US2835634A - Polyethylene expansion material - Google Patents
Polyethylene expansion material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2835634A US2835634A US585892A US58589256A US2835634A US 2835634 A US2835634 A US 2835634A US 585892 A US585892 A US 585892A US 58589256 A US58589256 A US 58589256A US 2835634 A US2835634 A US 2835634A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polyethylene
- expansion
- expansion material
- piston
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
- G01K5/32—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a fluid contained in a hollow body having parts which are deformable or displaceable
- G01K5/44—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a fluid contained in a hollow body having parts which are deformable or displaceable the body being a cylinder and piston
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S33/00—Geometrical instruments
- Y10S33/19—Thermal expansive
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
Description
May 20, 1 58 vERNET 2,835,634
POLYETHYLENE EXPANSION MATERIAL Filed May 181 1956 2,835,834 Patented May 20, 1 .958
PoLYErnYLENn EXPANSION MATERIAL Sergins Vernet and George Asalrawa, Yellow Springs, Ohio, assignors, by direct and mesne assignments, to Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application May 18, 1956, Serial No. 585,892
1 (Ilaim. (Cl. 252-1) This invention relates to thermally expansible materials, and to power elements of the type disclosed in copending patent applications, Serial No. 551,829, filed on December 8, 1955, and Serial No. 510,708, filed on May 24, 1955.
Power elements of the type disclosed in application, Serial No. 510,708 include a casing member positionable in an ambient atmosphere of changing temperature characteristics. A body of thermally expansible material is contained in the casing, and during temperature increase in the ambient atmosphere the expansible material expands so as to move a piston out from the casing. Movement of the piston may be utilized to actuate a device, as for example a valve or switch.
In order to increase the time-response characteristics of the power element it has been proposed to incorporate discrete particles of a good heat-conducting material (such as copper or aluminum) with the thermally expansible material. However, with prior art expansion materials, at elevated temperatures (when the expansion material is in a liquid state) the heat conducting particles tend to settle down to the bottom of the casing unless a separate binder material is incorporated with the thermally expansible material.
Objects of the present invention are to provide a power element, including a thermally expansible material and discrete heat-conducting particles, wherein:
(1) The thermally expansible material will itself act as a binder material in the expanded condition, thereby eliminating the need for a separate binder material and allowing a greater volume change per given size power element, and
(2) The thermal material is resistant to chemical decomposition at elevated temperatures, as for example 600 F.
Other objects of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claim, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.
In the drawings the figure is a sectional view of a power element incorporating the invention.
Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the not of limitation.
In the drawings there is shown a power element 1 including a casing 2, a body or pellet of thermally-expansible material 3, a movable wall or piston 4, a corrugated stainless steel diaphragm 5, and a body of pliable purpose of description and force-transmitting material 6. Material 6 is preferably the pliable material disclosed in copending application, Serial No. 583,881, filed May 9, 1956. A disc '7 of polytetrafluoroethylene is positioned between material 6 and piston 4 in order to prevent material 6 from extruding into the clearance space 9 between piston 4 and bore 8. A spring (not shown) is provided for returning piston 4 to its illustrated position during contractive movement of material 3.
Material 3 includes a mixture of polyethylene and discrete particles of copper, preferably in a weight ratio of about 20% polyethylene and copper. The polyethylene serves as the expansion medium; and the copper particles serve to quickly conduct heat from ambient atmosphere 10 through the polyethylene.
During temperature increase in atmosphere 10 the polyethylene expands from a solid to a gel (in contrast to a liquid). At elevated temperatures this gel tends to retain the heat-conducting particles in suspension, even after considerable lengths of time. It is of course desirable that the heat conducting particles be dispersed evenly through the pellet in order to provide uniform heat transfer and quick power element response to ambient temperature change. In the past it was necessary to incorporate a binder material, such as polyisobutylene, with the expansion material in order to retain the heat conducting particles in suspension at elevated temperaturres. The use of polyethylene as the expansion material eliminates the need for a separate binder material. Polyethylene has the further desirable characteristic of being resistant to chemical decomposition at elevated temperatures.
It will be understood that expansion of material 3 is effective to move piston 4 outwardly in bore 8 so as to perform useful work. Temperature decrease in atmosphere 10 is accompanied by a contracflive movement of the expansion material from the gel state to the solid state, with a return movement of piston 4 in the direction of arrow 11 (under the influence of the previously mentioned spring).
During the foregoing specification the invention has been described with reference to a power element responsive to ambient atmosphere temperature changes. However it is contemplated that the invention could be employed in power elements responsive to variations in electric current as disclosed in the aforementioned application, Serial No. 551,829. The term power element will therefore be understood to comprehend both a temperature-responsive device and an electric current responsive device.
