timing signals.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the character counter.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the sweep counter of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 9 to l2 are diagrams of hip-flops N1, P1, Q1; and M1 together with the logical equations defining they grid triggering networks therefor.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph of waveforms for explaining the operation of the N1 Hip-flop.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show the networks for generating'v propositions used by the character counter and print control circuit.
  • FIG. 16 shows the network of the transfer circuit of.
  • FIG. 2 which generates signal R.
  • FIG. 17 shows the network for generating the sum S,l used by the transfer circuit.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematicdiagram of the cathode ray ⁇ tube horizontal deflection circuitry.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the cathode ray tube' vertical defiection circuitry.
  • FIG. 20 is a plan View of a preferred form of mask indicating how the individual characters areas thereof are identified by row and column.
  • FIG. 21 is a table showing how the code set up inl the computer output register flip-flops L1 to L6 select the desired character area of the mask.
  • FIG, 22 shows a portion of the cathode ray tube screen and how an area thereof corresponding positionally to a character area on the mask is scanned by the electron beam.
  • FIG. 23 is an enlarged view of the portion of the mask of FIG. 20 showing how the horizontal and vertical defiection circuits effect coverage of the character area.
  • FIG. 24 is an enlarged View of a portion of the mask representing the character area for the character A.
  • FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of characters as printed on the paper by the system of the invention.
  • FIG. 26 contains graphs of the phototube output voltage as the character A is scanned.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the phototube signal shaping circuitry.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the circuitry for selecting and ydriving the recording bars.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of the circuitry used to energize the paper move relays.
  • FIG. 30 is a graph depicting the activity of printer components with relation to successive revolutions of the drum.
  • FIG. 31 shows a schematic view of the dust inker and drier.
  • FIG. 32 shows the paper take-up mechanism in perspec- ⁇ tive.
  • the printer of the present invention will first be generally described by reference to FIG.' 1, showing an over-A all view of the printer in perspective, with emphasis on the physical arrangement of its component parts.
  • the principle employed by the presentinvention to produce visible and legible print at high [speed is basically magnetic, although under electronic control.
  • lThus codes comprising groups of electrical signals originating from lan external digital source, such as a digital processor, are set up on conductors of cable 103. These coded signals are .transmitted in response to timing signals Cc vgenerated as a result of association between magnetic head 108b and character timing track #2 provided on rotating drum 101.
  • the groups of coded signals are received serially by converter 300 which serves to convert each group to deflection potentials for positioning electron beam 146 of cathode ray tube 132.
  • Converter 300 also provides additional detlection'potentials in ⁇ response to timing signals Cs generated by the association of magnetic head 10811 With'the sweep timing track #1. This additional deection causes beam 146 to scan a small area of screen ⁇ 134 of tube 132.
  • Converter 300 in its preferred form, is capable of recognizing a maximum of 64 different signal groups from the ysource to Vaccordingly produce 64 different types or kinds of pulse sets or trains.
  • Each pulse train is utilized in recorder 3.01 to energize one or the other of electromagnetic recording heads, designated bar #l and bar #2, positioned adjacent magnetically sensitized paper 114. Selection between bar #l and bar #2 is made in accordance with the positional location on a line of paper 114 to be recorded with the character.
  • Bars #l and #2 are so aligned that the magnetic eld issue therefrom is directed to 'perpendicularly pass through paper 114; and in order to confine the magnetic eld to the position on the line of paper where Vthe character is to be recorded, means are 'provided to concentrate the lield for each character section along a succession of narrow parallel paths ex tending longitudinally on paper 114 a distance approximately equal to the height of the print desired.
  • the means so provided comprises a plurality of magnetically conductive recording projections 107 attached to the surface .of rotating drum 101 along a helical path.
  • the start of a printing cycle of the drum is made with reference to timing signals Cg generated by head 108e associated with cycle timing track #3.
  • paper 114 is stationarily positioned between drum 101 and bars #l and #2. Upon completion of the printing of one line of sixty characters, paper 114 is moved by action of a pair of relays 120I and continuously rotating shaft 115- so as to be positioned for printing the next line.
  • Paper 114 is then passed through inker 302 wherein the latent image is made visible.
  • Inker 302 comprises dusting chamber 179 ⁇ which receives an air stream by way of duct 18011. 'This air stream was previously mixed with resimcoated magnetizable particles as it passed through reservoir 198; thus, upon expanding in dusting chamber 179, it produces a low velocity cloud 181 of black magnetizable resin-coated particles which surrounds paper 114. A high density of particles is attracted to the surface of paper 114 where the characters have been magnetically formed.
