US2999816A - Azeotropic composition - Google Patents
Azeotropic composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2999816A US2999816A US49427A US4942760A US2999816A US 2999816 A US2999816 A US 2999816A US 49427 A US49427 A US 49427A US 4942760 A US4942760 A US 4942760A US 2999816 A US2999816 A US 2999816A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- trichloro
- methyl alcohol
- solvent
- azeotropic composition
- trifluoroethane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 29
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical class CC(F)Cl YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004434 industrial solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011101 paper laminate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FZJCXIDLUFPGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;toluene Chemical compound CC(C)O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 FZJCXIDLUFPGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
- B41N3/006—Cleaning, washing, rinsing or reclaiming of printing formes other than intaglio formes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
- C11D7/504—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents all solvents being halogenated hydrocarbons
- C11D7/5059—Mixtures containing (hydro)chlorocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02809—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine and fluorine
- C23G5/02812—Perhalogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02816—Ethanes
- C23G5/02819—C2Cl3F3
Definitions
- This invention relates to an azeotropic composition and particularly to the azeotropic mixture of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane and methyl alcohol.
- chloroiluoromethanes and chlorofluoroethanes have attained widespread use as speciality solvents in recent years, particularly trichlorofiuorornethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane.
- Both of these compounds are relatively low boiling liquids (CClgF, 23.8 C.; CCl FCClF 47.6 C.), which are nontoxic and nonfiammable, and which have satisfactory solvent power for greases, oils, waxes and the like. They have therefore found widespread use for cleaning electric motors, compressors, oxygen storage tanks, photographic film, lithographic plates, typewriters, instruments, gauges, sound tape, and as noncor-rosive brines.
- the chlorofiuoromethanes and chlorofluoroethanes have insufficient solvent power alone. This is particularly true in the electronic industry during the manufacture of printed circuits.
- Printed circuits are well known in the electronics art; and consist of a circuit formed from a soft metal on a solid, nonconducting surface such as a reinforced phenolic resin. During manufacture, the solid surface is coated with the metal, the desired portion of metal is coated with an impervious coating, and the excess metal is removed by etching with a suitable acid. After the excess metal has been removed, it is necessary to remove the impervious coating because solder joints must be made to the printed circuit and these will not form if the coating is present.
- the circuits are coated with a rosin flux to permit the joints to be soldered, which rosin flux must then be removed.
- the chlorofluoromethane and chlorofluoroethane solvents do not have sufficient solvent power to clean printed circuits; that is, to remove the rosin flux.
- azeotropic composition consisting of about 93.6% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and about 6.4% by weight of methyl alcohol and boiling at 39 C. at 760 mm. pressure.
- 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifiuoroethane and methyl alcohol when admixed in the above proportions, form an azeotrope which distils at constant composition, the liquid phase and the vapor phase in equilibrium therewith having the same composition.
- Such mixture is nonflammable and nontoxic in both the liquid phase and the vapor phase. It is useful as a heat exchange medium and as a hydraulic iluid. It is particularly useful as a solvent for greases, oils, waxes, and the like, in cleaning electric motors, compressors, photographic film, oxygen storage tanks, lithographic plates,
- the azeotrope of this invention has several advantages over the solvents heretofore employed for cleaning printed circuits.
- Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and methyl chloroform are unstable and require stabilizers, whereas the azeotropic composition of this invention does not.
- the azeotropic composition of this invention is more'eifective as a solvent for suchpurposes than trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene.
- Inhibited methyl chloroform (containing dioxane as a stabilizer) is too strong a solvent and attacks the backing of the printed circuits. Isopropyl alcohol-toluene blends are flammable and irritating.
- the azeotropic mixture-of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane and methyl alcohol does not suffer from any of these defects.
- the small concentration of methyl alcohol in the azeotropic mixture is insufficient to render the mixture materially more toxic than the trichlorotrifluoroethane.
- the azeotropic composition of this invention was obtained during the distillation of a mixture of 1780 grams of 1,1,Z-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 140 grams of ethyl alcohol and grams of methyl alcohol through a 1 inch x 38 inch column packed with Ms inch glass helices at a reflux ratio of 10/1 and a take off of 1 ml./min.
- the first fraction obtained was 994 grams of the azeo trope, containing 93.6% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 6.4% by weight of methyl alcohol and having a boiling point of 39 C. at 760 mm. pressure.
