US3011959A - Anode assembly - Google Patents

Anode assembly Download PDF

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US3011959A
US3011959A US87974A US8797461A US3011959A US 3011959 A US3011959 A US 3011959A US 87974 A US87974 A US 87974A US 8797461 A US8797461 A US 8797461A US 3011959 A US3011959 A US 3011959A
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body portion
anode
metal object
hull
electrolyte
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US87974A
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Edward P Anderson
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Engelhard Industries Inc
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Engelhard Industries Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/10—Electrodes characterised by the structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/18—Means for supporting electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
    • C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an anode assembly for use in connection with cathodic protection systems for metal structures wetted by an electrolyte as e.g., ship hulls, metal tanks or the like and, more particularly, to such an anode consisting of a disc of metal, preferably platinum or its alloys, supported by a fiat body portion of plastic material, e.g. polyester resin, and secured to the metal structure to be cathodically protected.
  • an electrolyte as e.g., ship hulls, metal tanks or the like
  • an anode consisting of a disc of metal, preferably platinum or its alloys, supported by a fiat body portion of plastic material, e.g. polyester resin, and secured to the metal structure to be cathodically protected.
  • polyester resins frequently reinforced by fiber glass, as customarily used for the supporting structure of such anodes, show an appropriate combination of mechanical, chemical and dielectric properties suitable for the purpose.
  • caustic soda is formed as a decomposition product of sea water by the current used in cathodic protection, and the caustic soda attacks the polyester resin of the anode structure.
  • the studs are welded and, therefore, electrically connected to the hull.
  • Anodes of the kind described are customarily mounted flush against a neoprene blanket which, in turn, is mounted on the hull.
  • the points of exposure of the studs to sea Water are surrounded by plastic material maintained in close contact with the blanket, whereby the sea water, when it has penetrated into the annular spaces surrounding the studs, is practically stagnant and, as a consequence, the concentration of generated caustic soda is comparatively high thereby causing deterioration of the plastic support.
  • spacing members are mounted between the plastic anode support and the wetted surface of the hull, which is generally covered by a neoprene blanket.
  • a channel is formed for the electrolyte, which is sea water in the case of ship hulls, to circulate around substantially all surfaces thereof, thereby washing away any caustic soda generated in the vicinity of the plastic support, for example on the surfaces of the steel studs securing the plastic support in place.
  • such spacing members consist of projections upon the surface of the plastic support facing the metal object to be protected, e.g., a ship hull.
  • FIGURE 1 is a top view of one embodiment of an anode assembly
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross section through the center of the anode of FIGURE 1.
  • a lead-in conductor 8 passing through a center bore 19 of the supporting body portion 6 electrical connection is made between the anode disc 4 and the positive pole of the current source of the cathodic protection system located within a ship to be protected.
  • the conductor 8, passing through a center bore in the disc 4, is welded 0r secured thereto as at 12, or in any other suitable manner to assure electrical contact.
  • the circular ring portion of the support surrounding the recess and the disc 4 is provided with, for example, six bores 14 and counterbores 16 which receive the studs to secure the support 6 to a ship hull.
  • Plastic discs 18 are fitted into the counterbores to increase the electrical resistance between the platinum anode 4 and the studs.
  • the electrolyte is passed along substantially the whole of each surface of the body portion 6. This condition was not obtained before since anodes of the described type were mounted flush against the ship hull, generally against a neoprene blanket thereon.
  • the present invention provides spacing members inserted between the hull or the neoprene blanket on one side, and the surface of the body portion 6 on the other side.
  • the spacing members which are preferably pro jections on the surface of the body portion facing the hull, cover only a portion of the entire surface, providing a channel between the anode and the hull whereby the generated caustic soda is washed away by electrolyte passing through the channel.
  • the spacing members consist of three ring shaped bosses 20 surrounding three of the stud holes 14.
  • a further or another spacing member is represented by three raised strips 22 radially arranged toward the stud holes and including the area'thereof. This arrangement serves at the same time to mechanically reinforce the plastic body portion 6.
  • spacing members may be used alone for one anode support 6.
  • one embodiment of the invention would include three or six rings 20 forming the spacing members, with the raised strips 22 being omitted.
  • the plastic support 6 may be provided with the raised strips 22, but without the rings 20.
  • a further projection 24 may be provided at the center of the anode assembly on the surface facing the hull and cooperates with the current lead-in device mounted on the ship hull.
  • anode assembly for cathodically protecting a metal object wetted by an electrolyte wherein a substantially fiat body portion of insulating material which supports the metallic anode is secured to the wetted surface of the metal object
  • the improvement which comprises means including spacing members mounted between the body portion and the surface of the metal object for maintaining substantially the whole of each surface of the body portion in contact with the electrolyte, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the metal object surface and the body portion.
  • anode assembly for cathodically protecting a metal object wetted by an electrolyte wherein a substantially fiat body portion of insulating material which supports the metallic anode is secured to the wetted surface of the metal object, the improvement which corn-' prises means including projections upon the surface of the body portion facing the metal object for maintaining substantially the whole of each surface of the body portion in contact with the electrolyte, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the metal object surface and the body portion.
  • a corrosion resistant sheet metal anode mounted on the hull in an essentially parallel relationship therewith, and means for both spacing said support from the hull and providing a separating zone between said support and the hull, said zone being open to communicate with the surrounding space, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the hull surface and the insulating plastic support.
  • anode assembly for c'athodically protecting metal objects wetted by an electrolyte wherein a substantially fiat body portion of insulating plastic material which supports the metallic anode and has stud holes therein is secured to the wetted surface of the metal object by studs
  • the improvement which comprises bosses on the surface of the body portion facing'the metal object, the bosses surrounding-the stud holes and maintaining the insulating material body portion in spaced relationship to the metal object surface, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the metal object surface and the body portion.
  • anode assembly for cathodically protecting metal objects wetted by an electrolyte wherein a'substantially fiat body portion of insulating plastic material which supports the metallic anode and has. stud holes therein is secured to the wetted surface of the metal object, the improvement which comprises raised strips radially arranged toward the stud holes on the surface of the body portion facing the metal object, the strips including the area adjacent the stud holes and said strips maintaining the insulating material body portion in spaced relationship to the metal object surface, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the metal object surface and the .body portion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)