  • infra-red lamp drier 182 which employs heat to melt the resin'coating of the particles to a gluelike consistency which, upon cooling, hardens and seals the particles to paper 114, thereby contributing permanence to the characters.
  • Take-up mechanism 202 operates to provide tautness to the paper as it is conveyed through inker 302.V
  • FIG. 2 showing a simplitied block diagram of the functionally prominent electrical circuitry and devices which cooperate to produce the latent character images, together with relevant units of a digital computer, selected as an input device therefor.
  • the operating system of computer 90 contemplated for use with the preferred embodiment of printer 100 of the presen-t invention, is well known in the art as providing for sequencing through step operations in accordance with a prescribed program of instructions. Step operations in the tiow may be controlled by a program counter 91.
  • This technique conveniently sets up outputs from program counter 91 unique to the program; and, for an instruction which directs transmission of stored information to printer 100, for instance, a step operation may cause the corresponding output of program counter 91 to be conveyed to printer v100 as a star-t signal S on line 93.
  • Start signal S energizes electrical networks in print control circuit 124, which, in turn, activates character counter 125 to count, thereby readying printer components for the receipt of coded information.
  • Selected count outputs from character counter 125 cause transfer circuit 128 ⁇ to signal readiness to print by means of a ready signal R sent toy computer by line 94.
  • computer networks control ythe program counter 91 to cause computer 90 to enter a portion of its ow which sequentially resets output register 92 sixty times, each reset in response to an additional ready signal vR sequentially received from transfer circuit 128.
  • Each setting of output register 92 corresponds to a coded information character to be printed on one line of paper 1 14.
  • compu-ter 90 may automatically repeat these step operations to provide for printing of further lines.
  • the code corresponding to the next character to be printed is set up by computer 90 in its output register 92, here comprising, in the main, ip-tlops L1 to L6.
  • This code may represent characters of any desired nature: alphabetic, numeric, symbolic, punctuation, ete. In the embodiment to bc described, up to 64 different character codes may be ernployed.
  • the codes ⁇ are received by deflection circuits 131 and 136 by way of lines 95 and 96, respectively, and converted to deilection voltages for electron beam 146 of cathode ray tube 132.
  • the deflection voltages direct beam 146 to a location on phosphorescent screen 134 of tube 132 and additional deflection voltages, generated by ⁇ deflection circuits 131 and 136 in response to sweep timing signals Cs, cause ⁇ beam 146 to repetitively sweep vertically at spaced horizontal positionsto form a raster 133.
  • Beam 146 thus covers a ldifferent rectangular area on screen 134 for each character code. The sweep is fro-m top to bottom of raster 133 and ten successive Y 12 inches in diameter and 12 inches wide.
  • the area covered by raster 133 conforms to the area of mask 135 which may be occupied by a corresponding character. This arrangement thus causes light to be transmitted through mask 135 as pulses of various durations, .as beam 146 sweeps successive sections of the selected area.
  • Phototube 139 converts the impinging light energy to corresponding electrica-1 pulse signals which are amplified and shaped by signal shaping circuit 158 and employed to energize one or the other of the magnetic recording bars, designated bar #1 and bar #2, as selected by bar selector circuit 129.
  • Recording means provided by the invention comprise a continuously ro- .tating drum 101 containing the small recording projections 107 of magnetic material arranged in a helical path around the drum circumference.
  • Recording bars #l and #2 are in close proximity to drum 101 such that the direction of bar magnetic flux lines is toward drum 101.
  • Magnetizable paper 114 is intermittently fed, by means of paper move relays 120 as controlled by paper move circuit 157, to pass between the bars and drum 101 Asuch that paper 114 is stationary when bars #1 and #2 are recording, and moving to position a new line for printing after 60 characters have been recorded.
  • Drum recording projections 107 serve as iield concentra/tors to heavilymagnetize paper 114 in lines perpendicular to its surface.
  • the preferred arrangement of recording projections 107 is in groups, each group accomplishing the formation of a single character at a particular area on a line of paper 114.
  • the 60I ycharacters on a line are formed by coincidence of electrical pulses in bars #1 or #2 with the successive traversal of the corresponding recording projections 107 between drum 101 and paper 114.