- the existence of the azeotrope was further confirmed when a mixture, containing 1700 grams of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 300 grams of methyl alcohol, was distilled through the same column and under the same conditions as above described.
- the first fraction distilled was 1792.4 grams of the azeotrope, containing 93.7% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 6.3% by weight of methyl alcohol,
- Printed circuit boards are usually prepared by impregnating glass cloth, nylon, or paper laminates with a phenol-formaldehyde resin or an epoxy resin.
- Printed circuits are prepared by a variety of methods. In a typical procedure, the board consists originally of a phenolic resin impregnated base to which is bonded a sheet of copper, 2 to 4 mils thick, covering one surface of the board. The desired circuit is drawn on the copper with an asphalt based ink, using the silk screen method. The excess copper is then removed by etching with a ferric chloride-hydrochloric acid bath, sometimes containing ammonium chloride, leaving on the board the copper that is covered by the ink.
- the asphalt ink is removed by cleaning with the azeotropic composition of this invention in an ultrasonic bath (some mechanical scrubbing is often used).
- the entire surface of the board is coated with a rosin flux and dried.
- the electronic components (resistors, capacitors, etc.) are then added at the proper places for soldering to the circuit.
- the board is then passed over a molten solder bath, contacting the desired joints with the molten metal, whereby the soldering is effected. After cooling, the excess rosin flux remaining on the board must be removed since, if present in the final assembly, it will lead to corrosion, poor electrical resistance and other deleterious properties.
- the board is cleaned by placing it in an ultrasonic bath operating at about 32 kilocycles per second and at about 25 C., where it remains for one minute. If 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is used alone as the solvent in the bath, it has no efiect on the rosin flux. If methyl alcohol is used alone as the solvent in the bath, about 40% of the flux is removed. If trichloroethylene is used as the solvent in the bath, about 5% to about 50% of the flux remains after the treatment.
- azeotropic composition of this invention in cleaning printed circuits is given for illustrative purposes solely, that this invention is not restricted to such specific embodiment and that other techniques may be employed. Also, the azeotropic composition can be used for other purposes as indicated in the general description.
- this invention provides a novel azeotropic composition which has unusual properties and which is useful for a wide variety of purposes. Accordingly, it will be apparent that this invention constitutes a valuable contribution to and advance in the art.
- An azeotropic composition consisting of about 93.6% by weight of 1,1,Z-trichloro-1,2,2-tuifluoroethane and about 6.4% by Weight of methyl alcohol and boiling at 39 C. and 760 mm. pressure.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
Description
J 2,999,816 Patented Sept. 1 2 1961 2,999,816 AZEOTROPIC COMPOSITION Edward J. Bennett, Newark, Del., and Howard M. Parmelee, Woodstown, N.J., assignors to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DeL, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Aug. 15, 1960, Ser. No. 49,427 1 Claim. (Cl. 252-171) This invention relates to an azeotropic composition and particularly to the azeotropic mixture of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane and methyl alcohol.
Several of the chloroiluoromethanes and chlorofluoroethanes have attained widespread use as speciality solvents in recent years, particularly trichlorofiuorornethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane. Both of these compounds are relatively low boiling liquids (CClgF, 23.8 C.; CCl FCClF 47.6 C.), which are nontoxic and nonfiammable, and which have satisfactory solvent power for greases, oils, waxes and the like. They have therefore found widespread use for cleaning electric motors, compressors, oxygen storage tanks, photographic film, lithographic plates, typewriters, instruments, gauges, sound tape, and as noncor-rosive brines.
For certain solvent purposes however, the chlorofiuoromethanes and chlorofluoroethanes have insufficient solvent power alone. This is particularly true in the electronic industry during the manufacture of printed circuits. Printed circuits are well known in the electronics art; and consist of a circuit formed from a soft metal on a solid, nonconducting surface such as a reinforced phenolic resin. During manufacture, the solid surface is coated with the metal, the desired portion of metal is coated with an impervious coating, and the excess metal is removed by etching with a suitable acid. After the excess metal has been removed, it is necessary to remove the impervious coating because solder joints must be made to the printed circuit and these will not form if the coating is present. After the impervious coating is removed, the circuits are coated with a rosin flux to permit the joints to be soldered, which rosin flux must then be removed. The chlorofluoromethane and chlorofluoroethane solvents do not have sufficient solvent power to clean printed circuits; that is, to remove the rosin flux.