Description

Dec. 5, 1961 E. P. ANDERSON ANODE ASSEMBLY Filed Feb. 8, 1961 FIG. I
FIG.2
I Imam INVENTOR.
EDWARD P. ANDERSON United States Patent Ofiice 3,011,959 Patented Dec. 5, 1961 3,011,959 ANODE ASSEMBLY Edward P. Anderson, Livingston, N.J., assignor to Engelhard Industries, Inc., Newark, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Feb. 8, 1961, Ser. No. 87,974 6 Claims. (Cl. 204-147) This invention relates to an anode assembly for use in connection with cathodic protection systems for metal structures wetted by an electrolyte as e.g., ship hulls, metal tanks or the like and, more particularly, to such an anode consisting of a disc of metal, preferably platinum or its alloys, supported by a fiat body portion of plastic material, e.g. polyester resin, and secured to the metal structure to be cathodically protected.
The polyester resins, frequently reinforced by fiber glass, as customarily used for the supporting structure of such anodes, show an appropriate combination of mechanical, chemical and dielectric properties suitable for the purpose. However, in the case of ship hulls which are constantly exposed to sea water, caustic soda is formed as a decomposition product of sea water by the current used in cathodic protection, and the caustic soda attacks the polyester resin of the anode structure. Where anode assemblies of this or similar materials are secured to the hull by studs, the studs are welded and, therefore, electrically connected to the hull. Whenever sea water comes into contact with the studs, decomposition of the sea water occurs and caustic soda is generated. The caustic soda attacks and damages the polyester. Anodes of the kind described are customarily mounted flush against a neoprene blanket which, in turn, is mounted on the hull. The points of exposure of the studs to sea Water are surrounded by plastic material maintained in close contact with the blanket, whereby the sea water, when it has penetrated into the annular spaces surrounding the studs, is practically stagnant and, as a consequence, the concentration of generated caustic soda is comparatively high thereby causing deterioration of the plastic support.
It has been found that the damage to the plastic anode support can be elfectively prevented by passing the electrolyte across the front and rear surfaces thereof.
In accordance with the present invention, spacing members are mounted between the plastic anode support and the wetted surface of the hull, which is generally covered by a neoprene blanket. By inserting spacingv members between the body portion of the anode support and the hull, or its blanket, respectively, a channel is formed for the electrolyte, which is sea water in the case of ship hulls, to circulate around substantially all surfaces thereof, thereby washing away any caustic soda generated in the vicinity of the plastic support, for example on the surfaces of the steel studs securing the plastic support in place.
According to one embodiment of the invention, such spacing members consist of projections upon the surface of the plastic support facing the metal object to be protected, e.g., a ship hull.
The invention will be further illustrated 'by reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
FIGURE 1 is a top view of one embodiment of an anode assembly, and
FIGURE 2 is a cross section through the center of the anode of FIGURE 1.
A disc 4 of noble metal, preferably of platinum or an alloy thereof, having a diameter of about 7 inches, is mounted in a circular recess, having tapered Walls, provided in the body portion or support Gfabricated from plastic material, suitably a polyester resin, and having a substantially flat, circular shape. By means of a lead-in conductor 8 passing through a center bore 19 of the supporting body portion 6, electrical connection is made between the anode disc 4 and the positive pole of the current source of the cathodic protection system located within a ship to be protected. The conductor 8, passing through a center bore in the disc 4, is welded 0r secured thereto as at 12, or in any other suitable manner to assure electrical contact.
The circular ring portion of the support surrounding the recess and the disc 4 is provided with, for example, six bores 14 and counterbores 16 which receive the studs to secure the support 6 to a ship hull. Plastic discs 18 are fitted into the counterbores to increase the electrical resistance between the platinum anode 4 and the studs.
According to the invention, the electrolyte is passed along substantially the whole of each surface of the body portion 6. This condition was not obtained before since anodes of the described type were mounted flush against the ship hull, generally against a neoprene blanket thereon. The present invention provides spacing members inserted between the hull or the neoprene blanket on one side, and the surface of the body portion 6 on the other side. The spacing members which are preferably pro jections on the surface of the body portion facing the hull, cover only a portion of the entire surface, providing a channel between the anode and the hull whereby the generated caustic soda is washed away by electrolyte passing through the channel.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawing, the spacing members consist of three ring shaped bosses 20 surrounding three of the stud holes 14. A further or another spacing member is represented by three raised strips 22 radially arranged toward the stud holes and including the area'thereof. This arrangement serves at the same time to mechanically reinforce the plastic body portion 6.