  • a magnetic recording of a character is formed at a position on a line on paper 114 by a coincidence of electrical signals in recording bar #l or #2 and the traversal thereunder of the group of iield concentrator projections 107 on drum 101 corresponding to the positional location on the line.
  • the three repetitive clock pulse signals Cs, Cc, and Cg are generated as outputs from shaping circuits 110 from inputs received from magnetic heads 10811, 108i), and 108C sensing the passage of projections 106 arranged on drum 101 in three circumferential tracks, designated the sweep timing track #1, the character timing track #2, and the cycle timing track #3, respectively.
  • Drum 101 shown in perspective in FIG. 2 and in plan View in FIG. 3, is in constant rotation in the direction ⁇ indicated by the arrow on the right end thereof by a motor (not shown) or the equivalent, operating by way of drive 102.
  • Drum 101 is cast of a material, such as aluminum, having properties with little or no effect on magnetic fields, and in the preferred embodiment is about
  • Protruding from circumferential surface 105 of drum 101 are a plurality of projections extending outwardly to a height of approximately 1A; inch. These projections are formed of magnetic material and, in physical configuration, are of two types, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • Each timing projection 106 is similar to a gear tooth, being about lt inch long and positioned, as shown, with the longitudinal dimension perpendicular to the direction of motion of rotating drum 101.
  • l Reference to FIG. 3 will show that 350 timing projections 106 are provided on the rightmost track #1. It is to be noted that the projections 106 in this track are arranged in groups of l0, the projections in each group being evenly spaced. The separation 270 between groups slightly exceeds the separation 271 between projections 106 within a group. Reference to FIG. 3 also shows that 35 timing projections 106 are evenly spaced about central track #2.
  • the distance 272 between a projection 106 of track #2 and the last preceding projection 106 of a group of track #l is equal to the separation 271 between projections ⁇ 106 within a Igroup of track #1.
  • a projection 106 of track #2 is displaced a slight distance 273 ahead of the first projection 106 of a group on track #1.
  • recording projections 107 which are cylindrical in elevation, are disposed around the periphery of drum 101 along a helical path.
  • the rightmost portion of the helical path contains 350 recording projections 107; this portion of the helical path is effective during the iirst revolution of the printer cycle.
  • the leftmost portion of the helical path contains 250 recording projections 107. This latter portion of the helical path is effective during the second revolution of the printing cycle.
  • each printing cycle includes two revolutions of the drum and defines the time during which a line on the paper is printed.
  • the recording projections 107 are arranged in groups of ten, as shown, each group corresponding to a character to be printed, and each group is laterally displaced from its neighbors by a space 275, as shown. Each group effects the printing of one character and the lateral spacing 275 between groups provides for spacing between characters.
  • the 60 groups effect the printing of 60 characters on one line of paper, the groups being identified in FIG. 3 in accordance with the character designations. It is further noted that each recording projection 107 in the helical path is laterally aligned with one of the timing projections 106 on track #1, and that the last group (corresponding to the 60th character) ends shortof the position of projection 106 of track #3 by a distance equivalent to that required by ten groups. Reasons for this arrangement will be given at a later time.
  • timing projections 106 are formed by an acid etching process on a ferrous metal band 329 which is then forcibly pressed in place over a recessed portion 330 at the right end of drum 101.
  • Recording projections 107 are press fitted into holes 331 appropriately drilled in drum 101.
  • head 108e is thus associated with track #1.
  • head 10811 is of the reluctance type having a permanent magnet 280 withV an air gap 281 containing a pointed stylus 282 on which is wound a coil 283.
  • Head 108a operates such that a change in reluctance of gap 281 due to proximity between the apex of a timing projection 106 and magnet 280 generates an electrical signal in coil 283.
  • the signal is carried by line 109, for the exemplary case, to shaping circuit 110 (FIG.
  • Pulses Cc and Cg are similarly generated using the other two tracks #1 and #3, and are also employed for timing Various operations 'of printer 100. It may briefly be noted with reference to these pulses, however, that for each drum revolution,
  • cycle pulse Cg is generated once, character pulse Cc is generated 35 times, and sweep pulse Cs is generated 350 times; further, that due to the spacing of projections 106 pulse C'g is generated slightly in advance of a pulse Cc and that lpulses Cc are generated slightly in advance of the iirst pulse Cs of a group. It is with reference to these pulses that printer components are synchronized. Thus it follows that sequential operations of printer 100 are in synchronism with drum revolutions.