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel azeotropic composition which has new and unusual properties. Another object is to provide an axeotropic composition which is valuable as a solvent, and particularly for cleaning printed circuits. A further object is to provide such a composition which is nonfiammable and substantially nontoxic, both in the liquid phase and in the vapor phase. Other objects are to provide new compositions of matter and to advance the art. Still other objects will appear hereinafter.
The above and other objects may be accomplished in accord with this invention which comprises an azeotropic composition consisting of about 93.6% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and about 6.4% by weight of methyl alcohol and boiling at 39 C. at 760 mm. pressure.
It has been found that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifiuoroethane and methyl alcohol, when admixed in the above proportions, form an azeotrope which distils at constant composition, the liquid phase and the vapor phase in equilibrium therewith having the same composition. Such mixture is nonflammable and nontoxic in both the liquid phase and the vapor phase. It is useful as a heat exchange medium and as a hydraulic iluid. It is particularly useful as a solvent for greases, oils, waxes, and the like, in cleaning electric motors, compressors, photographic film, oxygen storage tanks, lithographic plates,
is a poor solvent therefor, it has been foundthat the small proportion of methyl alcohol present in the azeotrope with the 1,1,2-trichloroe1,2,2-trifluoroethane sufiicientlymodifies the solvent properties of both compo.- nents so as to make the azeotrope an excellent solvent mixture for such'purposes.
The azeotrope of this invention has several advantages over the solvents heretofore employed for cleaning printed circuits. Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and methyl chloroform, are unstable and require stabilizers, whereas the azeotropic composition of this invention does not. The azeotropic composition of this invention is more'eifective as a solvent for suchpurposes than trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Inhibited methyl chloroform (containing dioxane as a stabilizer) is too strong a solvent and attacks the backing of the printed circuits. Isopropyl alcohol-toluene blends are flammable and irritating. The azeotropic mixture-of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane and methyl alcohol does not suffer from any of these defects. The small concentration of methyl alcohol in the azeotropic mixture is insufficient to render the mixture materially more toxic than the trichlorotrifluoroethane.
The azeotropic composition of this invention was obtained during the distillation of a mixture of 1780 grams of 1,1,Z-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 140 grams of ethyl alcohol and grams of methyl alcohol through a 1 inch x 38 inch column packed with Ms inch glass helices at a reflux ratio of 10/1 and a take off of 1 ml./min. The first fraction obtained was 994 grams of the azeo trope, containing 93.6% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 6.4% by weight of methyl alcohol and having a boiling point of 39 C. at 760 mm. pressure. Thereafter, there were obtained a fraction consisting of pure 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane at 42 C. and fractions which are nonazeotropic mixtures of 1,1,2-trich1oro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane with ethyl alcohol and small amounts of methyl alcohol.
The existence of the azeotrope was further confirmed when a mixture, containing 1700 grams of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 300 grams of methyl alcohol, was distilled through the same column and under the same conditions as above described. The first fraction distilled Was 1792.4 grams of the azeotrope, containing 93.7% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 6.3% by weight of methyl alcohol,
having a boiling point of 39 C. at 760* mm. pressure- At this point, insufficient 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2trifluor0- ethane remained to maintain the azeotrope, and non azeotropic mixtures of 1,1,Z-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane, containing higher concentrations of methyl alcohol, distilled.
Printed circuit boards are usually prepared by impregnating glass cloth, nylon, or paper laminates with a phenol-formaldehyde resin or an epoxy resin. Printed circuits are prepared by a variety of methods. In a typical procedure, the board consists originally of a phenolic resin impregnated base to which is bonded a sheet of copper, 2 to 4 mils thick, covering one surface of the board. The desired circuit is drawn on the copper with an asphalt based ink, using the silk screen method. The excess copper is then removed by etching with a ferric chloride-hydrochloric acid bath, sometimes containing ammonium chloride, leaving on the board the copper that is covered by the ink. After washing off the etch solution, the asphalt ink is removed by cleaning with the azeotropic composition of this invention in an ultrasonic bath (some mechanical scrubbing is often used). The entire surface of the board is coated with a rosin flux and dried. The electronic components (resistors, capacitors, etc.) are then added at the proper places for soldering to the circuit. The board is then passed over a molten solder bath, contacting the desired joints with the molten metal, whereby the soldering is effected. After cooling, the excess rosin flux remaining on the board must be removed since, if present in the final assembly, it will lead to corrosion, poor electrical resistance and other deleterious properties.
