US2972179A - Method for producing molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liner - Google Patents
Method for producing molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2972179A US2972179A US301552A US30155252A US2972179A US 2972179 A US2972179 A US 2972179A US 301552 A US301552 A US 301552A US 30155252 A US30155252 A US 30155252A US 2972179 A US2972179 A US 2972179A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molybdenum
- troughs
- assemblage
- pair
- producing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 19
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/152—Making rifle and gunbarrels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in methods of making gun liners and more particularly to improved methods of producing molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners.
- An important object of the invention is to provide a method of making molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners of suitable strength and hardness.
- Another object of the invention is the provision of a method of making molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners from rolled shapes.
- a further object is to provide a method of making molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners from rolled shapes and having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifling.
- a still further object is the provision of a method of makingmolybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners from a pair of semicylindrical troughs.
- Fig. l is a perspective view of a rectangular bar of molybdenum or molybdenum alloy showing the initial shape of one half of the gun liner;
- Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic side elevational view illustrating a step in the rolling of the rectangular bar into a flat plate
- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a rolled flat plate produced from the initial rectangular shape shown in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of complementary die portions used in forging the rolled shape into a semicylindrical trough
- Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are diagrammatic views in end elevation illustrating successive forging of :1 rolled flat shape into a semicylindrical trough;
- Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic fragmentary view partly in side elevation and partly in central longitudinal section showing the assemblage of a pair of troughs on a tungsten rod and clamped in a twisting device;
- Fig. 9 is a fragmentary side view of a twisted seam liner formed by the hereindescribed method.
- Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic front elevational view illustrating a step in the rolling of a rectangular bar into a reduced rectangular shape
- Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view in end elevation illustratingthe forging of the rolled rectangular shape of Fig. 10 into a semicylindrical trough.
- Figs. 1-8 of the drawing is illustrated a method of making a'gun liner from square or rectangular bars rolled flat and then forged to form troughs.
- Material rolling schedule 1 Pass Temperature, Thickness, Reduction, Remarks Time inches inches 1,500 0"... 1.250 0 Leveling pass. 1,500 1 000 .250 Held in furnace until 1,500 G. is reached.
- This straightening may be done manually or by drop hammer on fiat dies in the temperature range of 950 to 1250 C. depending on alloy content.
- each straight flat strip 18 is laid in the first stepdie 19 and shaped rapidly before too much cooling takes place. reheated and hammered in the second step die 20. To finish the forging operation a final hammering is done in the finishing die 21.
- the shoulders of the straight troughs are machined so that when placed together, two troughs 22, 23 will form a cylinder.
- the two halves 22, 23 are assembled, with a tungsten rod 26 therebetween, and bound together with molybdenum wire 27.
- the entire assembly is heated to a temperature of the order of 1100 C. to 1250 C. and then placed in coaxially aligned spaced end clamps 28, 29, one 28 being fixed.
- the other clamp 28 is rotated a sufi'icient number of degrees to produce in the trough assembly 25 an axial twist 3% having a pitch correspond ing substantially to that of rifling.
- Figs. 10 and 11 an optional method of producing semicylindrical troughs for subsequent twisting into spiral grained cylinders as hereinbefore described using the equipment illustrated in Fig. 8.
- This second method consists in rolling heat treated square or rectangular bars 31 on cylindrical rolls 32, 33 from the approxiate dimensions of .75" X .875" to .60" x .375", and then forging the resultant rolled bars 31 in the finishing groove 21 of the troughing die as shown in Fig. 11. 3
- the rectangular bars 31 are straight-
- the partly formed trough is then 3 ened at 1100" C. to fit the finishing die;
- the straight bars then are forged into trough shape by repeated hammering in the finishing trough 21 of the die used in the previously described method.
- the forged troughs then are matched for size, tested for physical characteristics,
Description
1961 s. v. c HBERT ETA 2,972,179
M on FOR nucmc MOLYBD M MOLYBDEINUM ALLOY GUN LINER Filed July 29. 1952 L IN.
INVENTORS STUART I! GUTHBERT DONALD WROUGHTON BY (Q 5 MNEYS United States Patent METHOD FOR PRODUCING MOLYBDENUM OR MOLYBDENUM ALLOY GUN LINER Stuart V. Cnthbert, North Caldwell, N.I., and Donald Wroughton, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignors, by mesne asslgnments, to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Filed July 29, 1952, Ser. No. 301,552
9 Claims. (Cl. 29--1.1)
The present invention relates to improvements in methods of making gun liners and more particularly to improved methods of producing molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners.
An important object of the invention is to provide a method of making molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners of suitable strength and hardness.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a method of making molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners from rolled shapes.
A further object is to provide a method of making molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners from rolled shapes and having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifling.