  • the recording projections 107 traverse the area suspended by the pair of positionally fixed, identical magnetic heads, labelled bar #l and bar #2; the projections effective during the iirst revolution of a cycle traverse beneath bar #l and a portion of bar #2, and those effective during the second revolution of a cycle traverse beneath bar #2.
  • These bars shown in perspective in FIG. 3
  • Apex 153 of triangular portion 112 is ground flat, the width being slightly less than the distance between projections 11317.
  • These bars comprise electromagnets, which, when energized by coil current, due to the orientation of apex 153 of triangular Vportion 112, concentrate their magnetic fields towards surface 165 of drum 101.
  • a more intense concentration of field occurs, of course, in the interstice between apex 153 and therapex of a passing projection y1117. It is this latter concentration of field that contributes to the formation of a character on paper 114.
  • the width of apex 153 being less than the separation between projections 107, only one projection 1417 can be directly below a bar at a time and thus be effective to record.
  • the width of apex 153 limits the height of a character. It may falso be noted at this time that a line of 6() characters is printed in -two revolutions of drum 101 on paper 114, stationarily positioned during recording between the bars and surface 105, the first revolution causing the printing of the first through the 35th characters by cooperation of the recording projections 1117 and both bars, and the second revolution causing the printing ofV the 36th through the 60th characters by cooperation of the recording projections 107 and bar #2. It may be pointed out that the second revolution includes a ten character print time delay during which paper 114 may be shifted for printing a next line.
  • the last five characters, the 31st to 35th, recorded may be regarded as an overlap. It has been determined that the field resulting from electrical energization in a bar extends beyond the area of the'bar and, particularly, into the area of the other bar a distance of approximately lthirty times the distance between recording projections 107. Thus, regarding FIG. 3, if the right end of bar #2 were to be traversed by recording projections 107 during the recording of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd characters, the eld of bar #l extending below bar #2 would produce a duplicate recording of these characters at the area of paper later to be recorded by energizing bar #2 at Ithe beginning of the second revolution of the printing cycle.
  • tube 170 is cut off and tube 171 is conducting heavily.
  • Pulse 169 being positive with reference tothe ground return of tube 170, at some point of its leading edge, causes tube 170 to start conducting.
  • the resulting decrease in plate potential of tube 170 is impress-eden the grid of tube 171 through network 332, and theY increased voltage drop across common cathode resistor 172 causes a steep rise in the plate potential of tube 171.
  • the conduction in tube 170 is sharplycut off at a point on the trailing edge of pulse 169.
  • the output of trigger circuit 165 is squared pulse 173 having a time duration approximately equal to that between triggering amplitudes of pulse ⁇ 169.
  • Pulse 17,3 is coupled to one-shot 166, which, being in a condition such that tube 1741 is normally cut off and tube 17'5 is normally conducting, produces in this case a pulse output corresponding to the leading edge only of pulse 173.
  • ri ⁇ he output, pulse 176 isvin phase with pulse 173 and, as is well known, has a duration as established by the time constant of the one-shot circuitry, here approximately 5 microseconds.
  • ⁇ Pulse 176 is conveyed to twostage driver-amplier 167, where it is amplified, inverted, and clamped between the potentials +100 v. and -l25 v. to give the output pulse CS which, in tube 178, is also amplified, inverted, rand clamped between +100 v. and v. to give the output pulse Cs.
  • Character counter 125 is shown in block form in FIG. 7 to comprise seven flip-Hop circuits, A1 to A7, coacting by virtue of diode network 127 to produce 61 outputs, S0 to S59 and SX.
  • the count output of character counter 125 is arranged to change on receipt of input pulse NlC,J from print control circuit 124 (FIG. 2). With momentary reference to FIG. 3, it may be noted that the outputs S0 S3., occur during the first revolution of a Vprinting cycle as the first 35 characters are beingV printed,V
  • the outputs S35 S59 occur during the second revolution of a printing cycle as the remaining 25 characters are being printed Yand the output Sx occurring at all other times, i.e., during the ten character-time hiatus Yreserved for shift-ing paper 114 from printing the next line V(following the count S59) and during quie'scence as defined hereinafter.
  • Selected outputs from character ⁇ counterV 125 are fed as inputs to print 'control circuit 124, transfer circuit 123, and bar selector circuit 129, to be discussed later.