The board is cleaned by placing it in an ultrasonic bath operating at about 32 kilocycles per second and at about 25 C., where it remains for one minute. If 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is used alone as the solvent in the bath, it has no efiect on the rosin flux. If methyl alcohol is used alone as the solvent in the bath, about 40% of the flux is removed. If trichloroethylene is used as the solvent in the bath, about 5% to about 50% of the flux remains after the treatment. If the same cleaning operation is repeated on another circuit board using the azeotropic mixture of 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-tnifluoroethane and methyl alcohol as the solvent, the rosin flux is completely removed. Neither the 1,l,2-trichloro-1,2,2-triflnoroethane, the methyl alcohol, nor the azeotropic mixture thereof has any effect on the board which constitutes the backing of the printed circuit.
It will be understood that the preceding detailed description of the use of the azeotropic composition of this invention in cleaning printed circuits is given for illustrative purposes solely, that this invention is not restricted to such specific embodiment and that other techniques may be employed. Also, the azeotropic composition can be used for other purposes as indicated in the general description.
From the preceding description, it will be apparent that this invention provides a novel azeotropic composition which has unusual properties and which is useful for a wide variety of purposes. Accordingly, it will be apparent that this invention constitutes a valuable contribution to and advance in the art.
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
An azeotropic composition consisting of about 93.6% by weight of 1,1,Z-trichloro-1,2,2-tuifluoroethane and about 6.4% by Weight of methyl alcohol and boiling at 39 C. and 760 mm. pressure.
References Cited in the file of this patent Industrial Solvents, Mellan, 2nd ed. (1950), pp. 48- 79, 372-373, 448-453.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US49427A US2999816A (en) | 1960-08-15 | 1960-08-15 | Azeotropic composition |
US49436A US2999817A (en) | 1960-08-15 | 1960-08-15 | Azeotropic composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US49427A US2999816A (en) | 1960-08-15 | 1960-08-15 | Azeotropic composition |
US49436A US2999817A (en) | 1960-08-15 | 1960-08-15 | Azeotropic composition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2999816A true US2999816A (en) | 1961-09-12 |
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ID=26727164
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US49436A Expired - Lifetime US2999817A (en) | 1960-08-15 | 1960-08-15 | Azeotropic composition |
US49427A Expired - Lifetime US2999816A (en) | 1960-08-15 | 1960-08-15 | Azeotropic composition |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US49436A Expired - Lifetime US2999817A (en) | 1960-08-15 | 1960-08-15 | Azeotropic composition |
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Cited By (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3275563A (en) * | 1962-08-03 | 1966-09-27 | Dick Co Ab | Offset erasing fluid |
US3340199A (en) * | 1964-04-02 | 1967-09-05 | Ici Ltd | Azeotropic halogenated hydrocarbonalcohol solvent composition |
US3400077A (en) * | 1965-12-22 | 1968-09-03 | Allied Chem | Fluorinated hydrocarbon containing compositions |
US3431211A (en) * | 1965-03-05 | 1969-03-04 | Du Pont | Azeotropic compositions |
US3477952A (en) * | 1966-07-01 | 1969-11-11 | Du Pont | Azeotropic composition |
US3530073A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1970-09-22 | Union Carbide Corp | Azeotropic composition |
US3539462A (en) * | 1968-10-17 | 1970-11-10 | Union Carbide Corp | Azeotropic composition |
US3625763A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1971-12-07 | Bunker Ramo | Conformal coating stripping method and composition |
US3663255A (en) * | 1969-12-01 | 1972-05-16 | Dow Chemical Co | Composition containing chlorinated hydrocarbons ketones and glycol ethers, for reflowing organic surfaces |
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US3915875A (en) * | 1973-03-23 | 1975-10-28 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Low temperature fluid |
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US4973421A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1990-11-27 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Azeotropic solvent composition |
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US3212998A (en) * | 1962-12-06 | 1965-10-19 | Dow Chemical Co | Azeotropic distillation of bromine |
US3282853A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | 1966-11-01 | Du Pont | Azeotropic composition and process for attenuating magnetic ink characters |
US3330776A (en) * | 1964-12-08 | 1967-07-11 | Du Pont | Trichlorotrifluoroethane hexafluoropropanol composition |
US3332881A (en) * | 1964-12-21 | 1967-07-25 | Du Pont | Azeotropic composition |
US3351560A (en) * | 1965-04-09 | 1967-11-07 | Dow Chemical Co | Solvent composition |
DE2002285B2 (en) * | 1970-01-20 | 1973-08-16 | Farbwerke Hoechst AG, vormals Mei ster Lucius & Brumng, 6000 Frankfurt | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE TEXTILE AND FAIRING PROPERTIES OF TEXTILE MATERIALS CONTAINING OR CONTAINING POLYESTERS |
US3951843A (en) * | 1973-01-09 | 1976-04-20 | Lfe Corporation | Fluorocarbon composition for use in plasma removal of photoresist material from semiconductor devices |
FR2231771A1 (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1974-12-27 | Cerca | Corrosion protection of uranium radiation shields - by cleaning surface then electrode positing nickel, zinc, cadmium or nickel-tin alloy |
US4055521A (en) * | 1975-10-08 | 1977-10-25 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Constant boiling ternary compositions and the process for using such compositions in the preparation of polyurethane foam |
DE2835284C2 (en) * | 1978-08-11 | 1981-09-24 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Solvent used in the fuser of a printer or copier |