A still further object is the provision of a method of makingmolybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liners from a pair of semicylindrical troughs.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig. l is a perspective view of a rectangular bar of molybdenum or molybdenum alloy showing the initial shape of one half of the gun liner;
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic side elevational view illustrating a step in the rolling of the rectangular bar into a flat plate;
' Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a rolled flat plate produced from the initial rectangular shape shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of complementary die portions used in forging the rolled shape into a semicylindrical trough;
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are diagrammatic views in end elevation illustrating successive forging of :1 rolled flat shape into a semicylindrical trough;
Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic fragmentary view partly in side elevation and partly in central longitudinal section showing the assemblage of a pair of troughs on a tungsten rod and clamped in a twisting device;
Fig. 9 is a fragmentary side view of a twisted seam liner formed by the hereindescribed method;
Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic front elevational view illustrating a step in the rolling of a rectangular bar into a reduced rectangular shape; and
Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view in end elevation illustratingthe forging of the rolled rectangular shape of Fig. 10 into a semicylindrical trough.
In Figs. 1-8 of the drawing is illustrated a method of making a'gun liner from square or rectangular bars rolled flat and then forged to form troughs.
For the production of caliber .50 gun liners, the method at 18 in Fig. 3, in three steps in dies 1 21 of graduated curvature as illustrated in Figs. 4-7 to form semicylindrical troughs. After machining the shoulders of the.
Material rolling schedule 1 Pass Temperature, Thickness, Reduction, Remarks Time inches inches 1,500 0"... 1.250 0 Leveling pass. 1,500 1 000 .250 Held in furnace until 1,500 G. is reached.
1,500 C 810 190 Do. 2 minutes 720 .090 1% minutes .645 .075
1 minute 570 075 minute"- 495 075 V, 1'I1inute 435 060 }4 minute... 375 060 minute. 320 055 N0. Reheat 285 035 minutc 255 030 N o Reheat 230 025 Before forging the rolled blanks 18 into troughs, the
After reheating, each straight flat strip 18 is laid in the first stepdie 19 and shaped rapidly before too much cooling takes place. reheated and hammered in the second step die 20. To finish the forging operation a final hammering is done in the finishing die 21.
The shoulders of the straight troughs are machined so that when placed together, two troughs 22, 23 will form a cylinder. The two halves 22, 23 are assembled, with a tungsten rod 26 therebetween, and bound together with molybdenum wire 27. The entire assembly is heated to a temperature of the order of 1100 C. to 1250 C. and then placed in coaxially aligned spaced end clamps 28, 29, one 28 being fixed. The other clamp 28 is rotated a sufi'icient number of degrees to produce in the trough assembly 25 an axial twist 3% having a pitch correspond ing substantially to that of rifling.
In Figs. 10 and 11 is shown an optional method of producing semicylindrical troughs for subsequent twisting into spiral grained cylinders as hereinbefore described using the equipment illustrated in Fig. 8. This second method consists in rolling heat treated square or rectangular bars 31 on cylindrical rolls 32, 33 from the approxiate dimensions of .75" X .875" to .60" x .375", and then forging the resultant rolled bars 31 in the finishing groove 21 of the troughing die as shown in Fig. 11. 3
For example, the following schedule was used for molybdenum plus ll0% cobalt.
consists in rolling properly heat treated squareor rectangular bars, such as the bar 15 shown in Fig. 1, having an approximate size of .875" x 1.125", to a thickness of .230, as by successive passes between pairs of cylinder rolls such as the rolls 16, 17 shown in Fig. 2, and then forging the resultant flat plates, one of which is shown ate rial rolling schedule 2 When necessary, the rectangular bars 31 are straight- The partly formed trough is then 3 ened at 1100" C. to fit the finishing die; The straight bars then are forged into trough shape by repeated hammering in the finishing trough 21 of the die used in the previously described method. The forged troughs then are matched for size, tested for physical characteristics,
or subjected to annealing or twisting as hereinbefore desemblage to a temperature of the order of 1l00 to 125 (3., and while heated approximately to said temperature, axially twisting the assemblage in a direction and to a degree such as to transform said troughs into an integral tubular cylinder having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifiing. 7
2. The method of producing a molybdenum gun liner, starting with a'pair of rolled molybdenum shapes, which consists in forging said shapes into a pair of semicylindrical troughs, encirclingly mounting said pair of troughs on a rod shaped tungsten core, to form an assemblage, heating said assemblage to a temperature of the order' of ll00 to 1250" C., and while heated approximately to said temperature, axially twisting the assemblage in a direction and to a degree'such as to transform said troughs into an integral tubular cylinder having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifting. i s
3; The method of producing a molybdenum gun liner, starting with a pair of rolled molybdenum shapes which consists in forging said 'sh'apesinto a pair of semicylindrical troughs terminating at opposite sides in shoulders, machining said shoulders to accurate conformity with said semicylindricm shape, encirclingly mounting said pair of troughs on a rod shaped tungsten core' to form an assemblage, heating said assemblage to a temperature of the'order of 1100" to 1250 C., and while heated approximately to said temperature, axially twisting the assemblage in 'a'direction and to a degree such as to transform said troughs into' an integral tubular cylinder having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of killing. 7
4. .Themethod of producing a molybdenum gun liner, starting with molybdenum rectangular bar stock, which consists in heating said bar stock to a temperature of. the order of1500 C., rolling said bar stock whileso heated to form a pair of rolledplates, forging said plateswhile 'stillhot' to form a pair of semicylindrical troughs, encirclingly mountingsaid pair of troughs on a rod shaped tungsten core to form an assemblage, heating said assemblage to a temperature of the order of ll00 to 1250 C., and while heated approximately to said last mentioned temperature, axially twisting the assemblage in a direction and to a'degree such as to transform said troughs into an integral tubular cylinder having a helical grain therein of a pitch substmtially corresponding to that of rifling.
