US2962384A - Run-resistant knitted stocking - Google Patents

Run-resistant knitted stocking Download PDF

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Publication number
US2962384A
US2962384A US668487A US66848757A US2962384A US 2962384 A US2962384 A US 2962384A US 668487 A US668487 A US 668487A US 66848757 A US66848757 A US 66848757A US 2962384 A US2962384 A US 2962384A
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United States
Prior art keywords
stocking
adhesive
parts
fabric
spots
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Expired - Lifetime
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US668487A
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English (en)
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Ljungbo Sven Olof Birger
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • D06M17/04—Producing multi-layer textile fabrics by applying synthetic resins as adhesives
    • D06M17/06—Polymers of vinyl compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/06—Processes in which the treating agent is dispersed in a gas, e.g. aerosols
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2481—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including layer of mechanically interengaged strands, strand-portions or strand-like strips
    • Y10T428/24818—Knitted, with particular or differential bond sites or intersections

Definitions

  • the present invention has for its object a method of rendering a knitted fabric, e.g. a stocking of normal hosiery type, resistant to runs, such stockings as are, for example, not finished by sewing together being also intended to be treated.
  • an adhesive material is applied to stockings in the form o-f straight or zigzag lines forming inclined angles with the courses.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the adhesive applied appears as a clearly visible pattern on the stocking, which in most cases is considered a blemish.
  • Another disadvantage is that the stocking acquires uneven elasticity in different directions.
  • the second-named Swedish patent has for its object a method of applying the adhesive material by spraying an adhesive solution dispersed in air, e.g. by a spray nozzle.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be prevented that all parts of the fabric of the stocking undergo treatment. Even if it can be avoided according t the patent specification that the adhesive solution forms a coherent layer or a film on the fabric of the stocking, the elasticity of the latter is reduced by this method to only a fraction of what it was before treatment.
  • a stocking treated in this way obtains a cerain resistance to runs without its elasticity being lost to any greater extent.
  • the quantity of thread in each mesh was constant, there would also be ttes atent 2,962,384 Patented Nov. 29, 1960 ice a possibility of producing a fabric with a desired number of stuck-together thread-crossings per unit area by varying the twine and the proportion of soluble to insoluble fibres. This, however, is not the case, but the quantity of thread per mesh varies somewhat even with the most closely controlled knitting machines. Owing to this fact no even and controlled distribution over the area of the knitwork is obtained of the stuck-together thread points.
  • French patent specification No. 891,854 refers on the one hand to an adhesive composition for treating fabrics for stockings and on the other hand to a method of treating such fabrics.
  • the adhesive material is ⁇ placed in a ring or circle round the parts of the stocking which are most delicate according to the patent specification, viz. roun-d the hollow behind the knee vand round the projecting part of the foot at the ankle. Should a run star-t somewhere between these two sections, it will run on until it reaches them, and resistance to runs cannot, therefore, be obtained according to this method between the lines referred to above. It is clear-ly stated in the patent specification that the adhesive material is to be put on in the form of a ring or a coherent band at the locations stated above, as a consequence to which the sideways elasticity must be lost.
  • the uniform distribution 'of -the elemental areas referred to is usefully effected in the form of a pattern, eg. in the form of straight or crooked rows of spots or elemental areas, the rows of spots being preferably displaced sideways relatively to Veach other.
  • the knitted fabric is rendered resistant to runs, any change inthe elasticity of the fabric being thereby the same in ⁇ all directions.
  • Figs. l, 2 and 3 Some examples of such patterns are represented in Figs. l, 2 and 3.
  • Fig. l shows a pattern of straight rows of spots with elemental areas which by way of example may be 0.5-1.0 mm. in size, this pattern being so arranged that two rows of spots together cover the whole width of the knitted fabric.
  • Fig. 2 shows a pattern of straight rows of spots in which three rows together cover the whole width of the knitted fabric.
