US3008093A - M-type backward wave oscillator - Google Patents

M-type backward wave oscillator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3008093A
US3008093A US708235A US70823558A US3008093A US 3008093 A US3008093 A US 3008093A US 708235 A US708235 A US 708235A US 70823558 A US70823558 A US 70823558A US 3008093 A US3008093 A US 3008093A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pulses
pulse
backward wave
oscillator
wave oscillator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US708235A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vial Pierre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA filed Critical CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3008093A publication Critical patent/US3008093A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/46—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the backward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • travelling wave amplifier or oscillator tubes are known in the prior art. Among these are found travelling wave tubes having a rectilinear structure, a circular structure or a coaxial structure, with crossed electric and magnetic fields and generally designated as M-type tubes, and normally provided with an emissive cathode electrically separated from the electrode thereof which is without delay characteristics and which is generally designated as sole.
  • Tubes of the type described hereinabove are also known in the prior art which are operated as pulsed systems by the application of pulses either to the cathode or to the auxiliary electrode facing the cathode and electrically separated from the electrode having delay characteristics and forming the anode of the tube.
  • the present invention relates to backward wave oscillators of the aforementioned type, and more particularly to an M-type backward wave oscillator which is pulsed in the operation thereof and which assures an output of pulsed oscillations having an essentially constant single frequency determined by the voltage of the applied pulses without producing a band of undesired frequencies.
  • the present invention has as its object such a pulsed oscillator of which the spectrum of frequency produced during the application of pulses is practically reduced to a single frequency and which offers simultaneously a good voltage Withstand ability, that is, which upholds the voltage between the anode and the sole without arcing in the tube.
  • the present invention has as its object to eliminate this last-mentioned disadvantage of the generation of a large number of frequencies and to re-establish essentially the spectrum reduced to a single frequency obtainable with the first case while at the same time preserving 3,008,093 Patented Nov. 7, 1961 the advantages of good high-voltage withstand ability of the second alternative.
  • the present invention essentially consists in a combination of the pulsed unblocking of the electron beam with the application to the sole of a pulsed rectangular periodic voltage of which the duration of the pulse is essentially longer than that of the electron beam unblocking pulse but essentially shorter than the interval between two successive pulses applied to the sole, and of which the repetition frequency is the same as that of the beam unblocking pulses, of which each is positioned approximately near the center of the pulses applied to the sole.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a backward wave oscillator which olfers excellent high-voltage characteristics, i.e., in which relatively high voltages may be applied to certain electrodes without danger of arcing.
  • Still a further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a travelling wave tube constituting a backward wave oscillator of the M type in which certain electrodes are pulsed by the application of predetermined pulses and which produces only a single frequency preselected by the voltage of the pulse applied to at least one of the elements of the tube.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system which applies pulses for unblocking the beam and for producing the electric field in predetermined timed relationship so as to produce the desired results mentioned hereinabove.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagrammatic view of the connection of a first embodiment of an M type backward wave oscillator operated by pulses.
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagrammatic View of the connections of a second embodiment of an M-type backward wave oscillator operated by pulses, and
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagram indicating the shape and timed relationship of the applied pulses.
  • FIGURE 1 generally designates a backward wave oscillator of the M-type of which the details of construction are known, per se.
  • FIGURE 1 shows schematically the principal electrodes of the tube, namely, a filament 12, an emissive cathode 13, a sole 14 electrically separated or insulated from the cathode 13, an auxiliary electrode 15 facing the cathode 13 and controlling the electron beam, a delay line '16 forming the principal anode, and a collector 17.
  • the tube 1 is provided with conductors or connections 2 and 3 fOr supplying electrical energy to the filament 12 and to the cathode 13, respectively.
  • An electrical connection or conductor 4 is connected with the auxiliary electrode 15, while the connection or condoctor 5 is connected with the sole 14.
  • the delay line 16 and the collector 17 are connected to the metallic envelope 18 of the tube which is effectively connected to ground.
  • the electron beam of the tube 1 is unblocked by the application of relatively short pulses derived from the pulse source 6 by the intermediary of a transformer 7 the secondary winding of which is connected between the conductor 3 and ground, thereby applying such pulses between the cathode 13 and the delay line 16. In that case, the unblocking pulses must have a negative polarity.
