US3001401A - Multi-range expansion material - Google Patents
Multi-range expansion material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3001401A US3001401A US597293A US59729356A US3001401A US 3001401 A US3001401 A US 3001401A US 597293 A US597293 A US 597293A US 59729356 A US59729356 A US 59729356A US 3001401 A US3001401 A US 3001401A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- expansion
- weight
- tetrachlorobenzene
- straight chain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 57
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 24
- GBDZXPJXOMHESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl GBDZXPJXOMHESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- JHBKHLUZVFWLAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl JHBKHLUZVFWLAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- WKQCYNCZDDJXEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N simalikalactone C Natural products C1C(C23C)OC(=O)CC3C(C)C(=O)C(O)C2C2(C)C1C(C)C=C(OC)C2=O WKQCYNCZDDJXEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001435619 Lile Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000933140 Streptomyces verne Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DWHGNUUWCJZQHO-ZVDZYBSKSA-M potassium;(2s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2r)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid;(2r,3z,5r)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H]1C(=C/CO)/O[C@@H]2CC(=O)N21.C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=C(O)C=C1 DWHGNUUWCJZQHO-ZVDZYBSKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S236/00—Automatic temperature and humidity regulation
- Y10S236/05—Fusible
Definitions
- Y Objects of the invention are to ⁇ provide power elements employing solid to liquid type expansion materials; wherein the expansion materials have good resistance to chemical decomposition at elevated temperatures, and the expansion materials include mixtures of materials which in some instances undergo a plurality of'separate relatively l-arge expansions in a temperature range from about 200"Y F. to about 300 YF. y
- FIG..1 is asectional view through a power element incorporating the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a performancepchart utilizing a paraffin wax; wherein the position of the power element piston is plotted against ambient temperature.
- FIG. V3 is a performance chart of a .power element utilizing 50%v paraffin wax and 50% tetrachlorobenzene.
- FIG..4 is a performance chart of apower element utilizing 37% paraffin wax and 63% tetrachlorobenzene.
- FIG. 5 is a1 performance chart of a powerA element utilizing 25% paraiiin wax and 75% tetrachlorobenzene.
- Ya power element '1 including a casing 2, a body or pellet of thermally expansible material 3, a movable wall or piston 4, a corrugated stainless steel diaphragm 5, and a body of pliable forcetransmitting material 6.
- Material 6 is preferably the pliable material disclosed in copending application, Serial No. 583,881, tiled May 9, 1956.
- a disc 7 of polytetralluoroethylene ⁇ is positioned between material 6 and piston 4 in order to prevent material 6 from extruding into the clearance space 9 between piston 4 and bore 8.
- a spring (not shown) is provided for returning piston 4 to its illustrated position during contractive movement of material 3.
- Operation of the power element is such that during temperature increase in ambient atmosphere 10 material 3 expands against diaphragm 5 so as to force material 6 upwardly in bore 8 and thereby propel piston 4 outwardly against the aforementioned spring. During temperature decrease in atmosphere 10 material 3 contracts so as to allow the spring to return piston 4 downwardly to its illustrated position.
- Material 3 is preferably a straight chain paraiiin wax having a molecular weight above 400 or a mixture of said of fa Y power v element wax with l,2,4,5 tetrachlorobenzene. vPreferably discrete-particles of a .good heat conductor such as copper are dispersed throughV material 3 to quickly and evenly transmit heat through the pellet. 1 f
- FIG. 2 illustrates the performance of the power ⁇ element when material 3 is composed entirely of a straight chain parain wax having a molecular weight above 400.
- This straight chain paran wax gives a comparatively large total expansion, which for many applications is very desirable. The large total expansion is believed to be due primarily to the straight chain character of the wax. Branched chain paraffin waxes tend to give lower total expansions because the branches on the chains are believed to interfere with one another so as to produce a rather loosely packed molecular arrangement when the wax is in the solid state; as a result of this loose molecular packing a relatively small number of molecules are available for expansion, and the total volumetric expansion is therefore relatively low.
- the straight chain molecules on the other hand do not obstruct one another, and they therefore tend to pack closely together in the solid state so as to give a comparatively highvolumetric expansion during temperature increase.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the performance of the power -,element when material 3 is composed of a mixture of 50% 1 by weight straight chain wax having a molecular weight above 400 and 50% by weight of 1,2,4,5-tetrachloroben ⁇ - zene.