  • Fig. 3 shows a pattern of crooked rows of spots in which three rows 'together ycover the whole width of the knitted fabric.
  • The-spots or elemental areas may have the form of circles, ellipses of a maximum proportion of long axis to short axis of about 2:1, rectangles of a maximum proportion between sides of about 2:1, triangles having a minimum angle of about 15, polygons or the like.
  • the elemental area should at most cover two adjacent meshes in the knitted fabric. According to the invention it is, however, not necessary that the pattern of spots should have a regular appearance. The only condition is that it should be of such a nature that within a desired section on the knitted fabric the width of the knitted fabric or the greater part thereof should be covered by points having adhesive material applied thereto.
  • the condition last referred to is fulfilled according to the invention by applying the adhesive material for example in the form of a solution, a vigorous air current being blown or sucked through the fabric during or after the supply of the adhesive, preferably by jerks, so that the adhesive is xed firmly to the fabric, also on the back thereof.
  • This blowing or sucking action which results in the removal of any adhesive films that may have formed, may possibly be effected through those points only of the fabric where the adhesive has been applied.
  • Adhesive films that may have formed may also be removed by pressing the knitted fabric, e.g. the stocking, against a porous bed, e.g. felt, filter paper, velvet or the like, possibly in the form of felt-clad rollers.
  • a porous bed e.g. felt, filter paper, velvet or the like, possibly in the form of felt-clad rollers.
  • Another condition is that the application of adhesive is effected in such a way that the pattern of spots is distinct. Otherwise, i.e. if the areas carrying adhesive are allowed to spread over a larger surface than was intended for the pattern in question, the elasticity of the stocking is reduced too much by a too large percentage of the thread crossings being firmly glued together.
  • the adhesive material is applied, e.g. by a spatula through the holes in a stencil plate which is laid on the smoothed-down knitted fabric, a fabric lying snugly against a metal wire cloth or the like being placed beneath the knitted fabric, air being sucked down through the meshes of the metal wire cloth into one or more sucking boxes placed underneath.
  • the sucking boxes may be replaced, as indicated above, by a porous or adherent fabric or like bed, such as felt, velvet, filter paper or the like, against which the stocking is pressed by a roller or cushion.
  • a thin, relatively coarse, gauze fabric is preferably employed between the stencil plate and the knitted fabric.
  • the stencil plate may be of the silk screen type.
  • the stocking When treating stockings, the stocking is blown up after application of the adhesive so that its sides are separated, whereafter it is dried at room temperature or at elevated temperature, possibly after pulling it over a former or smoothing it down.
  • the method may also be carried out continuously by giving the metal wire cloth, stencil plate and textile fabrics the form of endless bands running over rollers, the knitted fabrics being placed on the lower textile fabric situated on the metal wire cloth, being conveyed between V the textile tape situated below the stencil and the stencil itself with its upper textile tape, if any, and having the means of a fixed stripper or roller, under or immediately behind which the sucking box for effecting the suckingthrough of air is situated.
  • the adhesive material may, as stated above, be supplied in the form of a solution, and in this case a spray nozzle may also be used for applying it.
  • the adhesive material may be powdered or dusted over the stencil provided with holes, whereafter the stencil is removed and the fabric is put or pulled over a warm stocking former so that the adhesive material melts and the gluing effect is obtained.
  • the method last referred to may also be carried out continuously.
  • the adhesive solution is supplied by means of a photogravure or letterpress printing roller provided with the pattern of spots and having the adhesive solution applied thereto.
  • the stocking is pulled over a thin, smooth, plane stocking former, whereafter the pattern of spots is pressed on to both sides of the stocking, and films of adhesive, if any, are torn up, by guiding the stocking between felt-clad rollers.
  • the adhesive was in all cases exclusively supplied in the form of a pattern of spots of a configuration predetermined from the start. It is, however, also possible to supply the whole surface of the stocking with an adhesive solution, whereafter the gluing of discrete spots is produced by pressing the stocking against devices such as rollers provided with a pattern of spots consisting of projecting parts, heated parts or parts covered with a hardener or other catalyst, whereafter the parts of the stocking not glued are treated to remove the adhesive solution therefrom.
