US2969583A - Ball point pen - Google Patents
Ball point pen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2969583A US2969583A US759827A US75982758A US2969583A US 2969583 A US2969583 A US 2969583A US 759827 A US759827 A US 759827A US 75982758 A US75982758 A US 75982758A US 2969583 A US2969583 A US 2969583A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ball
- seat
- ring
- socket
- writing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K1/00—Nibs; Writing-points
- B43K1/08—Nibs; Writing-points with ball points; Balls or ball beds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
- Y10T29/49645—Thrust bearing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/4984—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts
- Y10T29/49845—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts by deforming interlock
- Y10T29/49853—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts by deforming interlock of sphere, i.e., ball, in socket
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
- Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube
Definitions
- This invention relates to a writing point construction for ball point pens and to the art of fabricating the same, and has as its general object to provide an improved, long wearing, better-writing point, particularly adapted for writing on surfaces (such as glossy surfaces) which normally cause a 'ball point pen to skip.
- One of the objects of my invention is to provide a writing point that will write on all surfaces without embodying the disadvantages of those points which are particularly designed for writing on glossy surfaces.
- a principal object of the present invention is to provide a ball point pen especially adapted for continuous writing on all types of surfaces and which in addition will overcome the foregoing disadvantages.
- the invention contemplates such a pen which will provide consistent writing performance over long periods of use;'will.avoid change in line intensity; will maintain uniform ink consumption; will not form or deposit blobs on the writing surface; will exclude the entry of foreign particles into the ball socket; will avoid clogging arising from the picking up of foreign material from the writing surface; will produce a line of color intensityeven when moved over the'writing surface without any writing pressure applied thereto other than the mere weight of the pen itself; will provide smooth rolling of the ball without any feelingof drag against the paper; and will avoidthe splitting of lines.
- a primary aspect of the invention in this'connection is to pro vide a ball seat which (a) has an extremely smooth surface, within the range referred to in present day industrial mechanicsas a super-finish and (b) a seat having true geometrical conformity to the contour of the writing ball.
- the seat does not accurately conform to the ball surface, due to spring-back which occurs in the metal of the seat subsequent to the seat forming operation.
- the seat which constitutes the bottom of the ball socket should be wear resistant, highly malleable material, while the lip which constitutes the side walls of the socket should be of a material 7 suitable to firmly position and retain the ball, minimizing the tendency to yield while the seat is being formed, and to provide socket walls resisting expansion under writing pressure.
- the invention further contemplates a method of fabricating an insert seat and a method to achieve control of the geometrical condition of the ball socket.
- Fig-1 is an axial sectional view, on a magnified scale, of the tip of a ball point pen embodying my invention
- Fig. 2 is a similarly magnified fragmentary axial sectional view, showing astage in the assembly of parts constituting said tip;
- Fig. 3 is .a transverse sectional view of the tip taken onthe line 3-3 of Fig. 1; I
- Fig. 4 is a fragmentary axial sectional view of a pen tip embodying a modified form of the invention.
- FIG. 5-7 illustrate processing steps.
- a writing point assembly embodying, in general, a barrel tip, generally referred to by the character A; a writing ball B retained in the tip A, and a seat C providing a thrust bearing for the ball B as it rotates during a writing operation.
- the socket A includes a base portion 16 ⁇ having an ink passage bore 11 and having an external wall 12 which may either be cylindrical or frusto conical or double curved, as selected. Extending beyond the base portion '10 is a lip 13 of circular cross section having an internal wall 14 (which may be cylindrical) and having an offset annular supporting shoulder 15 extending from the bore 11 to the internal wall 14. Wall 14 and shoulder 15 cooperatively define an ink well in which ink flowing through the base passage 11 may spread aroundthe ball B preliminary to-being carried by the ball to the writing surface.
- the shoulder 15 may be frusto conicalas shown, or of any other suitable contour for supporting the seat C.
- the' lip 13 has an internal bearing wall 16 formed as an equatorial zone of 'a sphere, and conformed closely to the surface of the in the forming .of the ball seating surface in the seat C i I I (by, pressing the ball B againstthe seat) there will be .no deformation in the lip13 arising from expansion-of.
- the seat C is of modified torus form, and this form is attained by the deformation of a ring of circular cross sectional wire as will presently be described.
