US2955751A

US2955751A - Reciprocating piston compressor

Info

Publication number: US2955751A
Application number: US757326A
Authority: US
Inventors: Reuben J Hackbart; Emil T Neubauer
Original assignee: Trane Co
Current assignee: Trane Co
Priority date: 1958-08-26
Filing date: 1958-08-26
Publication date: 1960-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 1977-10-11

Description

Oct. 11, 1960 R. J. HACKBART ETAL 2,955,751

RECIPROCATING PISTON COMPRESSOR Filed Aug. 26, 1958 v N 3 :8 i

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 5

O d m INVENTOR.

REUBEN J. HACKBART EMIL T. NEUBAUER cu-- BYWVM ATTORNEYS Oct. 11, 1960 R. J. HACKBART ETAL 2,955,751

RECIPROCATING PISTON COMPRESSOR v Filed Aug. 26, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. REUBEN J. HACKBART EMIL T. NEUBAUER BY FIG 3 38 My QM ATTORNEYS United States Patent RECIPROCATING PISTON COMPRESSOR Reuben J. Hackbart, La Crosse, Wis., and Emil T. Neubaner, Sidney, Ohio, assignors to The Trane Company, La Crosse, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Filed Aug. 26, 1958, Ser. No. 757,326

'4 Claims. (Cl. 230-187) This invention relates to a reciprocating piston compressor and more particularly to a multi-cylinder reciprocating compressor in which the angularly adjacent cylinders in each row of cylinders are staggered a fixed determined distance from one another in the axial direction of the crankshaft.

An object of this invention is to provide a compact multi-cylinder reciprocating compressor which is economical to manufacture and easy to assemble.

Another object of the invention is to provide a reciprocating piston compressor with the same capacity and number of cylinders as contemporary compressors but which is smaller, more compact, lighter, and cheaper to manufacture.

The third object of the invention is to provide a compact multi-cylinder reciprocating piston compressor which has the cylinders staggered to allow the cylinders to be placed closer to the crankshaft in order to reduce the size of the compressor housing and the length of the connecting rods.

A further object of the invention is to provide a multicylinder compressor with a two-throw crankshaft in which the angularly adjacent cylinders connected to each throw are staggered a fixed determined distance from one another in the axial direction of the crankshaft.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an eight cylinder, two-throw refrigeration compressor in which the cylinders connected to each throw are staggered at least two connecting rod widths in the axial direction of the crankshaft from the next angularly adjacent cylinder connected to the same throw.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be clearly apparent as the specification proceeds to describe the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a roll out view of the cylinder banks of an eight cylinder compressor with the connecting rods shown schematically;

Fig. 2 is a section view on line 2-2 of Fig. 1 showing one row of cylinders as they appear around the periphery of the compressor housing;

Fig. 3 is a section view through one bank of cylinders in the compressor showing the cylinders in operative position; 7

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic roll out view of ten cylinder compressor; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic roll out view of a twelve cylinder compressor.

Previous to our invention, the cylinder rows of a reciprocating piston compressor were normally spaced around the periphery of the housing in a spiral configuration with each adjacent cylinder in each row spaced from one another one connecting rod width in the axial direction of the crankshaft. The result of which was that compressors having the same number of cylinders, bore, and stroke would necessarily have a limiting size which is determined by the minimum radial distance of the cylinders from the axis of the crankshaft. This minimum distance being from the point where the operation of one cylinder does not interfere with the operation of any of the other cylinders in the compressor.

Our improved cylinder arrangement is applicable to reciprocating piston compressors of eight cylinders or more. For the sake of clarity and disclosure, an eight cylinder refrigeration compressor will be discussed holding in mind that the invention is applicable to other reciprocating piston compressors within the scope of the claims.

5 Referring now to Fig. 1,

cylinders

12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 of compressor 10 with

cylinder liners

11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, and 25 therein respectively are shown schematically connected to throws 28 and 30 of compressor crankshaft 32 by means of connecting rods 34.