  • a liquid product containing at least one solvent for the plastic i.e. the fibre material, at least one liquid not being a solvent for the plastic (diluent) and at least one polymer, insoluble in water, which is miscible with the plastic and soluble in the solvent, a solvent being employed Whose evaporation speed is so much lower than the evaporation speed of the diluent that the main part of the solvent supplied is left on the plastic fibres after the diluent has evaporated therefrom, that, further, the diluent is used in such small quantity in the liquid product that not even after evaporation of the diluent it is able to cause a mixing or welding-together of the polymer present on the surface of the fibres with the plastic material in the fibres, and that the plastic fibres in the knitted fabric are, after evaporation of the diluent from the fibres, exposed to a raised temperature, whereby such a mixing or welding-together
  • the plastic fibres in the knitted fabric need only be dried for welding-together to take place.
  • miscible with is meant that the two polymers, i.e. the fibre material and the high polymer supplied thereto, do not precipitate each others solutions'.
  • the liquid product may be formed by a homogeneous solution, as the diluent is miscible with the solvent for the plastic and this liquid mixture in turn constitutes a solvent for the polymer.
  • the liquid product may also, for example, be formed by an emulsion or suspension of the polymer in a mixture of the solvent and the diluent miscible therewith.
  • the fibres or fabrics treated are preferably heated to a temperature of up to C., preferably to 13G-140 C.
  • a product containing polymethyl or polybutyl methacrylate or a co-polymerization product of the monomers forming these polymers supplied a product containing polymethyl or polybutyl methacrylate or a co-polymerization product of the monomers forming these polymers.
  • the polymer is formed by a polyvinyl acetal, e.g. polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl butyral, an acid is used as the solvent, the solution also containing an aldehyde, preferalby the same aldehyde as is present in the acetal.
  • a polyamide libre in the knitted fibre may for example be provided with a polyacetal by treating the fabric with an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol and an aldehyde together with an acetalizing catalyst.
  • concentration of the starting material preferably amounts to 20-50%.
  • Hardening is carried out at over about 100 C. and depends on the concentration of the solution.
  • the spotwise hardening on the fabric is preferably carried out with a roller provided with projecting parts.
  • compositions suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention are given below are given some examples of compositions suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, parts meaning parts by weight.
  • composition l is a composition having the following properties:
  • Example 1 Over the opening of a sucking box is stretched a fine mesh, fine thread metal Wire cloth, e.g. wire gauze. On this is put a thin and not too dense fabric of, eg., cotton, silk or other textile material. On top of this the stocking is then laid, properly spread out and smoothed down, so that it is free from creases. On top of this a stencil plate is laid from which the desired pattern of spots is stamped out. The stencil is tensioned so that it presses down the stocking and the fabric against the wire gauze. By means of a rubber spatula a suitable adhesive solution is then applied in a manner known from the silk screen method.
  • a suitable adhesive solution is then applied in a manner known from the silk screen method.
  • the stencil plate After air has been sucked through as stated above, the stencil plate is released, the stocking is taken out and is passed over a tube of about the same diameter as the cross section of the leg part of the stocking. Through this tube a vigorous air current is blown into the stocking so that its two sides are separated and the stocking is blown out.
  • the blowing may either continue so long that the stocking is dried, or it may be interrupted before.
  • the Astocking may be dried in a separately heated drying chamber or at room temperature. Alternatively, it may be passed over a heated stocking forme-r so that the stocking is dried on this and is at the same time fixed in shape or smoothed out.
  • the adhesive material may possibly at the same time be hardened, condensed, polymerized or made to under go some other chemical reaction.
  • material for the stencil foils of certain plastics, e.g. polytetrauoroethylene, pio-lyethene, polyvinyl chloride etc., may be used.
  • a stencil of the silk screen type may also be used in which the holes are covered by a gauze fabric. If an open stencil is used, it has been found advantageous tov place a thin gauze fabric of relatively coarse mesh between the stencil and the stocking. A somewhat less conspicuous appearance of the glued points on the stocking is thereby achieved. This fabric may possibly be placed on top of the stencil plate.