- the seat comprises a cir- 'cumferentially continuous outer body portion 18 having respective outer annular surfaces conformed generally by the forming pressure) to the shoulder and to the internal wall 14 and an inner portion having a plurality of circumferentially spaced bearing surfaces 19 consisting in zonal segments of a spherical surface conformed to the surface of the ball B and interrupted by a corresponding series of intervening ink passages 20.
- the passages 20 may be of any selected cross section.
- the passages Zita may be disposed on the outer side of seat C, between the same and the internal wall surface 14 and shoulder 15, and the seating face 19.
- the ink passage notches may be aligned with the socket axis (comically, as shown in Fig. 1). Alternatively, the passages may be disposed diagonally with respect to respective radii, i.e., tangential to a circumference at or within the radius of ink supply bore 11.
- the ball B preferably has a smooth, highly finished surface, although the invention contemplates the possibility of using a ball with a smooth spherical surface pitted by a large number of minute cavities.
- the material of the ball is so related to that of the seat as to provide a readily dissipating characteristic in any alloy that may be formed by welding of molecules of the ball to those of the seat (in the case where both ball and seat are of metal).
- the ball may be of tungsten carbide with a surface finish of 1 micro inch (R.M.S.) smoothness.
- the seat C is of a wear resistant material which, although tough, is extremely soft, i.e. highly malleable, so as to faithfully mirror the coining surface of the ball (or a coining tool) used in shaping the bearing surfaces of the seat. A low coefficient of friction is preferred.
- the seat may be a silver alloy such as coin silver (approximately 10% copper and 90% silver) or platinum iridium (approximately 90% platinum and 10% iridium) or tellurium copper /z% tellurium and 99 /2% copper, approximately). Each of these alloys has the characteristic of softness hereinbefore described.
- the seat may be an alloy of one of the platinum group metals and the self lubricating substance such as molybdenum disulfide, added thereto in suflicient quantity to provide the low coefiicient of friction.
- Teflon tetrafluoroethylene resin
- a suitable metal any of the resins in the fluoro-carbon group closely allied to Teflon, such as Kel-F resin; or any equivalent plastic material.
- the ball may be of a material such as sapphire or hardened glass or other ceramic substance such as sintered aluminum oxide or sintered glass, or other suitably hard material.
- the lip 13 is of considerably harder material than the seat C.
- the lip and in fact the entire socket unit A) can be fabricated from free-machining brass or bronze in accordance with conventional practice in this art.
- Fig. 1 the method of fabricating this point assembly is shown in part in the related Fig. 2, which illustrates the parts in an intermediate stage of fabrication.
- the lip 13 will be seen to have a substantially uniform flare out to its end, which has a greater wall thickness than that of the finished tip as shown in Fig. 1.
- the internal cylindrical wall 14x extends uniformly to the tip. 'Its diameter is such as to barely receive the ball B.
- the seat Cx is of true toroidal form, and is fabricated from a short length of fine soft wire of one of the soft materials previously indicated, the ends of the length of wire being carefully formed so as to provide, in effect, a closed ring when inserted in the socket.
- the invention contemplates, as a preferred method, the forming of the ring on an attachment of the ball assembly machine either by straightening and cutting off the proper length from straight wire, forming it around a mandrel, preferably using the mandrel to feed the ring into the socket; or by forming a continuous helical coil from which one turn at a time is severed and fed into the socket to form the seat ring.
- a true ring can be formed on the end of the tangential stretch of wire, cut off at the 360 point and moved along its axis into the socket, or straight lengths of wire may be cut to the proper length and then formed into rings.
- the seat forming operation may include the element of softening the seat by heating the same immediately prior to or simultaneous with the impressing of the ball surface therein.
- the socket A I start with a solid block of suitable metal, and shape the exterior thereof. Simultaneously therewith, or thereafter, the internal machining is performed to provide the ink supply bore 11 and the internal wall 14 of the lip 13, as well as the shoulder 15. The seat C is then inserted into the socket (the ink passages formed previously or subsequently) and the ball B is inserted over the seat, to provide the assembly shown in Fig. 2.
- pressure is applied to the ball through a suitable tool (not shown) to press the ball firmly against the annular ring of wire constituting the seat C in its initial form.
- a suitable tool (not shown) to press the ball firmly against the annular ring of wire constituting the seat C in its initial form.
- a tool with an integral semi-spherical end may be employed in lieu of using the ball B.
