US2985198A - Weaving looms - Google Patents

Description

May 23, 1961 H. M. PATERNAYAN WEAVING LOOMS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed 001;. 22, 1956 INVENTOR.

Mun/7, L [dc/ 4 Mai/mason d Marc'fi ATTORNEYS Unite States Patent 2,985,198 WEAVING LOOMS Harry M. Paternayan, 10 W. 33rd St., New York, N.Y. Filed Oct. 22, 1956, Ser. No. 617,615 8 Claims. (Cl. 139-33) This invention relates to Weaving looms, and more particularly to looms adapted to be hand operated, as for example those intended for hobbyists and other do-ityourself groups.

An object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved hand loom for weaving various kinds of fabrics, rugs, etc., wherein means are provided which greatly facilitate the laying in or applying of the weft to the warp threads.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved loom having means as above outlined, wherein the various components and structures involved are extremely simple, easy to fabricate and to assemble.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved weaving loom in accordance with the above, wherein the actuation, while still by hand, is greatly simplified and requires but a minimum of skill and dexterity.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings accompanying this specification, similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts when ever possible in the several views, in which:

Figure 1 is a front elevational view of an improved loom made in accordance with the invention, showing warp threads started on the loom framework.

Figure 2 is a view like Figure 1, but with the warp threads pushed to the left, in more closely spaced relation.

Figure 3 is a view like Figures 1 and 2, but with the loom framework completely filled with warp threads. Some of such threads have been omitted for the sake of simplicity of illustration.

Figure 4 is a sectional view, enlarged, taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view, enlarged, of a portion of the woven material produced by the loom of this invention.

Figure 6 is a transverse sectional view of one type of novel thread shifting bar as provided by the invention.

Figure 7 is a view like Figure 6, but showing another type of thread shifting bar.

Figure 8 is a view like Figures 6 and 7, but showing still another type of thread shifting bar.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary front elevational view of a modified loom made in accordance with the invention.

Figure 10 is a section taken on the line 1010 of Figure 9.

As shown, the improved weaving loom of this invention comprises a generally rectangular frame 10 which may in general be conventional in its construction, having side rails 11 and 12, and top and bottom or end rails 13 and 14 respectively. The top rail 13 may be fixedly attached to the side rails 11 and 12, whereas the rail 14 may be movable in slots 16 provided in the side rails, as shown in Figure 4.

In the usual manner, conventional turn buckles 17 may be provided, secured to brackets 18 on the side rails 11 and 12 and secured to the bottom or end rail 14 to apply downward force thereto as needed in tensioning the warp threads.

The warp thread for the woven article may be supplied from a spool or bobbin 20, such thread passing through a guide 21 secured to the side rail 12 and at its end 22 being then tied to a rigid floating bar 23 which may be hand held during the applying of the warp threads 24 to the frame. The procedure employed for this operation is well illustrated in Figure 1, involving the forming of loops in the thread coming from the spool 20 and alternately passing such loops from the rear of the frame either forwardly over the top rail 13 or forwardly under the bottom rail 14, the loops being hung on the floating bar 23. For example, in Figure 1 the last loop which has been applied to the bar 23 is indicated at 26, such loop having been brought forward over the top rail 13 of the frame.

As the warp threads 24 accumulate on the frame, they are periodically shifted from right to left, as indicated in Figure 2, and this procedure is followed until the entire frame is completely filled with warp threads, as in Figure 3. At such time, the floating bar 23 is shifted downward to the position shown in Figure 3 wherein it rests in front of the lower frame member or rail 14. The turn buckles 17 may now be tightened, where this is necessary to increase the tautness of the Warp threads 24.