  • Example 2 With the same apparatus as detailed in Example 1, the adhesive solution, instead of being applied by means of a spatula, is applied .by spraying by means of a spray nozzle of the type used, eg. in a paint spray pistol. When the adhesive is applied in this way, it is generally preferable to use an open stencil without the upper textile fabric or textile tape.
  • Example 3 On a sucking box covered by a wire gauze of the same type as described in Example 1, a stocking is placed, possibly slightly moistened by water or some other liquid, and on top of this is strapped an open stencil of the same type as described in Example l. The Suction of air is initiated, whereafter the adhesive material in pulverulent form is powdered or dusted over the stencil. The stencil is then removed and the stocking passed over a heated stocking former. The adhesive material will thereby be caused to melt down and the desired gluing effect will be obtained. Upon being taken off the former, the stocking is ready.
  • Example 4 The methods detailed in Example l may be carried out continuously, in which case the wire gauze, stencil and textile fabrics are shaped as endless bands running over rollers.
  • the stockings are then placed on the lower textile fabric which is lying above the endless wire and are conducted by it in between the lower textile band and the stencil, or the upper textile band, coming from above.
  • a iixed strippen or a roller the adhesive solution is pressed through the stencil and the stocking.
  • a suction box or porous sucking fabric such as felt or velvet or the like which causes the suction of air described above for tearing up any lms of adhesive that may have formed across the meshes.
  • Example The method may also be carried out continuously with the aid of a photogravure or letter-press printing roller provided with the pattern of spots desired, the adhesive solution being supplied to the roller in some known manner.
  • a stocking this is preferably stretched over a thin, smooth and entirely plane stocking former, whereafter the stocking has applied thereto the adhesive material in the desired pattern of spots by means of the rollers.
  • the stocking is subsequently dried, either while still on the former or after having been pulled oli it, and has air blown through it.
  • Example 6 The treatment may also be carried out in such a way that the stocking is wholly impregnated with a solution containing condensable7 polymerizable, vulcanizable or thermosetting materials, e.g. composition 6 described above.
  • a solution containing condensable7 polymerizable, vulcanizable or thermosetting materials e.g. composition 6 described above.
  • the excess of the impregnation solution is pressed ofi, e.g. between rubber rollers, the stocking is smooth down and any film over the meshes is torn up by vigorously blowing air through or by mangling the stocking between two rollers lined with porous material, e.g. with felt. Thereafter the stocking is laid on a Soft support and treated with a metal roller provided with a projecting letterpress pattern of spots.
  • the roller is heated and/or smeared with catalysts or reagents which cause the desired reaction in the solution on the stocking.
  • catalysts or reagents which cause the desired reaction in the solution on the stocking.
  • the stocking is glued in dots according to the pattern of spots. Leftover unreacted solution is washed out of the stocking with water or some other suitable solvent.
  • Example 7 The treatment may also be carried out in such a way that threads rst are covered with a solution containing adhesive material mentioned above and then are dried, a stocking or another knitted fabric being knitted thereof.
  • the stocking is subsequently treated according to Example 6 With a roller provided with a projecting (letterpress) or countersunk (photogravure) pattern of spots or elemental areas.
  • the roller is heated and/or smeared with the solution or a catalyst or another reagent causing the layer of adhesive to be sticky or to be reacted chemically in the spots or within the elemental areas, the stocking being glued in the spots or within the elemental areas according to the pattern of spots or elemental areas.
  • a stocking of the type knitted from threads of fibrous material and which is resistant to runs said stocking being coated with an adhesive material capable of gluing the fibrous material in the stocking, said adhesive being applied to the stocking in small elemental areas which have substantially equal extensions in all directions and are substantially uniformly distributed in close spaced relation over the entire stocking, the individual 'elemental areas each extending over not more than two adjacent meshes inthe knitted material and being limited to deposit around the threads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US668487A 1956-06-30 1957-06-27 Run-resistant knitted stocking Expired - Lifetime US2962384A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE847126X 1956-06-30