- the pressure causes the seat ring C to be deformed to the shape illustrated in Fig. l, the bearing surfaces 19. Because of the high ductility of the metal in the seat ring C, there is no appreciable spring-back when the pressure is released.
- the lip 13 is drawn inwardly to form an equatorial zone encircling the ball.
- An important aspect of the invention in solving the above mentioned problems, is that of providing improved concentricity between the internal and external walls of the socket, thereby providing improved uniformity in the wall structure and its yielding to the forming actionin which the socket is formed around the ball.
- Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate a seat-forming operation in which a straight length of soft wire 30 is fed as indicated by the arrow thereon into a gap between a movable female die 31 to a point where it is arrested against a stop 32 which constitutes one of a pair of guides 32 and 33 in which the die 31 is slidably mounted.
- the die 31 is advanced transversely of wire 30 as indicated by its arrow, shearing a short length 30' from the end of wire 30 as indicated at 34 and wrapping this short length 36' around a fixed mandrel 36 projecting at right angles to the plane of die 31 to form the seat ring C, the wrapping movement being completed by a pair of curling jaws 37 moving together on a line tangent to the periphery of the formed seat ring C along the path indicated by their respective arrows.
- the ring C is then ejected from the mandrel 36 in a direction parallel to the axis thereof by an ejection sleeve 38 seen in Figs. 5 and 9.
- a socket A presented to the mandrel 36 in coaxial relation thereto, receives the completed ring C as an insert, as shown in Fig. 7, and continued movement of sleeve 38 may be utilized to move the assembly of ring C and socket A ofi the mandrel 36 (and if desired at the same time the end of sleeve 38 may impress the ink passages 20 into the ring C).
- a method of fabricating a thrust bearing for a writing ball comprised of a socket, said socket having a ball receiving bore, an annular shoulder projecting inwardly from the base of said bore, an annular lip surrounding and defining said bore, and means for conducting ink from a reservoir to said bore, and an inserted ring having a face permanently conforming to the contour of the ball, which ring is of uniform cross section and is deformable without appreciable spring back, said method including the following steps: fashioning said socket of suflicient bulk and from material of suflicient strength to retain its original dimensions when the socket is supporting said ring in an operation of forming the ring; fashioning from a length of malleable wire of material having no appreciable spring back, a split ring, said wire being softer than the material of the socket and the ball, said length of wire being such as to provide a substantially closed ring having a diameter corresponding to said bore; inserting the ring into the bore; applying a substantially unyielding spherical surface against the face
Landscapes
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US759827A US2969583A (en) | 1958-09-08 | 1958-09-08 | Ball point pen |
CH7772859A CH375627A (de) | 1958-09-08 | 1959-09-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schreibspitzen für Kugelschreiber |
GB30038/59A GB873007A (en) | 1958-09-08 | 1959-09-03 | Method of manufacturing ball points for ball point pens |
FR804591A FR1324209A (fr) | 1958-09-08 | 1959-09-08 | Procédé de fabrication des pointes à écrire pour stylographes à bille |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US759827A US2969583A (en) | 1958-09-08 | 1958-09-08 | Ball point pen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2969583A true US2969583A (en) | 1961-01-31 |
Family
ID=25057106
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US759827A Expired - Lifetime US2969583A (en) | 1958-09-08 | 1958-09-08 | Ball point pen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2969583A (de) |
CH (1) | CH375627A (de) |
GB (1) | GB873007A (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3315347A (en) * | 1964-09-29 | 1967-04-25 | Schachter Friedrich | Manufacture of composite writing points for ball point pens |
US3380152A (en) * | 1965-10-18 | 1968-04-30 | Textron Inc | Writing implement |
US3388670A (en) * | 1966-09-16 | 1968-06-18 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Pump |
US4231146A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1980-11-04 | Pentel Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of making a tip for a ball point pen |