  • FIGURE 3 In which they are designated by reference numeral 8, the duration of each of such pulse being shown by 7'2 and the repetition frequency by 1, whereby the period thereof is
  • the pulsed unblocking of the beam is combined with the simultaneous application between the envelope or ground and the conductor 5, that is, between the delay line 16 and the sole 14 of the oscillator, of negative pulses provided by the pulse source 9.
  • the pulses 10 are essentially longer than the pulses 8 and enclose the same with the leading and trailing edges thereof in such a manner that each pulse 8 is positioned approximately in the center of a corresponding pulse 10.
  • the long pulses are designated by reference numeral 10 in FIGURE 3 and are shown to have a dura tion 1- For example, the value of 1- may be taken as being equal to three to four times that of T2.
  • each pulse from the source 6 is triggered off by the leading edge of the pulse from the source 9, after being subjected to a delay I in a delay line or suitable delay means 11 interposed between the sources 9 and 6. Since such arrangements of such triggering devices are well known in the art, and form no part of the present invention, it is believed that a showing thereof may be dispensed with herein.
  • synchronized triggered devices may be mentioned the various types of multi-vibrators and pulse shaping devices or the like, as used in connection with radar devices in which delayed pulses are produced for various purposes.
  • the repetition frequency is chosen as a function of the duration of T1 which is maintained as short as possible in itself while at the same time being relatively long with respect to the duration T in such a manner that the duration 1- remains still very considerably smaller to the interval
  • the particular choice of values for 7- and f are largely dictated by a compromise between the condition of good frequency spectrum and that of good high-voltage withstandability.
  • the electric field between sole and delay line is established prior to unblocking the beam of electrons. Since pulses are used for the control in accordance with the present invention which have a relatively steep leading edge, the electric field has assumed an already essentially constant value when the beam is unblocked by the application of the pulse 8. Since the frequency of oscillations produced by the oscillator is also a function of the value of the electric field, the frequency of oscillations may be limited to a single frequency provided the electric field has reach an essentially steady state condition, so to speak of, during the period when the electron beam is permitted to pass through the crossed electric and magnetic fields by the unblocking action of pulse 8. In order to limit the frequencies produced by the oscillator to a single frequency, it is also desirable to provide as steep as possible a leading and trailing edge for the pulses 8 and 10, particularly for the pulses 8.
  • pulses or pulses as nearly rectangular as possible are desired.
  • Such pulses may be obtained by any suitable means, well known in the art which enable the obtainment of essentially rectangular pulses.
  • any suitable synchronization device may be used to synchronize the pulses, either electrical or mechanical.
  • the sources for producing the pulses may be of any suitable type, either electronic, electric or mechanical.
  • any suitable means may be provided to vary the absolute value on pulses 10 to thereby electrically tune the oscillator to a predetermined frequency, for example, a calibrated voltage divider, potentiometer or the like.
  • An M-type backward wave oscillator arrangement having an emissive cathode, an auxiliary anode facing said cathode, a main anode and a sole electrode electrically separated from said cathode, comprising a first connection to said cathode, a second connection to said auxiliary anode, a third connection to said main anode, and a fourth connection to said sole electrode, means for applying relatively short periodic voltage pulses between said first connection and one of said second and third connections, and means for applying relatively long periodic voltage pulses between said third and fourth connections, the repetition rate of said short and long pulses being equal.
  • said last-mentioned means includes means for generating saidlong pulses, means for generating said short pulses, and a circuit between said two generating means, said circuit including delaying means for initiating each short pulse under control of the front of a long pulse delayed in said circuit.
  • said delaying means has a delay time substantially equal to wherein is the length of a long pulse and the length of a short pulse.
  • a backward wave oscillator arrangement comprising means for emitting an electron beam, control means for controlling the emission of said electron beam, means for establishing an electric field in the path traversed by said electron beam, and pulse means for establishing said electric field at a predetermined repetition rate and for simultaneously therewith producing pulses for the control means of said electron beam with the pulses for the control means of said electron beam effectively occurring within the period of and over a substantial portion of the pulses producing said electric field.
  • a backward wave oscillator arrangement wherein said pulse means includes a first source of pulses, a second source of pulses, and delay means for synchronizing said second source of pulses by said first source of pulses, said first source of pulses establishing said electric field and said second source of pulses producing said pulsed electron beams.