It will be apparent that either one or the other type of spacing members may be used alone for one anode support 6. In other words, one embodiment of the invention would include three or six rings 20 forming the spacing members, with the raised strips 22 being omitted. In accordance with another embodiment, the plastic support 6 may be provided with the raised strips 22, but without the rings 20.
It should be noted that with the provision of three or six rings 20, one continuing space remains between the support '6 and the hull of the ship, so that sea water may freely circulate around practically all of the surfaces of the support. Referring to the embodiment shown by the raised strips 22, three separate compartments are formed between the support and the hull by the Y-shaped structure formed by strips 22. It has been found that in spite of the fact that only one, and mostly two, of the compartments are under a direct influence of the streaming sea water, a washing action actually occurs even in the compartment facing in a direction opposite to the flow of sea water. This action is due to internal friction by which the Water contained Within the compartment is entrained into movement by the water flow along both sides of the compartment.
Spacing members in the form of the rings 20 or the raised strips 22, as well as the combination of both as shown in FIGURE 1, have been found to be advantageous, since they permit the anode assembly to adapt more easily to the curved shape'of ship hulls.
A further projection 24 may be provided at the center of the anode assembly on the surface facing the hull and cooperates with the current lead-in device mounted on the ship hull.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications may be made Within the scope of the prescut invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 714,998, filed February l3, 1958 and now abandoned.
What is claimed is:
1. In an anode assembly for cathodically protecting a metal object wetted by an electrolyte wherein a substantially fiat body portion of insulating material which supports the metallic anode is secured to the wetted surface of the metal object, the improvement which comprises means including spacing members mounted between the body portion and the surface of the metal object for maintaining substantially the whole of each surface of the body portion in contact with the electrolyte, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the metal object surface and the body portion.
2. In an anode assembly for cathodically protecting a metal object wetted by an electrolyte wherein a substantially fiat body portion of insulating material which supports the metallic anode is secured to the wetted surface of the metal object, the improvement which corn-' prises means including projections upon the surface of the body portion facing the metal object for maintaining substantially the whole of each surface of the body portion in contact with the electrolyte, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the metal object surface and the body portion.
3. In an anode assembly for the cathodic protection of the hull of a ship, a corrosion resistant sheet metal anode, a fiat insulating plastic support for said anode mounted on the hull in an essentially parallel relationship therewith, and means for both spacing said support from the hull and providing a separating zone between said support and the hull, said zone being open to communicate with the surrounding space, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the hull surface and the insulating plastic support. a
4. In an anode assembly for c'athodically protecting metal objects wetted by an electrolyte wherein a substantially fiat body portion of insulating plastic material which supports the metallic anode and has stud holes therein is secured to the wetted surface of the metal object by studs, the improvement which comprises bosses on the surface of the body portion facing'the metal object, the bosses surrounding-the stud holes and maintaining the insulating material body portion in spaced relationship to the metal object surface, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the metal object surface and the body portion.
5. In an anode assembly for cathodically protecting metal objects wetted by an electrolyte wherein a'substantially fiat body portion of insulating plastic material which supports the metallic anode and has. stud holes therein is secured to the wetted surface of the metal object, the improvement which comprises raised strips radially arranged toward the stud holes on the surface of the body portion facing the metal object, the strips including the area adjacent the stud holes and said strips maintaining the insulating material body portion in spaced relationship to the metal object surface, whereby the electrolyte is allowed to circulate between the metal object surface and the .body portion.
6. In a method for cathodically protecting a metal ship hull wetted by sea water wherein a positive potential is impressed upon an anode supported by a body portion of insulating plastic material, the improvement whichcomprises, during the impressing of the positive potential upon the anode, maintaining the insulating plastic material body portion in spaced relationship to the ship hull surface, and continuously circulating the sea water through the space between the hull surface and the plastic body portion, thereby washing away caustic soda generated in said space in the vicinity of the plastic body portion.
Wagner. Ian. 8, 19'57 Preiser Oct. 2 7, 1959