- the molecular shape of tetrachlorobenzene would seem tov prevent it from mixing vsatisfactorilywith ,the paratln wax.
- FIG. 3fan equal weight mixture of the two materials produces a relatively large total expansion over a relatively small temperature range. Additionally the hysteresis is rela-tively low at the higher temperatures.
- the term. hysteresis will be understood as a measure of the expansion materials ability to contract immediately when the ambient temperature is initially increased and then decreased.
- material 3 expands substantially in ,accordance with the position of piston 4 as indicated by line 12 in FIG. 3.
- During temperature decrease material 3 follows substantially along line 13. In FIG. 3 only about a two degree decrease in temperature is required to transfer material 3 from line 12 to line 13, whereas in FIG. Zan eleven degree decrease in temperature (see arrows 14) is required to transfer material 3 from line 12 to line 13.
- FIG. 3 material has about a two degree hysteresis and the FIG. 2 material has about an eleven degree hysteresis (at the upper end of the curve).
- This difference in the hysteresis is believed to be due primarily to the fact that the FIG. 2 material is a pure material, whereas the FIG. 3 material is a mixture of different materials.
- the pure material undergoes Patented Sept. 26,v 1961 g a certain amount of supercooling during temperature de:u
- an equal weight mixture of i the two materials produces avery smooth, steep expansion curve with a relatively large total expansion; It is, believed that the wax molecules form crystals and the tetrachlorobenzenemolecules forrn other crystals so ⁇ as to pro- Vvide an eutectic type crystalline material; i.e. aV material wherein crystals of wax existseparately from crystals of tetrachlorobenzen'e, with each type of crystalI insoluble in the. other and with no molecular mixing of the wax molecules kand tetrachlorobenzene molecules.
- FIG. 5" illustrates the performance of the power element when material 3 is composed of a mixture of '2'5%
- a power element comprising a container and con nected sleeve; thermally expansible material within said container; Ia metal diaphragm sealing the expansible material in the container; a piston in said sleeve; and a forcei transmitting material-between the diaphragm and piston;
- said force-transmitting material being operable at ⁇ teniperatures in the neighborhoodof 250 F.; and said ⁇ thermally expansible material being amixture off 1,2,4,5 tetrachlorobenzene and a straight chain paraiiin wax having a molecular weight above 400, the tetrachlorobenzene and paraffin Wax each accounting for a substantial percentageV of the weight of the thermally expansible material.
- expansion mavterials have been described with reference to their use in power elements of the typewhich areresponsive to ambientv temperature change. "-It is contemplatedrhowever that the expansion materials could be employed with powerelements of the type which are responsive to variations inelectric current, .as for example the power elements disclosed in aforementioned application, Serial No. 551,829. It will be understood therefore that the term "power elemen as used herein refers to both temperaturefresponsivevmechanisms and electrie current res'p'gionf sive mechanisms.
- a thermostatic power element component'formed asl a solid' three dimensional expansion pellet; said pellet comprising expansion material and a network of heat conducting material extending substantially evenly therein; said expansion material being formed as a mixture of 1,2,4,5 tetrachlorobenzene andV a straight chain paraiiin wax having amolecular Weight above 400, the tetrachloro.h benzene and wax each accounting for a substantialY percentage of thev weight of the expansion material.