US20110274477A1 (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2011-11-10 | Yasunori Nakatani | Tip unit for liquid applicator and liquid applicator |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2267229A (en) * | 1939-05-12 | 1941-12-23 | Bower Roller Bearing Co | Method of forming roller bearing cups |
FR935473A (fr) * | 1946-10-30 | 1948-06-18 | Perfectionnements aux stylographes à bille traçante | |
FR945809A (fr) * | 1947-04-17 | 1949-05-16 | Perfectionnements aux stylographes à billes | |
US2718051A (en) * | 1946-03-30 | 1955-09-20 | Eversharp Inc | Method of making ball type writing instruments |
FR1108400A (fr) * | 1954-07-06 | 1956-01-12 | Perfectionnement aux appareils scripteurs à bille | |
FR66051E (de) * | 1956-05-03 | |||
US2834321A (en) * | 1954-11-09 | 1958-05-13 | Duefrene George | Ball-type writing tip |
US2847975A (en) * | 1953-12-10 | 1958-08-19 | Parker Pen Co | Writing instrument |
US2855665A (en) * | 1953-06-25 | 1958-10-14 | Thompson Prod Inc | Ball joint |
-
1958
- 1958-09-08 US US759827A patent/US2969583A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1959
- 1959-09-02 CH CH7772859A patent/CH375627A/de unknown
- 1959-09-03 GB GB30038/59A patent/GB873007A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR66051E (de) * | 1956-05-03 | |||
US2267229A (en) * | 1939-05-12 | 1941-12-23 | Bower Roller Bearing Co | Method of forming roller bearing cups |
US2718051A (en) * | 1946-03-30 | 1955-09-20 | Eversharp Inc | Method of making ball type writing instruments |
FR935473A (fr) * | 1946-10-30 | 1948-06-18 | Perfectionnements aux stylographes à bille traçante | |
FR945809A (fr) * | 1947-04-17 | 1949-05-16 | Perfectionnements aux stylographes à billes | |
US2855665A (en) * | 1953-06-25 | 1958-10-14 | Thompson Prod Inc | Ball joint |
US2847975A (en) * | 1953-12-10 | 1958-08-19 | Parker Pen Co | Writing instrument |
FR1108400A (fr) * | 1954-07-06 | 1956-01-12 | Perfectionnement aux appareils scripteurs à bille | |
US2834321A (en) * | 1954-11-09 | 1958-05-13 | Duefrene George | Ball-type writing tip |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3315347A (en) * | 1964-09-29 | 1967-04-25 | Schachter Friedrich | Manufacture of composite writing points for ball point pens |
US3380152A (en) * | 1965-10-18 | 1968-04-30 | Textron Inc | Writing implement |
US3388670A (en) * | 1966-09-16 | 1968-06-18 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Pump |
US4231146A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1980-11-04 | Pentel Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of making a tip for a ball point pen |
US20110274477A1 (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2011-11-10 | Yasunori Nakatani | Tip unit for liquid applicator and liquid applicator |
US8651762B2 (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2014-02-18 | Sakura Color Products Corporation | Tip unit for liquid applicator and liquid applicator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH375627A (de) | 1964-02-29 |
GB873007A (en) | 1961-07-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2969583A (en) | Ball point pen | |
US3281933A (en) | Method for preparing a tilted nib | |
US3255623A (en) | Method and apparatus for forming ball studs | |
US3099082A (en) | Method of making writing tips for ball point pens | |
US4059031A (en) | Method and apparatus for the production of machine tools | |
US2030290A (en) | Method and apparatus for making headed blanks and resultant article | |
US3038420A (en) | Extrusion die construction | |
JPS59163029A (ja) | 薄肉金属円筒のフランジ形成ヘツド | |
US5150981A (en) | Ball joint assembly having an extended ball surface | |
JPH0258014B2 (de) | ||
US3517536A (en) | Method of machining the inside wall of a tube | |
US1935821A (en) | Wire drawing die | |
US2491588A (en) | Extrusion die | |
Chitkara et al. | Extrusion of axi-symmetric tubes from hollow and solid circular billets:: a generalised slab method of analysis and some experiments | |
JPH0386346A (ja) | 複列玉軸受外輪素形材の鍛造方法 | |
US3605476A (en) | Metal drawing method and apparatus | |
US3423975A (en) | Method of hot-extruding metals which require a low rate of deformation | |
US3009240A (en) | Method of and apparatus for assembling ball point writing tips | |
US3021596A (en) | Very thin wall tubing | |
US7104109B2 (en) | Double-cavity heading die | |
US2721651A (en) | Adjustable floating plug for tube drawing | |
US2168300A (en) | Sizing porous metal bearings | |
US2361771A (en) | Manufacture of rivets | |
US3302279A (en) | Method of making ballpoint-pen tips | |
US3315347A (en) | Manufacture of composite writing points for ball point pens |