Our new cylinder design encompasses staggering of the cylinders in order to allow the cylinders to be located closer, in the radial direction, to the crankshaft 32 in order to reduce the size of the compressor and some of the component parts. The staggering of cylinders is accomplished by designing the compressor housing so that the axial centerlines of angularly adjacent cylinders in each row are separated from one another in the axial direction of the crankshaft by at least a distance equivalent to A two connecting rod widths. This staggering of the cylinders is maintained by connecting the adjacent connecting rods of each throw to cylinders which are spaced two are angles apart. One arc angle being the angle between two adjacent cylinders in the same row. For example, the arc angle of the eight cylinder compressor is 45. It should be noted that maintaining the adjacent connecting rods on each throw two arc angles from one another will not space the connecting rods 34 adjacent the crank web 35 two are angles apart. The required staggering of the cylinders is maintained by making the center crank Web 35 between the throws at least two connecting rod widths apart so as to maintain a minimum distance between angularly adjacent cylinders.

As an example of the above, cylinders 20 and 22 are connected to the first connecting rods on

throws

28 and 30 respectively, and

cylinders

24 and 26 are connected to the third connecting rods on

throws

28 and 30 respectively. Then necessarily, cylinders 12 and 16 will be connected to the remaining connecting rods on throw 28 and

cylinders

14 and 18 will be connected to the remaining connecting rods on throw 30. The disclosed arrangement is merely exemplary and other designs are feasible within the scope of the invention as long as the axial distance between adjacent cylinders in each row is at least two connecting rod widths. Note that the adjacent connecting rods 34 on each throw connect the crankshaft to cylinders which are spaced from one another at least two arc angles from one another. As an example, the connecting

rods connecting cylinders

22 and 14 are spaced from one another through an angle of which is equivalent to two are angles of 45.

As is well known in the art, the cylinders of each row of cylinders are spaced around the periphery of the cornpressor housing 36 as shown in Fig. 2 with the centerline of cylinder 14 being located 22 /2 clockwise of a line perpendicular to the axis 28 of the crankshaft 32 and parallel to the base 38 of the. compressor 10. The centerlines of

cylinders

18, 22, and 26 are spaced 45, 90, and respectively, clockwise around the peripher of the compressor housing 36 from the above mentioned centerline of cylinder 14.

Cylinders

12, 16, 20, and 24 are also spaced in like manner around the upper half of the circumference of the compressor housing 36. The cylinders are so spaced so as to lessen the possibility of slugging which would increase if some of the cylinders were located in the lower half of the compressor housing 36.

As discussed above, there is a minimum radial distance between the crankshaft and the cylinder which must be Patented Oct. 11, 196d order h re re. th Q lYW Y. w 'lh 25 3 pressor is todesign aconipre'ssorwhichallowsjthe ers tojae placed closer in a radial direction [to the. crankat" I fig. 2, n can be seminar die-staggered relationship oft-he cylinders allows the cylinder liners to overlap one another in order to be able to project the cylinders radially closer totlie crankshaft, the greater the distance between angularly adjacent 'cyl n; ders', the closer to crankshaft .the cylinders may in the radial direction. Therefore, since by connecting rodrwidthsiapart, we have provided a cylinder design which is smaller and more eompact than contemporary compressors since 'chntempora ry compressors provide only one connecting rod width between cylinders The operation of the comp essor is typical and not part of the invention. In Fig, 3 it can be seen that when the pistons 39 descend on the suction strokethat gaseous refrigerant and oil are drawn through suction memo, through uction strainer 42, and chamber From suction manifold the ageing gases are drawn through suction'po'rts 46 into compression chqarnberfls.

On the compression stroke, the gaseous refrigerant is compressed and discharged into discharge chambers 50 The compressed refrigerant is then collectedin manifold chamber 52 and directed to the pointof Figs. 4 and 5 represent diagrammatic'roll outyiews er a ten and a twelve cylinder reciprocating eqmpr'ess r with cylinders located in accordance with our inve Figs. 4 and 5 are similar to that of Fig. 1 wherein the {r'ert'ical lines represent the axis of 'the'bank's or cylinders and the horizontal lines represent 'the axis of the coin necting rods. Obviously, the distance between horizontal lines represent connecting rod widths and the distance between vertical lines represents arc angles between cylinders. Dots 54 represent cylinders and reference number 320 represents the crankshaft location, i q 4' and 5 are merely shownto illustrate that staggered cylinderof our invention is applicable to other compressors of different size and not merely restricted to ,an eight cylinder compressor.