We claim:
A thermally expansible pellet consisting of discrete heat-conducting particles suspended in polyethylene expansion material; said polyethylene expansion material being a solid below its expansion temperature range and being transformed to a gel in its expansion temperature mange, whereby to hold the heat-conducting particles in suspension at the expansion temperatures without need of a separate binder material.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,115,501 Vernet Apr. 26, 1938 2,128,274 Vernet Aug. 30, 1938 2,259,846 Vernet et a1. Oct. 21, 1941 2,265,586 Vernet Dec. 9, 1941 2,303,348 Freeman et a1. Dec. 1, 1942 2,368,182 Vernet Jan. 30, 1945
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US585892A US2835634A (en) | 1956-05-18 | 1956-05-18 | Polyethylene expansion material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US585892A US2835634A (en) | 1956-05-18 | 1956-05-18 | Polyethylene expansion material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2835634A true US2835634A (en) | 1958-05-20 |
Family
ID=24343401
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US585892A Expired - Lifetime US2835634A (en) | 1956-05-18 | 1956-05-18 | Polyethylene expansion material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2835634A (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2942095A (en) * | 1957-10-08 | 1960-06-21 | American Radiator & Standard | Temperature operated power element |
US3131269A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1964-04-28 | Antioch College | Thermally expandable actuator means for thermal switch |
US3180150A (en) * | 1960-08-01 | 1965-04-27 | Watts Regulator Co | Thermostat |
US3180149A (en) * | 1961-03-02 | 1965-04-27 | Standard Thomson Corp | Thermal responsive unit |
US3212337A (en) * | 1960-11-03 | 1965-10-19 | Texas Instruments Inc | Thermally responsive actuators |
US3319467A (en) * | 1963-10-04 | 1967-05-16 | Feinberg Maurice | Thermostatic device |
DE1256440B (en) * | 1964-05-16 | 1967-12-14 | Danfoss As | Thermal expansion body for thermostats |
US3397859A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1968-08-20 | Febco Inc | Electromechanical transducer and valve operated thereby |
US3430440A (en) * | 1966-12-23 | 1969-03-04 | Renriden Corp | Electro-thermal actuator |
DE1573341B1 (en) * | 1965-03-30 | 1970-04-02 | Standard Thomson Corp | Heat sensor |
US3505809A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1970-04-14 | Thermal Hydraulics Corp | Thermal motor |
US4227412A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1980-10-14 | Eaton Corporation | Temperature responsive actuator |
US20060001008A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | Yeghiazarian Lilit L | Volume phase transition to induce gel movement |
US20110127263A1 (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-02 | Hyundai Motor Company | Fire safety apparatus of high-pressure gas fuel tank for vehicle |
WO2011158234A1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2011-12-22 | Fishman Thermo Technologies Ltd. | Thermostatic working element |
EP2543883A1 (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-09 | Rettig ICC B.V. | Temperature responsive material driven actuator |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2115501A (en) * | 1934-10-01 | 1938-04-26 | Vernay Patents Company | Thermostat |
US2128274A (en) * | 1935-12-19 | 1938-08-30 | Vernay Patents Company | Control device and actuating means therefor |
US2259846A (en) * | 1937-06-17 | 1941-10-21 | Vernay Patents Company | Temperature responsive element |
US2265586A (en) * | 1938-08-11 | 1941-12-09 | Vernay Patents Company | Control device |
US2303348A (en) * | 1937-12-06 | 1942-12-01 | Freeman | Method for modifying organic bodies to raise the transition temperature therein from nonfluid to fluid phase and the composition |
US2368182A (en) * | 1943-06-28 | 1945-01-30 | Vernay Patents Company | Shutter controlling device |
-
1956
- 1956-05-18 US US585892A patent/US2835634A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2115501A (en) * | 1934-10-01 | 1938-04-26 | Vernay Patents Company | Thermostat |
US2128274A (en) * | 1935-12-19 | 1938-08-30 | Vernay Patents Company | Control device and actuating means therefor |
US2259846A (en) * | 1937-06-17 | 1941-10-21 | Vernay Patents Company | Temperature responsive element |
US2303348A (en) * | 1937-12-06 | 1942-12-01 | Freeman | Method for modifying organic bodies to raise the transition temperature therein from nonfluid to fluid phase and the composition |
US2265586A (en) * | 1938-08-11 | 1941-12-09 | Vernay Patents Company | Control device |
US2368182A (en) * | 1943-06-28 | 1945-01-30 | Vernay Patents Company | Shutter controlling device |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2942095A (en) * | 1957-10-08 | 1960-06-21 | American Radiator & Standard | Temperature operated power element |
US3131269A (en) * | 1959-11-02 | 1964-04-28 | Antioch College | Thermally expandable actuator means for thermal switch |
US3180150A (en) * | 1960-08-01 | 1965-04-27 | Watts Regulator Co | Thermostat |
US3212337A (en) * | 1960-11-03 | 1965-10-19 | Texas Instruments Inc | Thermally responsive actuators |
US3180149A (en) * | 1961-03-02 | 1965-04-27 | Standard Thomson Corp | Thermal responsive unit |
US3319467A (en) * | 1963-10-04 | 1967-05-16 | Feinberg Maurice | Thermostatic device |
DE1256440B (en) * | 1964-05-16 | 1967-12-14 | Danfoss As | Thermal expansion body for thermostats |
DE1573341C2 (en) * | 1965-03-30 | 1973-10-04 | Standard Thomson Corp | Heat sensor |
DE1573341B1 (en) * | 1965-03-30 | 1970-04-02 | Standard Thomson Corp | Heat sensor |
US3397859A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1968-08-20 | Febco Inc | Electromechanical transducer and valve operated thereby |
US3430440A (en) * | 1966-12-23 | 1969-03-04 | Renriden Corp | Electro-thermal actuator |
US3505809A (en) * | 1968-05-20 | 1970-04-14 | Thermal Hydraulics Corp | Thermal motor |
US4227412A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1980-10-14 | Eaton Corporation | Temperature responsive actuator |
US20060001008A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | Yeghiazarian Lilit L | Volume phase transition to induce gel movement |
WO2006007476A2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-19 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Volume phase transition to induce gel movement |
US7313917B2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2008-01-01 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Volume phase transition to induce gel movement |
WO2006007476A3 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2009-04-09 | Cornell Res Foundation Inc | Volume phase transition to induce gel movement |
US20110127263A1 (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-02 | Hyundai Motor Company | Fire safety apparatus of high-pressure gas fuel tank for vehicle |
WO2011158234A1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2011-12-22 | Fishman Thermo Technologies Ltd. | Thermostatic working element |
EP2543883A1 (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-09 | Rettig ICC B.V. | Temperature responsive material driven actuator |
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