In accordance with the present invention I provide a novel and improved means by which there is greatly facilitated the operation of passing weft threads between the warp threads 24. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, this means comprises a rigid bar "30 having on it a plurality of eye members '31 adapted to encircle and hold captive alternate ones of the warp threads 24. The bar 30, which I term hereinafter a thread-eye bar, may have various shapes or cross sections, and the eyes 31 may have various configurations. In Figures 4 and 6 the bar 30 is shown as having generally a circular cross section, with a longitudinal groove 32 by which there is provided longitudinally-extending, opposed shoulders 33 and 34. The eyes 31 may be formed of short lengths of wire made into loops, said loops having pointed ends 36 and broad ends 37, with the extremities of the wires twisted together as shown at 38. The twisted extremities 38 thus occupy the groove '32 and constitute, with the walls of the groove, a positioning means by which the eyes 31 are maintained substantially in alignment with each other and prevented from turning about the bar 30.

Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the bar 30 is secured by means of blocks 40 to the side rails 11 and 12 of the frame 10 after the eyes have first been engaged with or made to enclose alternate warp threads.

The operation of placing the loops or eyes 31 around the threads 24 is done piecemeal; that is, one loop or eye at a time (removed from the bar 30 and prior to making the twist 38) is placed around the proper warp thread and then the twist is made and the eye is slid over the bar, and so on.

In conjunction with the thread eye bar 30 and the eyes 31 a movable bar 42 is provided, said bar being passed between the two groups of the warp threads as now distinguished by the eyes 31. That is, the movable bar 42 is passed in front of those warp threads 24, Figure 4, which are held captive by the eyes 31, and passed in back of those warp threads 24 which do not pass through the eyes 31. With this organization it is possible, by either raising or lowering the movable bar 42 in conjunction with the thread eye bar 30, to arrange the captive threads 24 either in front of the non-captive threads, as illustrated by the full lines in Figure 4, or else in back of the noncaptive threads, as illustrated by the broken lines in Figure 4. For instance, when the bar 42 is in its raised position, the first-mentioned condition exists, whereas when the bar 42 is lowered to the broken line position shown, the second-mentioned condition exists. For each such condition of separation there exists a space, either the space 44 or the space 45, between the sets of warp threads, andit is thus an easy and simple matter to pass a weft thread through said space, as by means of a suitable shuttle or other instrumentality. Therefore, a starting selvage of weft threads, indicated at 50 in Figure 5, may be easily applied to the warp threads 24, after which individual tufts 51 may be placed on the warp threads in the manner indicated. Thereafter, weft threads 52 may be applied to the warp threads, again utilizing the bar 42 in conjunction with the thread eye bar 30, and so on.

As the weft threads and tufts are applied they are of course pushed downward along the warp threads to form the woven fabric as indicated at 54 in Figure 4.

Instead of the bar 30 and eyes 31 shown in Figure 6, a modified structure may be provided in accordance with the showing of Figure 7. This structure comprises a rigid bar 56 having a longitudinal groove 57 and having attached to it in said groove a T-section strip 58, such strip forming with the groove 57 two L-section slots as shown. The thread eyes 60 have pointed ends 61 and broad ends 62, the latter being generally rounded and having inturned, parallel extremities 63. With this organization, the eyes 60 may be readily slipped onto the rod 56 by starting at one end thereof, as with the construction of Figure 6.

In Figure 8 there is shown a bar 70 of rectangular cross section, having a longitudinal groove '71 in which there is fastened a T-section strip 73 forming L-section slots of the groove 71. The thread eye 73 has a pointed end 74 and a broad end 73, the latter having inturned parallel extremities 76. V

In Figures 9 and there is shown a frame 10a having rail members 11a, 12a, 13a and 14a. The rail members 11a and 12a have bearing blocks 80 and 81 mounting crank arms 82 and 83 respectively, said arms carrying thread eye bars 84 and 85 adapted to carry thread eyes 86. The crank arms 82 and 83 are connected with arms 87 and 88 respectively, which are actuated by wires or strings 89 and 90 leading to suitable treadles (not shown). those alternate threads which are not engaged and held captive by the thread eyes 86 on the bar 84, and actuation of the bars 84 and 85 by the treadles will separate the sets of warp threads, as indicated in Figure 10, bring ing one set either in front of or behind the other set, thereby to facilitate insertion of the weft.

It will be readily apparent that, by the above construction, I have providedan extremely simple, 'econom ical-to-manufacture and easily-operated means for sep arating alternate sets of warp threads so as' to facilitate the insertion of the Weft.