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US668487A Expired - Lifetime US2962384A (en) 1956-06-30 1957-06-27 Run-resistant knitted stocking

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US (1) US2962384A (cs)
BE (1) BE558858A (cs)
FR (1) FR1245526A (cs)
GB (1) GB847126A (cs)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3663270A (en) * 1970-04-20 1972-05-16 Rohr Corp Brazing stop-off treatment of perforated metal sheets
US4728538A (en) * 1984-10-09 1988-03-01 Danpen, Inc. Method and apparatus for imprinting non-slip composition on a garment
US4970110A (en) * 1989-03-29 1990-11-13 Carla Miraldi Process for improving the tear resistance of hosiery
EP1505184A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-02-09 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Controlled air permeability composite fabric articles having enhanced surface durability
US20050075028A1 (en) * 1998-08-28 2005-04-07 Moshe Rock Multi-layer composite fabric garment
US20050095940A1 (en) * 2003-11-04 2005-05-05 Moshe Rock Composite fabric with engineered pattern
US20060068155A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2006-03-30 Moshe Rock Controlled air permeability composite fabric articles having enhanced surface durability
US20070118951A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2007-05-31 Brigitte Schwenner Massaging clothing
US20100281602A1 (en) * 2009-04-20 2010-11-11 Sarah Stabile Sock with Grip
US11149380B2 (en) * 2018-04-26 2021-10-19 Medi Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a knitted part having a coating thereon

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1609937A (en) * 1922-02-25 1926-12-07 Barber Asphalt Co Impregnated reenforcing structure for waterproofing systems
US1861003A (en) * 1931-10-12 1932-05-31 Velveray Corp Ornamented fabric and process of making the same
US2177425A (en) * 1937-06-16 1939-10-24 Charles A Barker Process for stopping runs in knitted wear
US2413970A (en) * 1943-07-03 1947-01-07 Us Rubber Co Fabric and method of making same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1609937A (en) * 1922-02-25 1926-12-07 Barber Asphalt Co Impregnated reenforcing structure for waterproofing systems
US1861003A (en) * 1931-10-12 1932-05-31 Velveray Corp Ornamented fabric and process of making the same
US2177425A (en) * 1937-06-16 1939-10-24 Charles A Barker Process for stopping runs in knitted wear
US2413970A (en) * 1943-07-03 1947-01-07 Us Rubber Co Fabric and method of making same

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3663270A (en) * 1970-04-20 1972-05-16 Rohr Corp Brazing stop-off treatment of perforated metal sheets
US4728538A (en) * 1984-10-09 1988-03-01 Danpen, Inc. Method and apparatus for imprinting non-slip composition on a garment
US4970110A (en) * 1989-03-29 1990-11-13 Carla Miraldi Process for improving the tear resistance of hosiery
WO1992008552A1 (en) * 1989-03-29 1992-05-29 Carla Miraldi Process for improving the tear resistance of hosiery
GB2274077A (en) * 1989-03-29 1994-07-13 Carla Miraldi Process for improving the tear resistance of hosiery
GB2274077B (en) * 1989-03-29 1995-05-31 Carla Miraldi Process for improving the tear resistance of hosiery
US20050075028A1 (en) * 1998-08-28 2005-04-07 Moshe Rock Multi-layer composite fabric garment
US7560399B2 (en) 1998-08-28 2009-07-14 Mmi-Ipco, Llc Multi-layer composite fabric garment
US20060068155A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2006-03-30 Moshe Rock Controlled air permeability composite fabric articles having enhanced surface durability
EP1505184A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-02-09 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Controlled air permeability composite fabric articles having enhanced surface durability
US20050053759A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-03-10 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Controlled air permeability composite fabric articles having enhanced surface durability
US20060040059A1 (en) * 2003-11-04 2006-02-23 Malden Mills Industries, Inc., A Massachusetts Corporation Composite fabric with engineered pattern
US20050095940A1 (en) * 2003-11-04 2005-05-05 Moshe Rock Composite fabric with engineered pattern
US7579045B2 (en) 2003-11-04 2009-08-25 Mmi-Ipco, Llc Composite fabric with engineered pattern
US20090293246A1 (en) * 2003-11-04 2009-12-03 Mmi-Ipco, Llc Composite Fabric With Engineered Pattern
US8029862B2 (en) 2003-11-04 2011-10-04 Mmi-Ipco, Llc Composite fabric with engineered pattern
US20070118951A1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2007-05-31 Brigitte Schwenner Massaging clothing
US7653948B2 (en) * 2005-11-14 2010-02-02 Brigitte Schwenner Massaging clothing
US20100281602A1 (en) * 2009-04-20 2010-11-11 Sarah Stabile Sock with Grip
US11149380B2 (en) * 2018-04-26 2021-10-19 Medi Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a knitted part having a coating thereon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB847126A (en) 1960-09-07
FR1245526A (fr) 1960-11-10
BE558858A (cs)

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