Claims (1)

1. IN AN ANODE ASSEMBLY FOR CATHODICALLY PROTECTING A METAL OBJECT WETTED BY AN ELECTROYLTE WHEREIN A SUBSTANTIALLY FLAT BODY PORTION OF INSULATING MATERIAL WHICH SUPPORTS THE METALLIC ANODE IS SECURED TO THE WETTED SURFACE OF THE METAL OBJECT, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES MEANS INCLUDING SPACING MEMBERS MOUNTED BETWEEN THE BODY PORTION AND THE SURFACE OF THE METAL OBJECT FOR MAINTAINING SUBSTANTIALLY THE WHOLE OF EACH SURFACES OF THE BODY PORTION IN CONTACT WITH THE ELECTROLYTE, WHEREBY THE ELECTROLYTE IS ALLOWED TO CIRCULATE BETWEEN THE METAL OBJECT SURFACE AND THE BODY PORTION.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5531873A (en) * 1990-06-20 1996-07-02 Savcor-Consulting Oy Electrode arrangement to be used in the cathodic protection of concrete structures and a fixing element
US7402233B1 (en) 2002-04-17 2008-07-22 Morgan Glen E Apparatus and method for cathodically protecting metals against corrosion

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2776941A (en) * 1954-02-25 1957-01-08 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Holder for underwater anode
US2910419A (en) * 1956-12-28 1959-10-27 Herman S Preiser Energized anode holder assembly

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2776941A (en) * 1954-02-25 1957-01-08 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Holder for underwater anode
US2910419A (en) * 1956-12-28 1959-10-27 Herman S Preiser Energized anode holder assembly

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5531873A (en) * 1990-06-20 1996-07-02 Savcor-Consulting Oy Electrode arrangement to be used in the cathodic protection of concrete structures and a fixing element
US7402233B1 (en) 2002-04-17 2008-07-22 Morgan Glen E Apparatus and method for cathodically protecting metals against corrosion

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