Variations and modifications may be made within the scope of the claims, and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

I claim:

1. A loom comprising a frame having a pair of rigid, elongate members disposed in spaced, coextensive relation to each other and adapted to support warp threads extending between the members; a rigid bar disposed bewardly on the eyes and adapted to engage the said shoulders.

2. A loom comprising a frame having a pair. of rigid, elongate members disposed in spaced, coextensive relation to each other and adapted to support warp threads,

The thread eyes 86 on the bar 85 hold captive extending between the members; a rigid bar disposed between said members in spaced, coextensive relation thereto; a plurality of eyes carried by and spaced along said bar and adapted to extend around and hold captive alternate warp threads; cooperable means on the bar and on the eyes, positioning the latter and holding the same aligned on the bar against turning, said bar being round and having a longitudinally extending groove; a T-section strip secured to said bar in the groove thereof, thereby to divide the groove into two substantially L-section slots, and the said eyes comprising elongate, non-continuous loops having inturned ends adapted to be received in and held captive by said L-section slots.

3. A loom comprising a frame having a pair of rigid, elongate members disposed in spaced, coextensive relationto each other and adapted to support warp threads extending between the members; a rigid bar disposed between said members in spaced, coextensive relation thereto; a plurality of eyes carried by and spaced along said bar and adapted to extend around and hold captive alternate warp threads; cooperable means on the bar and on the eyes, positioning the latter and holding the same aligned on the bar against turning, said bar being of rectangular cross-section and having longitudinally extending grooves; and a T-section strip secured to said bar in the groove, thereby to divide the groove into two, substantially L-section slots, the said eyes comprising elongate, non-continuous loops having inturned ends adapted to be received in and held captive by said L-section slots.

4. A loom comprising a frame having a pair of rigid, elongate members disposedin spaced, coextensive relation to each other and adapted to support warp threads extending between the members; a rigid bar disposed between said members in spaced, coextensive relation thereto; and a plurality of eyes carried by and spaced along said bar and adapted to extend around and hold captive alternate warp threads, the said eyes comprising loops, each loop being of elongate configuration and being pointed at one end, the other ends of the loops being relatively broad and rounded and said rounded ends having inturned, substantially parallel extremities. a

5. A loom comprising a frame having a pair of rigid, elongate members disposed in spaced, coextensive relation to each other and adapted to support Warp threads extending between the members; a rigid stationary heddle bar disposed and fixed between said members in spaced,

coextensive relation thereto, said bar having a longitudinal groove extending for its full length; a plurality of eyes constituted as pieces separate from each other and separate from the bar, said eyes being removably carried by and being spaced along said bar and having means extending into the groove of the bar to prevent turning of the eyes on the bar, and said eyes being further adapted to extend around and hold captive a set of alternate warp threads in positions out of the plane in which the remaining set of alternate warp threads lies; and a second rigid bar interposed between said set of alternate warp threads and the remaining set of alternate warp threads, said second rigid bar being laterally movable in opposite directions, thereby to effect desired opposite separations of the sets of warp threads, said lateral movement of the second rigid bar being generally parallel to the plane containing the first-mentioned rigid bar and one of the pair of rigid frame'members.

' 6. The invention as defined in claim 5 in which the eyes are constituted of lengths of bent wires loosely carried by the bar, and in which the ends of the wires and the groove of the bar constitute cooperable means on the bar and the eyes, for positioning the latter and holding the same aligned on the bar against turning.

7. The inventiontas defined in claim 6 in which the eyes comprise loops loosely carried by' the bar, each loop being of elongate configuration and being pointed at one end, the other ends of the loops being relatively broad. v i

5 6 8. The invention as defined in claim 7 in which the 2,241,318 Robson May 6, 1941 said other ends of the loops are rounded. 2,437,716 Tiefenthal Mar. 16, 1948 2,481,955 Simons Sept. 13, 1949 References Cited m the file of th1s patent 5 FOREIGN PATENTS UNITED STATES PATENTS 616,279 France Oct. 26, 1926 2,209,597 Clark et a1. July 30, 1940 732,541 Great Britain June 29, 1955

Images