  • sweep counter 4-126 foperates through its counting cycle as the group of 10 projections 107 corresponding -to a character traverses past bar #1 or bar #2.
  • the outputs lfrom sweep counter 126 are fed to horizontal deflection circuit i131 wherein they act to position electron beam 146 of cathode ray tube 132 to permit scanning of successive sections of raster 133.
  • Sweep counter 126 is shown in block -form in FIG. 8 to comprise four iiip-op circuits, B1 to B4, coacting by virtue of diode network 130 to produce 10 sequential output counts To, T1 T9, respectively, the output being arranged to change on receipt of successive pulses Cs.
  • Table I summarizes the activity of sweep counter 126. It may be observed that the output counts have been selected with regard to symmetry of the states of the llipops in combination. The reasons for this type of selection will be made apparent in connection with a discussion of horizontal deection circuit 131.
  • the first of these signals is start pulse S, on line 93, which is generated as an output count of program counter 91 when the iirst operation in the program read out to printer is accomplished, and is received by print control circuit 124.
  • Print control circuit 124 is energized by the start pulse S to cause character counter 125 to change its output from the static count Sx and sequence through its count cycle.
  • the outputs S to S58 and Sx of character counter 125 are conveyed to transfer circuit 128 wherein they are logically multiplied by output N1 of flip-flop N1 and pulses Cc.
  • the resulting signal is sequentially transmitted by line 94 to program counter 91, and is effective to advance the program whereby output register 92, comprised mainly of Hip-flops L1 to L6, is sequentially set up with codes representing characters for which printing is to be done.
  • output register 92 comprised mainly of Hip-flops L1 to L6, is sequentially set up with codes representing characters for which printing is to be done.
  • ip-ilops L1 to L6 are reset with a new character code only in response to receipt by program counter l91 of a pulse R, transmitted by transfer circuit 128 only when printer 100 is [ready therefor, as for instance, after the printing of a prior character has been completed. For the printing of one line of -60 characters, sixty R pulses are transmitted.
  • the pulse Cc after the transmission of the last pulse R, is identified by -print control circuit 124 which acts to stop the printing process and energize paper move circuit 157 to cause paper 114 to be shifted ahead for printing of the next line.
  • the last pulse R is also identitiied by program counter 91 which acts to cause computer 90 to re-enter the ⁇ first operation in the program read out -to printer if additional character codes are available in the computer memory, or, otherwise, to enter a routine in the program which identities the next command to be executed.
  • the third type of signal transmitted on lines 95 and 96 from output register 92 on receipt of pulse -R from transfer circuit 128, comprises the binary code representing information Stored in the computer memory. Up to ⁇ 64 codes can be handled in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • computer sets up ilip-iiops L1 to L6 to represent the code of a character.
  • the 12 output lines from ilip-ilops L1 to L6, labelled in FIG. 2 as L1, L1', L2, L2', Le, L6', in combination represent the code ot a character.
  • Six of the lines, combined as line 96, are energized by the outputs from flip-flops L1, L2, and L3, and are received by vertical deflection circuit 136.
  • Deflection circuits 1311 and 136 operate to deflect electron beam 146 of cathode ray tube 132 to impinge on tube screen 134 at the area, one of the 6-4 character areas, determined by the code presently set up in flip-flops L1 to L6, and, additionally, provide deection voltages comprising l0 different horizontally deecting potentials and l0 vertically deflecting sweep potentials, respectively.
  • the states of flip-ilops L1 to L6, presented in FIG. 2l will be shown to select a character area of mask 135 by row and column, in connection with a discussion of that iigure hereinafter.
  • the present printer employs the ip-flop type of bistable state circuit for control of various of its ope-rations, the ilip-iiops being designated as follows:
  • Flip-flop Q1 denes the time interval between receipt of start pulse S from computer 90 and the printing of the last character of a line.
  • Flip-flop N1 defines the two revolutions of drum 101 which comprise the printing cycle.
  • Flip-Hop M1 controls switching between the two recording bars #l ⁇ and #2.
  • Flip-flop P1 controls the enerigization to paper move relays 120.
  • Flip-Hops A1 to A7, inclusive, function, as shown rin connection with FIG. 7, ⁇ as binary stages vfor character counter 125.
  • Flip-flops B1 to B4, inclusive function, as shown in connection with FIG. 8 vand Table I, as binary stage for sweep counter I126.