Description
Sept. `26, 1961 s. vERNx-:T ETAL l 3,001,401
MULTI-RANGE EXPANSION MATERIAL Filed July l1, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 /N VENToRs Sem/a5 VERA/5r Sept 26, 1961 s. vERNE'r ETAL MULTI-RANGE EXPANSION MATERIAL 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 1l, 1956 24o 2.50 26o 2"o AM BIENT TEM PERATURE "F IBO ZOO 2O 4 exf/ 20o 2 ao 24o 26o 28o soo 32o AMBIENT TEMPERATUREF /N v EN ToR S VfR/vir 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 A TTORNEVS TEMPERATURE F s. VERNET ETAL MULTI-RANGE EXPANSION MATERIAL sept. 26, 1961 Filed July 11, 1956 m m o m .;.F u mm m 0M o um fr a /W/ wm. E /\v/%/// w 2T 2 0%@ of E a f// l ,Z 2A
AMBIENT United States Patent O 3,001,401 MULTI-RAN GE EXPANSION MATERIAL Sergius Vernet, James Fay Corwin, and George Asakawa, Yellow Springs, Ohio, assignors, by direct and mesne assignments, to Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio,
`a corporation of Ohio Filed July 11, 1956, Ser. No. 597,293 8 Claims. (Cl. 73-358) kThis invention relates to thermally expansible materials, and to power elements of the type disclosed in copending patent applications, Serial No. 551,829 iiled on December 8, 1955,-and Serial No. 510,078 tiled on May 24, 1955, now abandoned. Such power elements are. commonly employed to operate switches and valves. Y Objects of the invention are to `provide power elements employing solid to liquid type expansion materials; wherein the expansion materials have good resistance to chemical decomposition at elevated temperatures, and the expansion materials include mixtures of materials which in some instances undergo a plurality of'separate relatively l-arge expansions in a temperature range from about 200"Y F. to about 300 YF. y
Other objects of this invention will appear in the `following description and appended claims, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification `wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.
InAthe drawings:
FIG..1 is asectional view through a power element incorporating the invention. p
FIG. 2 is a performancepchart utilizing a paraffin wax; wherein the position of the power element piston is plotted against ambient temperature.
i FIG. V3 is a performance chart of a .power element utilizing 50%v paraffin wax and 50% tetrachlorobenzene.
FIG..4 is a performance chart of apower element utilizing 37% paraffin wax and 63% tetrachlorobenzene.
FIG. 5 is a1 performance chart of a powerA element utilizing 25% paraiiin wax and 75% tetrachlorobenzene.
Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the'invention is not limited in'its application to the details ofconstruction and` arrangement of0 parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of. other embodiments and of ,being practiced or carried outin various ways. Also, itis to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employedherein is for the purpose oli/description Vand not of limitation. `g .v
*In the drawings thereis shown Ya power element '1including a casing 2, a body or pellet of thermally expansible material 3, a movable wall or piston 4, a corrugated stainless steel diaphragm 5, and a body of pliable forcetransmitting material 6. Material 6 is preferably the pliable material disclosed in copending application, Serial No. 583,881, tiled May 9, 1956. A disc 7 of polytetralluoroethylene `is positioned between material 6 and piston 4 in order to prevent material 6 from extruding into the clearance space 9 between piston 4 and bore 8. A spring (not shown) is provided for returning piston 4 to its illustrated position during contractive movement of material 3.
Operation of the power element is such that during temperature increase in ambient atmosphere 10 material 3 expands against diaphragm 5 so as to force material 6 upwardly in bore 8 and thereby propel piston 4 outwardly against the aforementioned spring. During temperature decrease in atmosphere 10 material 3 contracts so as to allow the spring to return piston 4 downwardly to its illustrated position.
FIG. 2 illustrates the performance of the power` element when material 3 is composed entirely of a straight chain parain wax having a molecular weight above 400. This straight chain paran wax gives a comparatively large total expansion, which for many applications is very desirable. The large total expansion is believed to be due primarily to the straight chain character of the wax. Branched chain paraffin waxes tend to give lower total expansions because the branches on the chains are believed to interfere with one another so as to produce a rather loosely packed molecular arrangement when the wax is in the solid state; as a result of this loose molecular packing a relatively small number of molecules are available for expansion, and the total volumetric expansion is therefore relatively low. The straight chain molecules on the other hand do not obstruct one another, and they therefore tend to pack closely together in the solid state so as to give a comparatively highvolumetric expansion during temperature increase.