5; The method of producing a molybdenum with approximately 0.1% cobalt alloy gun liner, starting with an assemblage of a pair of semicylindrical molybdenum alloy troughs encirclingly mounted on a rod; shaped tungsten core, which consists in heating said assemblage to a temheated approximately to said temperature, axially twisting the assemblage in a direction and to a degree such as to trzmsform said troughs into :an integral tubular cylinder having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifting.
6. The method of producing' a molybdenum with approximately 0.1% cobalt alloy gun liner, starting with a pair of rolled molybdenum alloy shapes, which consists in forging said shapes into a pair of semicylindrical troughs, encirclin gly mounting-said pair of troughs on a rod'shaped' tungsten core, to form an assemblage, heating said assemblage to a temperature of the order of 1100" to 1250 C., and while heated approximately to said temperature, axially twisting the assemblage in a direction and to a degree such as to transform said troughs into an integral tubular cylinder having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifiing.
7. The method of producing a molybdenum with approximately O.1% cobalt alloy gunliner, starting with a pair of rolled molybdenum alloy shapes which consists of forging said shapes into a pair of semicylindrical troughs terminating at opposite sides'in shoulders, machining said shoulders to accurate conformity with said semicylindrical shape, encirclingly mounting said pair of troughs on a rod shaped tungsten core to form an assemblage, heating said assemblage to a temperature of the order of 1100 to 1250 C., and while heated approximately to said temperature, axially twisting the assemblage in a direction and to a degree such as to transformsaid troughs into 'an'integral tubular: cylinder having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifting. I
' 8.- The method of producing a molybdenum withiapproximately 0.1% cobalt alloy gun liner, starting with molybdenum alloy rectangular bar stock, which consists in heatingrsaid bar stock to a temperature of'the'order of 1500 C.,rolling-said bar stock while so heated to. form a pair of rolled plates, forging said plates'while still hot to form a pair of semicylindrical; troughs, encirclingly mounting said pair of troughs on a rod shaped tungsten core to form an assemblage, heating said-assemblage to a temperature of theorder ot- 1l00 to 1250 C., and
while heated approximately to said'last mentioned tern-.
' perature, axially twisting the assemblage in a direction and to a degree such as to transform said troughs: into an integral tubular cylinder having a helicalgrain therej in ofa pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifiing.
9'. The method of producing a gun liner, starting with i a pair of rolled shapes, which consists in forging said shapes into apair of semicylindrical troughs terminating at opposite sides in shoulders, machining said shoulders to accurate conformitywith said sernicylindrical shape, encirclingly mounting said pair of troughs on a rod shaped core to form an assemblage, heating said assemblage to a proper Working temperature, and while .so heated axially twisting the assemblage in a direction and to a degree such as to transform said troughs into an integral tubular cylinder having a helical grain therein of a pitch substantially corresponding to that of rifling.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTVS- 7,547 Pannabecker" Aug. 6, 1850 7 9,999 Warner Sept: 6, 1853 2,300,353 Eberha'rdt Oct...2 7', 1942 2,499,944 Brace et al. Mar. 7, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain 1896
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US301552A US2972179A (en) | 1952-07-29 | 1952-07-29 | Method for producing molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US301552A US2972179A (en) | 1952-07-29 | 1952-07-29 | Method for producing molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liner |
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US2972179A true US2972179A (en) | 1961-02-21 |
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US301552A Expired - Lifetime US2972179A (en) | 1952-07-29 | 1952-07-29 | Method for producing molybdenum or molybdenum alloy gun liner |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7547A (en) * | 1850-08-06 | Improved method of making barrels for fire-arms | ||
US9999A (en) * | 1853-09-06 | Improved process for making twisted gun-barrels | ||
GB189618209A (en) * | 1896-08-17 | 1896-10-17 | Charles Cholat | Improvements in the Manufacture of Tubes for Cannon and Small Arms. |
US2300353A (en) * | 1941-05-31 | 1942-10-27 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method of making seamless tubing |
US2499944A (en) * | 1946-10-04 | 1950-03-07 | Porter H Brace | Gun tube liner material |
-
1952
- 1952-07-29 US US301552A patent/US2972179A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7547A (en) * | 1850-08-06 | Improved method of making barrels for fire-arms | ||
US9999A (en) * | 1853-09-06 | Improved process for making twisted gun-barrels | ||
GB189618209A (en) * | 1896-08-17 | 1896-10-17 | Charles Cholat | Improvements in the Manufacture of Tubes for Cannon and Small Arms. |
US2300353A (en) * | 1941-05-31 | 1942-10-27 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method of making seamless tubing |
US2499944A (en) * | 1946-10-04 | 1950-03-07 | Porter H Brace | Gun tube liner material |
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