  • -flip-ilop N1 is triggered into a true state, i.e., output N1 is at +125 v., by an -input n1; and into a false state, i.e., output N1 is at +125 v., by an input 0n1.
  • output N1 is at +125 v., by an input 0n1.
  • Networks are arranged to respond to these voltages, which may thus be considered to represent the binary values one and zero, respectively.
  • a schematic diagram of the preferred form of flip-op here designated ip-llop N1
  • the circuit Iin includes tubes 234 and 235 intercoupled by networks such yas network 237.
  • the plate In eac-h tube, the plate is connected to a +225 v. supply through a resistor such V'as resistor 238; the grid is connected to a -300 v. supply through a resistor such as resistor 239, and the cathode is grounded.
  • n1 N.1'Q1M1'Cf,r
  • the curves Vof FIG. 13 illustrate the tniggering of flip- ⁇ iiop N1 in accordance with the n1 equation.
  • Line I repre- -sentspuls'e MlCg which, it will be recalled, occurs-once -for each revolution ⁇ of drum 101 and is the output of the logical and.gate ⁇ shown in FIG. 15.
  • -It is thus ythe pulse 1M1Cg that determines when an effective true input n1 (-line IV) will be generated.
  • flip- Aliop lN1 will be triggered true only by ya negative-going pulse applied to its true grid. This pulse occurs, as shown fin -line fV, :when input n1 sharply drops to a low potential at the ⁇ fall of pulse MlCg.
  • line VI shows, outputNl'swings to +125 v.
  • Logical 'sum ⁇ networks such as or gate 246 ⁇ of FIG. 12,are also well known -to ope-rate to produce lan output,
  • print control circuit 124 operates, on receipt-of a start-pulse S from the computer, to produce a series of ⁇ pulses NlCc which is' fed to character counter 125, which, in turn, responds by changingits output-from quiescent count SX to .com-
  • the equationy q1 S59Ccoperates to set iiipl1 flop Ql-false when the last character lof alineis printed, ⁇ thereby returning theprin-ter to the quiescent state.
  • the true output N1 ofiflipilop N1 is seen to be combined in an and gate with pulse CC to form the logical product NiCc, representing a pulse which is generated 35 times for each revolution of drum 101.
  • These pulses arefed to character counter 125 (FIG. 2), which is triggered thereby to 'produceits cyclical output counts.
  • transfer circuit 128 emits the pulse R online 94 informing vcomputer 90 that printer is ready to receive the next character code, and thus causes flip-flops Llvto L6 to be reset.
  • the selected outputsof character counter 125 used to Aform term S,l will befurtherdiscussed with reference to FIG. V30, and it will be shown that' the selected outputsare individually effective totime the transmission of a pulse R to computer 91).
  • deflection circuits 131 and-136 willnext "be discussed.
  • both deection circuits -generate voltages ⁇ which affect beam 1460i tube 132 at the position on screen 134 determined inthe vertical direction vby the setting of liip-liops L1 to L3 and in the hori- ⁇ zontal directionl by the setting of Hip-flops L4 to L6.
  • Vertical deflection circuit 136 generatesten linear-vertical sweep voltages'for beam 146, one to correspond to each of theten Cs pulsesreceived during the timewlren the ten projections ⁇ 107 corresponding to a character are traversing recording bar #l or #2.
  • the sweep voltages are of equal amplitude and period and, as shownin the enlargement of a portion of screen 134 of FIG. 23, ⁇ the beam traces which they produce are displaced from each other an incremental distance as determined by horizontal displacement voltages generated by horizontal dciiection circuit-131.
  • horizontal deection circuit 131 generates ten incremental displacement voltages for beam 146, one to correspond to each ⁇ of the ten count outputs To to T9, receivedfrom sweep counter 126. These :voltages are D.C. and operate to position sweeps ⁇ generated by vertical deflection circuit 136 small incremental horizontaldistances such thatfthe rstsweep (see FIG. 23) generated'fora character is positioned near the left side of the character-area, the second is positioned to ⁇ the'right of therst, etc.,'the tenth sweep being positioned near the right side of the character area.
  • Screen 134 may be considered to be divided so.as ⁇ to accommodatefin its centralportion, a square raster cornprised of -64 smaller-characteriarea rasters 133.
  • character area rasters 133 may be laid out in an eight .by ⁇ eight matrix, the columns corresponding to vertical deflection of beam 146 and the rows corresponding.
