Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/026—Butene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
  • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
  • C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
  • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives

Definitions

• This invention relates to improved lubricants and their preparation. More particularly, this invention relates to lubricating compositions comprising a major proportion of a hydrofined, and phenol extracted coastal distillate, boiling at mm. Hg pressure, between 340 and 700 F. and derived from a naphthenic crude, as a lubricating oil base; and minor amounts of an alkaline earth phenol sulfide, an alkaline earth sulfonate and phenyl-anaphthylamine.
• the lubricants of this invention are extremely useful as low cost, high performance, crankcase lubricants for railway diesel locomotives. These lubricants are particularly adapted for engines equipped with silver or copper-lead bearings. In addition, the lubricants of this invention are more simply and economically prepared since they contain but a single base stock, while the diesel crankcase lubricants of the prior art are normally prepared from a rather complex blend of a conventionally refined (i.e., acid treated and/or phenol extracted, clay contacted) coastal distillate, bright stock, and filtered neutral.
• a conventionally refined i.e., acid treated and/or phenol extracted, clay contacted
• a new and unexpectedly improved lubricating oil composition may be formed from a hydrofined and phenol-extracted coastal distillate by the addition of specific synergistic amounts of an alkaline earth sulfonate and of an alkaline earth metal salt of a phenol sulfide and a small proportion of phenyl-wnapthylamine.
• numerous lubricating oil compositions have been disclosed which contain metal sulfonates and/or alkaline earth metal phenol sulfides as detergent inhibitors.
• the use of phenyl-wnaphthylamine has also been disclosed in the prior art as an oxidation inhibitor.
• the lubricants of this invention comprise a major proportion of a hydrofined and phenol-extracted coastal distillate, boiling between 340 and 700 F. at 10 mm. Hg pressure, and having a viscosity index in the range of 50 to 80 and a viscosity at 100 F. in the range of 800 to 1200 SSU; 1 to 5 volume percent of an alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl phenol sulfide; 1.5 to 8 volume percent of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate; and 0.2 to 1.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the above formulation, of phenyl-ot-naphthylamine.
• the lubricants will comprise a major proportion of the above base oil, about 1.5 to 4 volume percent of mixed alkaline earth metal salts of C to C alkyl phenol sulfide, 2 to 5 volume percent of an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, and about 0.4 wt. percent, based on the total Weight of the above formulation, of phenylu-naphthylamine.
• the lubricating oil base is prepared by hydrofining a coastal distillate, boiling at 10 mm. Hg pressure between 340 to 700 F., in a fixed bed catalytic process at temperatures in the range of 500 to 700 of 400 to 800 p.s.i. Hydrofining of mineral lubricating oils is well known in the art and is extremely effective in improving color and reducing the neutralization number, sulfur and Conradson carbon residue. Hydrofining is normally conducted until the sulfur content of the mineral oil is below about 0.18 wt. percent. Following hydrofining, the lubricating oil base is phenol extracted by methods well known in the art.
• Phenol extraction is used to remove aromatic type components from the feed stock and thereby raise the viscosity index and improve the oxidation stability and color of the lubricating oil base. Phenol extraction is conducted until a. lubricating oil base stock having a viscosity index in the range of 50 to and preferably in the range of 60 to 75 is obtained.
• hydrofining or phenol extraction may be employed as the initial processing step. The term hydrofined and phenol-extracted therefore is intended to include both hydrofined-phenol extracted and phenol extracted-hydrofined coastal distillates.
• the alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl phenol sulfide are well known in the prior art and are described in numerous US. patents. See, for example, US. Patents 2,362,289; 2,461,335, and 2,480,664. Of these metal salts the mixed alkaline earth metal salts are preferred. These mixed metal salts are prepared by neutralizing a phenol sulfide with a mixture of basic compounds of the alkaline earth metals, for example, the hydroxides, or they may be prepared by first partially neutralizing the phenol sulfide with one of the metals and then completing the neutralization by treatment with a suitable basic compound of the other metal.
• the alkyl phenol sulfide will preferably have an alkyl side chain of 5' to 25 carbon atoms attached to each benzene nucleus.
• the mixed metal portion of the salt will normally consist of 15 to wt. percent of calcium and 85 to 15 percent of a metal selected from the group consisting of other alkaline earth metals, preferably barium.
• the alkaline earth metal sulfonates may be alkaline earth metal salts of petroleum sulfonates or high alkalinity calcium or barium synthetic sulfonates well known in the art. Calcium sulfonates are preferred because of their anti-wear properties on silver bearings.
• the sulfonic acid portion of the metal salt will have a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to 1000.
• the calcium sulfonate will contain 2 to 5 weight percent calcium and the barium sulfonate will contain 10 to 20 weight percent barium.