There is an advantage in using straight chain waxes with molecular weights above 400. vIt has beenY found that when mixtures of lower molecular weight waxes (i.e. around values of 200) are employed. the melting point tends to be undesirably depressed (as compared with the melting points of the component waxes in their pure state) when there is a substantial variation in the chainY length of the component .waxesgalso the expansion characteristics of suchlow molecular weight mixtures are poor. Y.'Ihe undesired characteristics appear to be a function of the variation in chain length as compared with the lengths of the chains. When mixtures of high molecular weight waxes are employed the effect of variation in chain length is relatively slight because of the relatively long length chains. The straight chain paraflin waxes with ,molecular Weights above 400 have the yfurther advantage that they are much more resistant to chemical decomposition at elevated temperatures than thefbranched chain paraffin waxes. Y 4 Y y FIG. 3 illustrates the performance of the power -,element when material 3 is composed of a mixture of 50% 1 by weight straight chain wax having a molecular weight above 400 and 50% by weight of 1,2,4,5-tetrachloroben^- zene. The molecular shape of tetrachlorobenzene would seem tov prevent it from mixing vsatisfactorilywith ,the paratln wax. Yet, as indicated `by FIG.' 3fan equal weight mixture of the two materials produces a relatively large total expansion over a relatively small temperature range. Additionally the hysteresis is rela-tively low at the higher temperatures. The term. hysteresis will be understood as a measure of the expansion materials ability to contract immediately when the ambient temperature is initially increased and then decreased. During temperature increase material 3 expands substantially in ,accordance with the position of piston 4 as indicated by line 12 in FIG. 3. During temperature decrease material 3 follows substantially along line 13. In FIG. 3 only about a two degree decrease in temperature is required to transfer material 3 from line 12 to line 13, whereas in FIG. Zan eleven degree decrease in temperature (see arrows 14) is required to transfer material 3 from line 12 to line 13. In otherwords the FIG. 3 material has about a two degree hysteresis and the FIG. 2 material has about an eleven degree hysteresis (at the upper end of the curve). This difference in the hysteresis is believed to be due primarily to the fact that the FIG. 2 material is a pure material, whereas the FIG. 3 material is a mixture of different materials. Apparently the pure material undergoes Patented Sept. 26,v 1961 g a certain amount of supercooling during temperature de:u
crease, whereas the mixture of materials provides seed crystals to prevent such supercooling. Thus the tetrachlorebenzene crystals are thought to act as seeding crystals for thewax.
It was mentioned earlier that logically the tetrachlorovbenzene should" not mix satisfactorily with the wax. Yet,
as can be seen from FIG. 3, an equal weight mixture of i the two materials produces avery smooth, steep expansion curve with a relatively large total expansion; It is, believed that the wax molecules form crystals and the tetrachlorobenzenemolecules forrn other crystals so` as to pro- Vvide an eutectic type crystalline material; i.e. aV material wherein crystals of wax existseparately from crystals of tetrachlorobenzen'e, with each type of crystalI insoluble in the. other and with no molecular mixing of the wax molecules kand tetrachlorobenzene molecules. Apl Weight above 40d and 63% by weight of 1,2,4,5` tetrachlorobenzene.
stages 'gives the power element two relatively st ejep but The existence of two separate melting separate motions; i.e. a tirstrelatively steep motion be- -tween 210 and 230, ancla'secondrrelatively steep'motionbetween about 250 and 280.
FIG. 5"illustrates the performance of the power element when material 3 is composed of a mixture of '2'5% We claim: y s 1. A power element comprising a container and con nected sleeve; thermally expansible material within said container; Ia metal diaphragm sealing the expansible material in the container; a piston in said sleeve; and a forcei transmitting material-between the diaphragm and piston;
said force-transmitting material being operable at` teniperatures in the neighborhoodof 250 F.; and said` thermally expansible material being amixture off 1,2,4,5 tetrachlorobenzene and a straight chain paraiiin wax having a molecular weight above 400, the tetrachlorobenzene and paraffin Wax each accounting for a substantial percentageV of the weight of the thermally expansible material.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein the tetrachlorobenzene and wax each account for about one-halj the l weight of the thermally expansible material. n
3. The combination of claim 1 wherein the tetrachlorobenzene accounts for about63% ofthe Weight of the thermally expansible material.
4. The combination Vof claim 1 wherein the tetrachlorobenzene accounts for about 75% of the weight of the thermallyY expansible material.