  • Vand may be referenced to mask 13S shown'in FIG. 20'. It follows thato'ut- .put from verticaldeflection circuit 136 (FIG...2) will position beam '146 Iat ⁇ a row (FIG.'20) and that theoutput lfromhorzontal deflection circuit 131 will position beam 146 atacolumn (FIG. 20). Thus bearn146-will be positioned to a particular character area, the selection being a function of the states of flip-flops L1 to L6. The selection is illustrated in FIG. 2l, whereit isseen that, since flip-flops L1v -to L3'feed into vertical deflection circuiti-136,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
US588450A 1956-05-31 1956-05-31 Electromagnetic printer Expired - Lifetime US3017234A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US588450A US3017234A (en) 1956-05-31 1956-05-31 Electromagnetic printer
GB15073/57A GB833724A (en) 1956-05-31 1957-05-13 Electromagnetic printer
BE557808D BE557808A (pt) 1956-05-31 1957-05-25
FR739487A FR1225627A (fr) 1956-05-31 1957-05-27 Appareil d'enregistrement de données
CH4664557A CH385519A (fr) 1956-05-31 1957-05-28 Dispositif d'impression, notamment pour machine à calculer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US588450A US3017234A (en) 1956-05-31 1956-05-31 Electromagnetic printer

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US3017234A true US3017234A (en) 1962-01-16

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US588450A Expired - Lifetime US3017234A (en) 1956-05-31 1956-05-31 Electromagnetic printer

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US (1) US3017234A (pt)
BE (1) BE557808A (pt)
CH (1) CH385519A (pt)
FR (1) FR1225627A (pt)
GB (1) GB833724A (pt)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208075A (en) * 1963-12-23 1965-09-21 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Electronic waveform character generator
US3302563A (en) * 1965-06-03 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Ink feeding mechanism for electrostatic printing systems
US3302579A (en) * 1965-08-25 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic printing with oscillating screen frame and dual printing at a single station
US3302560A (en) * 1965-06-11 1967-02-07 Mousanto Company Semi-automatic electrostatic printing system having moving screen
US3302580A (en) * 1965-08-25 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic printing with rotating screen frame and plural print stations
DE1497019B1 (de) * 1962-12-07 1969-11-13 Borg Warner Mit Pulver fuer elektrostatische Druckverfahren befuellbares Gehaeuse
US3517647A (en) * 1967-06-26 1970-06-30 Western Electric Co Coating apparatus including means to shape surface of coating bed
US3638566A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-02-01 Singer General Precision Stencil recording apparatus
US3810190A (en) * 1970-08-28 1974-05-07 Heller W Magnetic through-field apparatus and process for printing by imbedding particles in a record medium
US3943847A (en) * 1974-08-07 1976-03-16 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. High speed printing apparatus
US4097871A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-06-27 General Electric Company Transverse recording head for magnetic printing
US4613874A (en) * 1984-07-30 1986-09-23 Trimble Lyne S Magnetic printing
US8875544B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2014-11-04 Johns Manville Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use
US11292288B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2022-04-05 Ut-Battelle, Llc Superhydrophobic transparent glass (STG) thin film articles

Citations (18)

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US2035475A (en) * 1933-02-21 1936-03-31 Donald L Hay System of recording
US2378388A (en) * 1942-01-01 1945-06-19 Brush Dev Co Recording and reproducing device
US2416090A (en) * 1943-02-17 1947-02-18 Baldwin Locomotive Works Strain measuring and recording apparatus
US2596741A (en) * 1948-08-28 1952-05-13 Eastman Kodak Co External memory device for electronic digital computers
US2615992A (en) * 1949-01-03 1952-10-28 Rca Corp Apparatus for indicia recognition
US2679636A (en) * 1952-03-25 1954-05-25 Hillyer Curtis Method of and apparatus for comparing information
GB733484A (en) * 1951-04-27 1955-07-13 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to methods of and apparatus for recording and portraying information
US2726287A (en) * 1952-08-16 1955-12-06 Rca Corp Cross-talk prevention system
US2736770A (en) * 1952-06-25 1956-02-28 Gen Dynamics Corp Printer