US4476036A (en) * | 1983-09-12 | 1984-10-09 | Allied Corporation | Quaternary 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro azeotropic cleaning composition |
US4873021A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-10-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of trichlorotrifluoroethane and dichlorodifluoroethane |
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US5073290A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-trifluormethypentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
US5221361A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1993-06-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5,-octafluoro-4-trifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
US5073288A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-trifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
US5023009A (en) * | 1990-10-03 | 1991-06-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Binary azeotropic compositions of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-methoxypropane and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol-1 |
US5039445A (en) * | 1990-10-03 | 1991-08-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ternary azeotropic compositions of N-perfluorobutylethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene with methanol or ethanol or isopropanol |
US5037573A (en) * | 1990-10-03 | 1991-08-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Binary azeotropic compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and n-perfluorobutylethylene |
US5037572A (en) * | 1990-10-03 | 1991-08-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ternary azeotropic compositions of n-perfluorobutylethylene and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene with methanol or ethanol or isopropanol |
US5171902A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-12-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Saturated linear polyfluorohydrocarbons, processes for their production, and their use in cleaning compositions |
US5076956A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1991-12-31 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of octafluorotrifluoromethylpentane and nonafluorotrifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
US5250213A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1993-10-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,6-undecafluorohexane and use thereof in compositions and processes for cleaning |
US5268122A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1993-12-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Gem-dihydropolyfluoroalkanes and monohydropolyfluoroalkenes, processes for their production, and use of gem-dihydropolyfluoroalkanes in cleaning compositions |
US6030934A (en) | 1997-02-19 | 2000-02-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Azeotropic compositions of methoxy-perfluoropropane and their use |
US5851977A (en) * | 1997-08-26 | 1998-12-22 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Nonflammable organic solvent compositions |
US8592538B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-11-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Azeotropes of methyl chloride with fluorocarbons |
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US2155510A (en) * | 1935-03-16 | 1939-04-25 | Lewis L Scott | Air conditioning system |
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Cited By (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3275563A (en) * | 1962-08-03 | 1966-09-27 | Dick Co Ab | Offset erasing fluid |
US3340199A (en) * | 1964-04-02 | 1967-09-05 | Ici Ltd | Azeotropic halogenated hydrocarbonalcohol solvent composition |
US3431211A (en) * | 1965-03-05 | 1969-03-04 | Du Pont | Azeotropic compositions |
US3400077A (en) * | 1965-12-22 | 1968-09-03 | Allied Chem | Fluorinated hydrocarbon containing compositions |
US3477952A (en) * | 1966-07-01 | 1969-11-11 | Du Pont | Azeotropic composition |
US3530073A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1970-09-22 | Union Carbide Corp | Azeotropic composition |
US3539462A (en) * | 1968-10-17 | 1970-11-10 | Union Carbide Corp | Azeotropic composition |
US3625763A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1971-12-07 | Bunker Ramo | Conformal coating stripping method and composition |
US3663255A (en) * | 1969-12-01 | 1972-05-16 | Dow Chemical Co | Composition containing chlorinated hydrocarbons ketones and glycol ethers, for reflowing organic surfaces |
US3691092A (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1972-09-12 | Du Pont | 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol/c1 to c4 alkanol complexes |
US3846332A (en) * | 1971-08-02 | 1974-11-05 | Airco Inc | Azeotropes of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether with acetone, methyl ethylketone and tetrahydrofuran |
US3957531A (en) * | 1971-09-27 | 1976-05-18 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Two tank cleaning process using a contaminated cleaning mixture capable of forming an azeotrope |
US3936387A (en) * | 1972-02-04 | 1976-02-03 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Azeotrope of 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and methanol |
US3846327A (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1974-11-05 | Union Carbide Corp | Azeotropic composition |
US3881949A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1975-05-06 | Du Pont | Vapor degreaser process employing trichlorotrifluoroethane and ethanol |
US3915875A (en) * | 1973-03-23 | 1975-10-28 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Low temperature fluid |
US4035258A (en) * | 1973-08-27 | 1977-07-12 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Azeotropic compositions |
US3940342A (en) * | 1973-09-13 | 1976-02-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Azeotrope of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane and trichlorofluoromethane |
US4002573A (en) * | 1973-09-13 | 1977-01-11 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Azeotropes of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane |
DE2533357A1 (en) * | 1974-07-25 | 1976-02-05 | Du Pont | AZEOTROPIC COMPOSITION |