,by weight straight chain parain Wax having a molecular -x 'Weight Vabove V40() and 75% of 1,2,4, 5 tetrael11orobenzene. ,This mixture gives substantially vthe same type performance curve as theFIG. 3 material. Y f
During the foregoing speciication the expansion mavterials have been described with reference to their use in power elements of the typewhich areresponsive to ambientv temperature change. "-It is contemplatedrhowever that the expansion materials could be employed with powerelements of the type which are responsive to variations inelectric current, .as for example the power elements disclosed in aforementioned application, Serial No. 551,829. It will be understood therefore that the term "power elemen as used herein refers to both temperaturefresponsivevmechanisms and electrie current res'p'gionf sive mechanisms.
5. A thermostatic power element component'formed asl a solid' three dimensional expansion pellet; said pellet comprising expansion material and a network of heat conducting material extending substantially evenly therein; said expansion material being formed as a mixture of 1,2,4,5 tetrachlorobenzene andV a straight chain paraiiin wax having amolecular Weight above 400, the tetrachloro.h benzene and wax each accounting for a substantialY percentage of thev weight of the expansion material.
6. A combination of clairn-5 wherein the tetrachloro benzene andV wax each account yfor about one-half the weightV of. thermally expansible material. s
7. `Af combinationofv claim 5, wherein the tetrachlorof Ybenzene accountsy Yforv about 63% of the weight of the thermally expansible material.
8. The combination ofA claim, 5 wherein the tetrachlorobenzene accounts for aboutf%v of the weight of the thermally expansible material. Y
ReferencesV Cited in the lile of this` patent UNITED STATES PATENTS v 2,115,502 Vernet Apr. 26, 1938 2,169,872y Clark -..s Aug. 15,1939 2,214,877. cm1; -1., sept. 17, 1940 2,259,846 Vernet 1-a Oct; 21, 1941 2,368,181. Vernet a Ian, 30, '1945 2,534,497 Albright 2, Dec. 19,1950 2,598,351 Carter ..v. May Z7. i19,52 2,668,140 Arabian Peb..2, 1954' 2,847,033 Baker -1 Aug. 12, 1958 @STM
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US597293A US3001401A (en) | 1956-07-11 | 1956-07-11 | Multi-range expansion material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US597293A US3001401A (en) | 1956-07-11 | 1956-07-11 | Multi-range expansion material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3001401A true US3001401A (en) | 1961-09-26 |
Family
ID=24390898
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US597293A Expired - Lifetime US3001401A (en) | 1956-07-11 | 1956-07-11 | Multi-range expansion material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3001401A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3180149A (en) * | 1961-03-02 | 1965-04-27 | Standard Thomson Corp | Thermal responsive unit |
US3220580A (en) * | 1964-02-19 | 1965-11-30 | Case Co J I | Material handling apparatus |
US3270573A (en) * | 1963-03-29 | 1966-09-06 | Dole Valve Co | Snap action switch |
US3395580A (en) * | 1965-05-13 | 1968-08-06 | Yoshikaze Kuze | Thermostat |
US3582856A (en) * | 1969-06-18 | 1971-06-01 | Gen Electric | Temperature sensing relay |
US3631721A (en) * | 1969-01-02 | 1972-01-04 | Internationaler Dienst Gmbh | Clinical thermometer of synthetic material using nontoxic thermometric material |
US3688582A (en) * | 1970-02-27 | 1972-09-05 | Frederick J Gradishar | Thermometric devices |
US3895523A (en) * | 1973-10-08 | 1975-07-22 | Obladen Michael | Thermometer |
US5487352A (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-01-30 | John R. Williams | Temperature indicator for cooked meats |
US5984197A (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-11-16 | C. Alan Sugarek | Thermostat |
US6315209B1 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2001-11-13 | Watts Regulator Company | Mixing valve |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2115502A (en) * | 1935-01-30 | 1938-04-26 | Vernay Patents Company | Thermostat |
US2169872A (en) * | 1938-09-03 | 1939-08-15 | Gen Electric | Liquid halogenated compositions |