Q Our above disclosed compressorfis smaller, inore com: pact, and cheaper to manufacture than contemporary compressors of the samefcapacity. O ur compressor comparison with other compressors with the same humb'r of cylinders,tcapacity, stroke, and bore will have; on1pressor housing of smaller diameter, lighter weights, and shorter connecting rodsn 0bv'iously, the above improvements result in a lighter, cheaper, and more compact compressor. Further, our"compressor niay used in applications where size is paramount and other compressors may 'not be used. Also, our compressor allows us to reduce the size of any packaged air condition iiig equipment in which we desire to use the above dis elosjed comp-ressor. Finally, our fiew'and improved coniso'r allows us to compete successfully against con temporary compressor's'due to lwer cost of production lower-shipping costs which result from the reduction of ivfeight'and size of component parts. j V I Although we have described in detail the preferred embodiments of our invention, we contemplate that many changes may be made without departing from the scope or'spirit of our invention, and we desire to be limited only byjthe claims. a a

into suction ,manifoljd w aim V 1. A compressor comprising; a housing, a first row of four cylinders and a second row of four cylinders in the upper half of said housing with the axes of adjacent cylindcrs in each of said rows having an arc angle therebetw'een said arc angles between adjacent cylinders in each row being substantially equal, a 'erankshaft having a first throw andv a second throw -rotatably supported by said housing suhs't an'tiaHy perpendicular to the aiies of said cyl'iiiiiers, pisto n meansslidably supported in said cylinder sfo'ur connecting rods rotatably connected a't one end to said first throw and operably associated with said piston means ofsaidfirstrow at'the other end, and four connecting rods rotatably connected at one end to said second throw ahd ope'rably associated with said piston means of said second row at the other end, the adjacent connecting rods on each throw being connected to piston rneans'whose ages are separated by atleast two arcangles whereby the of adjacent cylinders in 'eachfrow are eis'p 'aearram me another in theaxial dir'ctionfof the aidist'ance at least equal to the width of two co n'nectihg V I 2. The structure of claim 1 wherein'the cylindersin V saidfirst row are in alignment in the axial direction of the crankshaft with thev corresponding cylinders in said secohdrbwf ti v ii Acompressor comprising; a housing, at ,least one row rema n e in the upper half of said housing with of adjacent cylinders in said one row having re angle therebetween, saidarc angles between adja cent cylinders in said one row being approximately 45f, a crankshaft rotatablysupported by said housing subperpendicular to the axes of said cylinders was w s w sa r se 'm enef d portedin said cylinders, and four connecting rods rotats l,

associated with said piston means of said one row at the other, endwith adjacent connecting rods on said one "to piston meanswhose axes 'are separated by at least two arc angles whereby the axes of ladjacent cylinders in said one row are displaced from one another axial directionof the crankshaft a distance at least equal to the width of two connecting rods. 7

t. compressor comprisingya housing, at least one row f fo ur cylinders in the upper half of said housing with the axes of adjacent cylinders in'saidone rowhaving an arc angle therebetween,-said arc angles between adjacent cylinders in said one row being substantially'equal, a crank; shaft rotatably supported by said housing substantially perpendicularlto'the aires of said cylinders having at least one throw, piston means slidablysl'lpp cdin said cylindersand fourconnecting rods rotatably conaxis $1 atxmesnsl f a d. v rqw n p y we ciated with said piston means of said one row 'atthe other end I with adjacent connecting rods on said one throw being connecl'tedto piston meanswhose axes are separated I by at lea st two arc, angles whereby the axes of adjacent cylinders in said one row are displaced 'fromone another in theaxialdirection of the crankshaft a distance at least equal to the width of two connecting rods.

References Cited in the file of this patent 7 UNITED STATES "

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