Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
  • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
  • C10M2201/063—Peroxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
  • C10M2201/105—Silica
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to grease compositions, and has particular reference to a grease having excellent shear stability and improved resistance to decompcsjtIon by water or water vapor, particularly during and after exposure to elevated temperatures.
• Lubricating greases for many purposes have been prepared from mineral base lubricating oils by adding thereto various thickening agents, for example, metal soaps of fatty acids, to set up the oil into a grease-like consIstency.
• various thickening agents for example, metal soaps of fatty acids
• Such greases have adequate shear stability and viscosity retention, and a few have adequate resistance to decomposition by water, at operating temperatures below the melting or decomposition temperature of the organic thickening agent, but above this temperature, the additive loses its gelling power, permitting the grease to revert to the liquid form.
• colloidal oxides commonly used for this purpose are silica, alumina, magnesia, zinc oxide, vanadium oxide, iron oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• the colloids for this purpose are prepared by first forming a hydrogel in the usual manner, for example, in the case of silica, by adding an acid to a sodium silicate solution. The hydrogel is then subjected to a somewhat complicated and expensive water-removing process, leaving the oxide in the form of an aerogel, which is thereafter incorporated into the lubricating oil.
• One method by which this is accomplished is by displacing the water with a volatile water-miscible organic solvent followed by evaporation, or by replacing the solvent directly with the vehicle from which the grease is to be formed.
• Greases formed by the combination of such hydrogenic colloidal oxide gelling agents with lubricating oil are capable of use at elevated temperatures up to the thermal decomposition temperature of the oil without substantial loss of viscosity.
• it has been found that such greases have extremely poor resistance to decomposition by water or water vapor, particularly at elevated temperatures.
• a grease gelled with colloidal silica, an oxide which has a relatively high thickening power will disintegrate in boiling water in a matter of seconds.
• Such greases may also be unsuited for use in many other high temperature applications even if no water vapor is present at the elevated temperature, since once exposed to a temperature high enough to cause decomposition of theadditive, the water resistant quality is destroyed, and is not regained when the grease returns toa lower temperature. Hence the grease may thereafter disintegrate in the presence of water at a relatively low operating temperature. Additives of this type also have the disadvantage of requiring the use of more gelling agent to obtain the desired grease consistency, thereby increasing the cost of the product.
• the principal object of this invention is to provide a grease composition of good shear stability which retains both viscosity and resistance to decomposition by water during and after exposure to elevated temperatures.
• a further object of the invention is to provide a gelling agent for the manufacture of grease from lubricating oil which is formed of solely inorganic materials and which also imparts water resistance to the grease.
• a further object of the invention is to provide an inorganic oxide thickened water resistant grease which is easier to manufacture and less expensive than previously known greases thickened with inorganic oxides.
• blends of pyrogenically formed alumina and one or more other metal oxides are capable of gelling lubricating oil into a grease which not only can withstand high temperature operating conditions without loss of viscosity, but which can also resist disintegration by water or water vapor during and after exposure to temperatures as high as the thermal decomposition temperature of the oil.
• a pyrogenic alumina is one which has been formed by a process of flame hydrolysis or oxidation, in which a finely dispersed aluminum salt, for example, aluminum chloride, is reacted at high temperature with the products of combustion of hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing compound such as natural or manufactured gas or fuel oil to produce aluminum oxide.
• the particles produced are of extremely fine particle size being in the range of from about 10 to about 40 millimicrons, and are collected from the gases of combustion in the dry form.
• the method of manu facture of such pyrogenic alumina does not form a part of the present invention, but is disclosed in an ap lication filed January 23, 1949, by C. A. Stokes and G. B. Kistiakowsky, Serial 129,089.
• parts by weight of a high viscosity index paraffinic petroleum oil were mixed with 7 parts by weight of an oxide blend consisting of 60% by weight of colloidal pyrogenic alumina having a particle size of between 10 and 40 millimicrons and 40% by weight of colloidal silica having a particle size of between 10 and 20 millimicrons.
• the oxides were first blended by mixing the materials in the dry state, and the blend was then thoroughly mixed with the lubricating oil to form a semi-fluid grease.
• the shear stability as determined by this procedure is a measure of the ability of the grease to retain its viscosity in service and the above tests show that a grease thickened with the silica-alumina blend has over twice the shear stability of the grease thickened with silica alone.
• silica-alumina blends of other proportions have been found satisfactory for some purposes.
• a grease thickened with a blend of 20% alumina and 80% silica when tested by the above described procedures was found to have only slightly more shear stability than the grease thickened with silica alone, with an increase of penetration after 5000 strokes of 21%.
• its Water resistance was nearly as good as that of the 40% silica- 60% alumina blend, in that it resisted decomposition by boiling water for 40 minutes.
• a grease thickened with a blend of 80% alumina and 20% silica was found to have excellent shear stability, showing an increase in penetration after 5000 strokes of only 12%, and a water resistance nearly as good as the 60% alumina, 40% silica blend, in that it resisted disintegration by boiling water for 45 minutes.
• Oxides other than silica may be used to blend with pyrogenic alumina to form water resistant high temperature greases.
• magnesia, zinc oxide, vanadium oxide, iron oxide or mixtures thereof may be used instead of or in combination with silica.
• the silica is preferred.
• oxide blends disclosed herein are suitable for use as thickening and waterproofing agents with both natural lubrication and synthetic oils.
• synthetic oils such as polyglycols, silicone oils, and high molecular weight aliphatic diesters may be used with equally good results.
• a grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil and a thickening additive composed of colloidal oxides incorporated therewith in an amount sufficient to gel the oil to a greaselike consistency, said additive consisting essentially of from about 20% to by weight of colloidal silica, with the remainder being colloidal pyrogenic alumina formed by the fiame hydrolysis of an aluminum halide.
• a grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil and an oxide mixture incorporated therein in an amount to gel the oil to a greaselike consistency, said oxide mixture consisting essentially of silica having a particle size of between 10 and 40 millimicrons and from 20% to 80% by weight pyrogenic alumina formed by the flame hydrolysis of an aluminum halide and having a particle size of between 10 and 40 millimicrons.
• a grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil and a thickening agent in an amount sufficient to gel the oil into a greaselike consistency, said thickening agent consisting essentially of a mixture of about 40% by weight of a finely-divided silica and about 60% by weight of pyrogenic alumina formed by the flame hydrolysis of an aluminum halide.
• a grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, polyglycols, silicone oils, and high molecular weight aliphatic diesters and a thickening agent consisting essentially of from about 20% to 80% by weight colloidal silica and the remainder pyrogenic alumina formed by flame hydrolysis of an aluminum halide, said thickening agent being present in an amount sufl'icient to gel said oil to a greaselike consistency.
• a lubricating oil selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, polyglycols, silicone oils, and high molecular weight aliphatic diesters
• a thickening agent consisting essentially of from about 20% to 80% by weight colloidal silica and the remainder pyrogenic alumina formed by flame hydrolysis of an aluminum halide, said thickening agent being present in an amount sufl'icient to gel said oil to a greaselike consistency.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=24657237

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (3)

Citations (8)

• 1957
  • 1957-05-29 US US662315A patent/US2965568A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1958
  • 1958-07-02 BE BE569100A patent/BE569100A/xx unknown
  • 1958-07-16 FR FR1199903D patent/FR1199903A/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (8)

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