Landscapes

  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
US708235A 1957-01-24 1958-01-10 M-type backward wave oscillator Expired - Lifetime US3008093A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR70967T 1957-01-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3008093A true US3008093A (en) 1961-11-07

Family

ID=8702593

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US708235A Expired - Lifetime US3008093A (en) 1957-01-24 1958-01-10 M-type backward wave oscillator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3008093A (fr)
DE (1) DE1069695B (fr)
FR (1) FR70967E (fr)
GB (1) GB824591A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3708764A (en) * 1970-01-26 1973-01-02 Thomson Csf Travelling wave tubes

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2405554A1 (fr) * 1977-10-07 1979-05-04 Thomson Csf Circuit d'alimentation en impulsions de tubes a faisceau electronique a collecteur deprime, tubes pour hyperfrequence notamment

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2704350A (en) * 1953-03-18 1955-03-15 Csf Traveling wave tubes which have intersecting electric and magnetic fields and are pulse modulated
US2824231A (en) * 1955-06-03 1958-02-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetrons
US2833956A (en) * 1954-03-11 1958-05-06 Csf Travelling wave tubes of the magnetron type

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1077050A (fr) * 1953-03-18 1954-11-03 Csf Perfectionnements aux tubes à ondes porgessives à champs électrique et magnétique croisés, modulés par impulsions
DE952461C (de) * 1953-08-17 1956-11-15 Csf Wanderfeldroehrenanordnung zur Verstaerkung und Schwingungserzeugung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2704350A (en) * 1953-03-18 1955-03-15 Csf Traveling wave tubes which have intersecting electric and magnetic fields and are pulse modulated
US2833956A (en) * 1954-03-11 1958-05-06 Csf Travelling wave tubes of the magnetron type
US2824231A (en) * 1955-06-03 1958-02-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetrons

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3708764A (en) * 1970-01-26 1973-01-02 Thomson Csf Travelling wave tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB824591A (en) 1959-12-02
DE1069695B (fr) 1959-11-26
FR70967E (fr) 1959-09-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Preist et al. The klystrode—An unusual transmitting tube with potential for UHF-TV
GB578655A (en) Improvements in or relating to high frequency electron discharge systems
US4751429A (en) High power microwave generator
US2782334A (en) Velocity modulated electron discharge devices
US3489944A (en) High power field emission microwave tube having a cathode delivering nanosecond relativistic electron beams
US2782339A (en) Electron beam amplifier device
US3346766A (en) Microwave cold cathode magnetron with internal magnet
US2096817A (en) High frequency oscillator
US3008093A (en) M-type backward wave oscillator
US3760219A (en) Traveling wave device providing prebunched transverse-wave beam
US2487656A (en) Electron discharge device of the beam deflection type
US2945981A (en) Magnetron-type traveling wave tube
US2276320A (en) Centimeter wave device
US3274430A (en) Biased-gap klystron
US3649868A (en) Pulse electron gun
US2462869A (en) Electron discharge device
US3611166A (en) Accelerator for relativistic electrons
US3700952A (en) High power pulsed microwave source
US3309557A (en) Electron gun utilizing a strip transmission line to extract electrons from a cathode
US2750506A (en) High-frequency modulation systems
US2721957A (en) Microwave oscillator electron discharge device
US2678404A (en) High-frequency electron discharge apparatus
US3354349A (en) Multipactor switch
US2888610A (en) Traveling wave tubes
US2888649A (en) Traveling wave tube system