US2214877A (en) * | 1938-09-03 | 1940-09-17 | Gen Electric | Cooling and insulating composition |
US2259846A (en) * | 1937-06-17 | 1941-10-21 | Vernay Patents Company | Temperature responsive element |
US2368181A (en) * | 1942-05-23 | 1945-01-30 | Vernay Patents Company | Sealing means |
US2534497A (en) * | 1947-06-12 | 1950-12-19 | John C Albright | Motion transmitting device |
US2598351A (en) * | 1948-04-30 | 1952-05-27 | Detroit Lubricator Co | Thermostatic valve |
US2668140A (en) * | 1950-05-24 | 1954-02-02 | Shell Dev | Preparation of paraffin waxes |
US2847033A (en) * | 1955-07-08 | 1958-08-12 | Standard Thomson Corp | Adjustable transducer |
-
1956
- 1956-07-11 US US597293A patent/US3001401A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2115502A (en) * | 1935-01-30 | 1938-04-26 | Vernay Patents Company | Thermostat |
US2259846A (en) * | 1937-06-17 | 1941-10-21 | Vernay Patents Company | Temperature responsive element |
US2169872A (en) * | 1938-09-03 | 1939-08-15 | Gen Electric | Liquid halogenated compositions |
US2214877A (en) * | 1938-09-03 | 1940-09-17 | Gen Electric | Cooling and insulating composition |
US2368181A (en) * | 1942-05-23 | 1945-01-30 | Vernay Patents Company | Sealing means |
US2534497A (en) * | 1947-06-12 | 1950-12-19 | John C Albright | Motion transmitting device |
US2598351A (en) * | 1948-04-30 | 1952-05-27 | Detroit Lubricator Co | Thermostatic valve |
US2668140A (en) * | 1950-05-24 | 1954-02-02 | Shell Dev | Preparation of paraffin waxes |
US2847033A (en) * | 1955-07-08 | 1958-08-12 | Standard Thomson Corp | Adjustable transducer |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3180149A (en) * | 1961-03-02 | 1965-04-27 | Standard Thomson Corp | Thermal responsive unit |
US3270573A (en) * | 1963-03-29 | 1966-09-06 | Dole Valve Co | Snap action switch |
US3220580A (en) * | 1964-02-19 | 1965-11-30 | Case Co J I | Material handling apparatus |
US3395580A (en) * | 1965-05-13 | 1968-08-06 | Yoshikaze Kuze | Thermostat |
US3631721A (en) * | 1969-01-02 | 1972-01-04 | Internationaler Dienst Gmbh | Clinical thermometer of synthetic material using nontoxic thermometric material |
US3582856A (en) * | 1969-06-18 | 1971-06-01 | Gen Electric | Temperature sensing relay |
US3688582A (en) * | 1970-02-27 | 1972-09-05 | Frederick J Gradishar | Thermometric devices |
US3895523A (en) * | 1973-10-08 | 1975-07-22 | Obladen Michael | Thermometer |
US5487352A (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-01-30 | John R. Williams | Temperature indicator for cooked meats |
US5984197A (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-11-16 | C. Alan Sugarek | Thermostat |
US6315209B1 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2001-11-13 | Watts Regulator Company | Mixing valve |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3001401A (en) | Multi-range expansion material | |
US2259846A (en) | Temperature responsive element | |
US2835634A (en) | Polyethylene expansion material | |
US3051767A (en) | Thermoelectric devices and thermoelements | |
Burenkov | Temperature dependence of the elastic constants of GaAs | |
US2115501A (en) | Thermostat | |
US3168805A (en) | Thermal power element | |
US3805528A (en) | Thermal actuator | |
US4799537A (en) | Self regulating heat pipe | |
US1159893A (en) | Heat-responsive device. | |
US3131269A (en) | Thermally expandable actuator means for thermal switch | |
Chambre | On the dynamics of phase growth | |
GB1151387A (en) | Temperature Responsive Actuator | |
US2460762A (en) | Thermostatic switch | |
US3886513A (en) | De-energizing system for thermal actuator | |
US2873633A (en) | Power elements for thermostats | |
US3180149A (en) | Thermal responsive unit | |
US3054881A (en) | Heating control device | |
Schaefer | The validity of steady-state dendrite growth models | |
US3017444A (en) | Constant energy source | |
US2741598A (en) | Heat transfer, hydraulic and thermoregulator fluids | |
Faeth et al. | Ignition and combustion of monopropellant droplets. | |
Rose | The effect of surface thermal conductivity on dropwise condensation heat transfer | |
US2915899A (en) | High temperature material | |
US3508394A (en) | Initiation of alkali metal-halogen reaction in combustion systems |