US2738499A (en) * 1952-06-28 1956-03-13 Ibm Apparatus for identifying line traces
US2754360A (en) * 1951-12-24 1956-07-10 Ibm Character synthesizer
US2763204A (en) * 1955-05-11 1956-09-18 Sperry Rand Corp Magnetic printer
US2766444A (en) * 1953-09-01 1956-10-09 Eugene H Sheftelman Electronic character displaying apparatus
US2771505A (en) * 1953-07-21 1956-11-20 Marchant Res Inc Readout devices
US2771596A (en) * 1950-06-02 1956-11-20 Cook Electric Co Method and apparatus for recording and reproducing data
US2784392A (en) * 1952-02-07 1957-03-05 Bull Sa Machines Data recording system
US2807663A (en) * 1950-10-02 1957-09-24 Rca Corp Electronic character selecting and/or printing apparatus
US2820956A (en) * 1956-04-03 1958-01-21 Ibm Magnetic printing machine

Patent Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2035475A (en) * 1933-02-21 1936-03-31 Donald L Hay System of recording
US2378388A (en) * 1942-01-01 1945-06-19 Brush Dev Co Recording and reproducing device
US2416090A (en) * 1943-02-17 1947-02-18 Baldwin Locomotive Works Strain measuring and recording apparatus
US2596741A (en) * 1948-08-28 1952-05-13 Eastman Kodak Co External memory device for electronic digital computers
US2615992A (en) * 1949-01-03 1952-10-28 Rca Corp Apparatus for indicia recognition
US2771596A (en) * 1950-06-02 1956-11-20 Cook Electric Co Method and apparatus for recording and reproducing data
US2807663A (en) * 1950-10-02 1957-09-24 Rca Corp Electronic character selecting and/or printing apparatus
GB733484A (en) * 1951-04-27 1955-07-13 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to methods of and apparatus for recording and portraying information
US2754360A (en) * 1951-12-24 1956-07-10 Ibm Character synthesizer
US2784392A (en) * 1952-02-07 1957-03-05 Bull Sa Machines Data recording system
US2679636A (en) * 1952-03-25 1954-05-25 Hillyer Curtis Method of and apparatus for comparing information
US2736770A (en) * 1952-06-25 1956-02-28 Gen Dynamics Corp Printer
US2738499A (en) * 1952-06-28 1956-03-13 Ibm Apparatus for identifying line traces
US2726287A (en) * 1952-08-16 1955-12-06 Rca Corp Cross-talk prevention system
US2771505A (en) * 1953-07-21 1956-11-20 Marchant Res Inc Readout devices
US2766444A (en) * 1953-09-01 1956-10-09 Eugene H Sheftelman Electronic character displaying apparatus
US2763204A (en) * 1955-05-11 1956-09-18 Sperry Rand Corp Magnetic printer
US2820956A (en) * 1956-04-03 1958-01-21 Ibm Magnetic printing machine

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1497019B1 (de) * 1962-12-07 1969-11-13 Borg Warner Mit Pulver fuer elektrostatische Druckverfahren befuellbares Gehaeuse
US3208075A (en) * 1963-12-23 1965-09-21 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Electronic waveform character generator
US3302563A (en) * 1965-06-03 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Ink feeding mechanism for electrostatic printing systems
US3302560A (en) * 1965-06-11 1967-02-07 Mousanto Company Semi-automatic electrostatic printing system having moving screen
US3302579A (en) * 1965-08-25 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic printing with oscillating screen frame and dual printing at a single station
US3302580A (en) * 1965-08-25 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Electrostatic printing with rotating screen frame and plural print stations
US3517647A (en) * 1967-06-26 1970-06-30 Western Electric Co Coating apparatus including means to shape surface of coating bed
US3638566A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-02-01 Singer General Precision Stencil recording apparatus
US3810190A (en) * 1970-08-28 1974-05-07 Heller W Magnetic through-field apparatus and process for printing by imbedding particles in a record medium
US3943847A (en) * 1974-08-07 1976-03-16 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. High speed printing apparatus
US4097871A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-06-27 General Electric Company Transverse recording head for magnetic printing
US4613874A (en) * 1984-07-30 1986-09-23 Trimble Lyne S Magnetic printing
US11292288B2 (en) 2010-10-08 2022-04-05 Ut-Battelle, Llc Superhydrophobic transparent glass (STG) thin film articles
US8875544B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2014-11-04 Johns Manville Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB833724A (en) 1960-04-27
FR1225627A (fr) 1960-07-01
BE557808A (pt) 1960-03-11
CH385519A (fr) 1964-12-15

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