• Phenyl-a-naphthylarnine is well known in the prior art and has been used in various lubricating oil compositions as an anti-oxidant. Phenyl-a-uaphthylamine and its preparation are disclosed in US. Patent 1,988,299.
• a diesel crankcase lubricant of this invention was prepared by adding 2.4 wt. percent (2.25 vol. percent) of a calcium and barium mixed salt of nonyl phenol sulfide, and 4.2 wt. percent (4.0 vol. percent) of calcium sul- F. and pressures fonate (45 wt. percent concentration in mineral oil of 100 SSU viscosity at 100 F.) having a molecular weight of about 925, to 93.4 wt. percent (93.75 vol. percent) of a hydrofined (at 650 F.) and phenol extracted coastal distillate (boiling at 10 mm.
• Oil A phenyla-naphthylamine
• Oil A A lower viscosity version of Oil A may be prepared by using the same additives in a hydrofined and phenol extracted coastal distillate (boiling between 360 and 680 F. at 10 mm. Hg pressure) having a viscosity index of 63 and a viscosity at 100 F. of 1020 SSU.
• This formulation is hereinafter designated Oil A
• Oil B of the crankcase lubricants of this invention was prepared by adding 2.4 wt. percent (2.25 vol. percent) of the calcium and barium mixed salt of nonyl phenol sulfide and 3.3 wt. percent (2.75 vol. percent) of high alkalinity barium sulfonate (45 wt.
• Table I shows the physical and analytical data obtained for Oils A, A and B.
• Table III shows the compositions in terms of volume percent and the properties obtained for both types of base stocks.
• lubricants B, C, D, and E which represent the lubricants of this invention have superior oxidation resistance and anticorrosive properties as compared to similar crankcase lubricants B, C, D, and E formed with conventionally refined coastal distillate base stocks.
• the fact that the hydrofined, phenol-extracted lubricants of this invention have superior oxidation stability is indeed unexpected in view of Table II.
• the EMD Silver Corr. Test of Table III is used to determine the corrosiveness of lubricants toward the silver bearings which are used in General Motors, Electro'Motive Division Railway Locomotives. The test is conducted by heating a sample to 325 F. for 72 hours with mild stirring and in the presence of a section of a silver bearing and a copper strip.
• Table V illustrates the preparation of the lubricants of this invention at varied concentrations of sulfide, sulfonate, and phenyl-a-naphthylamine. This table shows that while the concentration of phenyl-a-naphthylarnine may be varied between 0.2 and 1.0 wt. percent the best results are obtained at about 0.4 wt. percent concentration of phenyl-oa-naphthylamine and at least 2.0 vol. percent sulfonate.
• Oils A and B as described above were tested as regards piston deposits in the EMD 2567 Engine Test (i.e., in a full-scale Z-cylinder copy of Electro-Motive Divisions 12- and 16-eylinder railway locomotive engine Model No. 567) and in the Chevrolet L-4 engine test.
• oil D of Table III prepared with a phenol-extracted clay contacted coastal distillate was also subjected to the same tests.
• Tables VI and VII give the results of these tests.
• the piston deposit merit rating of Tables VI and VII is a visual rating of deposits based on a scale of 0' to 100, 0 representing very heavy deposits and 100 representing no deposits.
• Table VII shows that Oils A and B give at least as good performance as Oil D in regard to piston deposits, while being highly superior to Oil D as regards oxidation resistance, sludge inhibition, and corrosion and wear of the copperdead bearing.
• the Chevrolet L-4 Engine Test is well known in the art and utilizes a standard 6-cylinder Chrysler engine fitted with copper-lead bearings. Here the engine was run continuously for 36 hours after which tirne the piston deposits and weight loss of the Cu-Pb bearings were determined, and inspection of the used lubricant was made.
• the Chevrolet L-4 Engine Test is important since it gives an indication of the oils corrosiveness towards Cu-Pb bearings of the type which are used in many railway diesel locomotive engines.
• this invention relates to the discovery that a new and unexpectedly improved crankcase lubricant can be prepared from a hydrofined and phenol extracted coastal distillate lubricating oil base by adding specific amounts of an alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl-phenol sulfide, an alkaline earth sulfonate and henyLa-naPhthyIamine.
• An improved lubricating oil composition consisting essentially of a major proportion of a hydrofined and phenol extracted coastal petroleum distillate boiling in the range of from 340 to 700 F. at 10 mm. Hg pressure and having a viscosity index in the range of from about 50 to 80 and a viscosity at 100 F.
• an alkaline earth metal sulfon-ate selected from the group consisting of calcium and barium sulfonates having molecular weights in the range of from about 500 to 1000, from about 1.8 to about 5 Weight percent of an alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl phenol sulfide selected from the group consisting of barium salts and mixed calcium-barium salts of nonyl phenol sulfide, and from about 0.2 to about 1.0 Weight percent, based on the total Weight of said composition, of phenyl-ot-naphthylamine.
• phenyl-u-naphthylamine is present in the concentration range of from about 0.2 to about 0.4 weight percent based on the total weight of said composition.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Citations (4)

• 0
  • BE BE592318D patent/BE592318A/xx unknown
• 1959
  • 1959-06-29 US US823318A patent/US3007869A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1960
  • 1960-05-19 DE DEE19350A patent/DE1112804B/de active Pending

Patent Citations (4)

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