US3960746A (en) * | 1974-07-25 | 1976-06-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like compositions of methanol, nitromethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane |
US4024086A (en) * | 1975-08-06 | 1977-05-17 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Constant boiling admixtures |
US4062794A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-12-13 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and nitromethane |
US4303558A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1981-12-01 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Cleaning composition comprising 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and an alcohol |
US4440963A (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1984-04-03 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Production of MTBE and ETBE |
US4662948A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1987-05-05 | Electric Power Research Institute | On-site removal of PCB and dioxins from soils |
EP0230455A1 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-08-05 | SMITH, Richard Daniel | Treatment of cellulosic materials |
EP0230455A4 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-11-12 | Richard Daniel Smith | Treatment of cellulosic materials. |
US4655956A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-07 | Allied Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol, nitromethane and hexane |
US4654160A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-03-31 | Allied Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol, acetone, nitromethane and hexane |
US4683075A (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1987-07-28 | Allied Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol, nitromethane, acetone, and methyl acetate |
US4715900A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1987-12-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, dichlorodifluoroethane and methanol/ethanol |
US4767561A (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1988-08-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
EP0309082A1 (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1989-03-29 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | An azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol and 1,2-dichlorethylene |
US4973421A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1990-11-27 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Azeotropic solvent composition |
EP0327282A1 (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1989-08-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Stabilized azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, methanol and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
US4873015A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1989-10-10 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, methanol, nitromethane and dimethoxymethane |
US4904407A (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-02-27 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, methanol, nitromethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene and 1-chloropropane |
US4900470A (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-02-13 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, methanol, nitromethane and 1-chloropropane |
US4971085A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-11-20 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,3-trifluoroethane, methanol, nitromethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene, acetone and hexane |
US4973362A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-11-27 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, methanol, nitromethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene and hexane |
US4936923A (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-06-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane with cis-1,2-dichloroethylene and n-propanol or isopropanol with or without nitromethane |
US4954289A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1990-09-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropes of hydrogen-containing halocarbons with butanes |
US5066417A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1991-11-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Binary azeotropic compositions of 2,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane with methanol, ethanol, or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene |
EP0411778A1 (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1991-02-06 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ternary azeotropic compositions of 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane with trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and methanol |
US5034149A (en) * | 1990-03-21 | 1991-07-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Binary azeotropic compositions of 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane with methanol or ethanol, or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene |
US5035830A (en) * | 1990-03-21 | 1991-07-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Binary azeotropic compositions of hexafluoropropylene/ethylene cyclic dimer with methanol or ethanol |
US5023010A (en) * | 1990-07-23 | 1991-06-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Binary azeotropic compositions of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-methoxypropane with methanol or isopropanol or N-propanol |
US5098595A (en) * | 1990-07-23 | 1992-03-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ternary azeotropic compositions of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-methoxypropane and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene with methanol or ethanol or isopropanol or n-propanol |
US5026498A (en) * | 1990-10-03 | 1991-06-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Binary azeotropic compositions of 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-methoxypropane with one of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane or 1,2-dichloro-1,1,-difluoroethane |
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