US2954373A - Cinnamate esters - Google Patents
Cinnamate esters Download PDFInfo
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- US2954373A US2954373A US727036A US72703658A US2954373A US 2954373 A US2954373 A US 2954373A US 727036 A US727036 A US 727036A US 72703658 A US72703658 A US 72703658A US 2954373 A US2954373 A US 2954373A
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- esters
- compound
- hydrochloride
- compounds
- irritancy
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- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 title description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 CINNAMATE ESTER Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940114081 cinnamate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WOGITNXCNOTRLK-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WOGITNXCNOTRLK-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940035674 anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical group NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000700199 Cavia porcellus Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002085 irritant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000021 irritant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N (R)-adrenaline Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182837 (R)-adrenaline Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBWLXNDOMYKTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)oxirane Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1OC1 IBWLXNDOMYKTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSKPIOLLBIHNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-acetaldehyde Chemical compound ClCC=O QSKPIOLLBIHNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBEBGUQPQBELIU-CMDGGOBGSA-N Ethyl cinnamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KBEBGUQPQBELIU-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001188 Peltandra virginica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000197580 Poria cocos Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008599 Poria cocos Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000015815 Rectal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC=C BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethane Chemical compound CCBr RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KBEBGUQPQBELIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KBEBGUQPQBELIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005139 epinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl bromoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CBr PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003885 eye ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003944 halohydrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072358 xylocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D295/084—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
- C07D295/092—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings with aromatic radicals attached to the chain
Definitions
- esters of this present invention are cinnama te esters of fi-dialkylarnino-a-phenylethanols and may he represented by the formula 1 wherein R and R are lower alkyl groups or are joined as the carbon content of such groups being not less' that 1 4 carbon atoms and not more than 6 carbon atoms, and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chlorine.
- the esters maybe used in the formulas shown for as salts thereof with non-toxic acids.
- the therapeutic index was then calculated "by dividing the LD by the ED the result being ,a single -figure embracing the anesthetic effectiveness of the compound and its inherent toxicity.
- any suitable method of application known in'the'art mafbeu'sed When employed as a local anesthetic, any suitable method of application known in'the'art mafbeu'sed. These compounds, furthermore, may be'adniinisteredf'ni a surgical lubricant jelly base.
- a known concentration of solution of the local anesthetic is applied to both eyes of a guinea pig and the eyes keptlaathed with this solution for 2 minutes. The eyes are then blotted to remove excess solution. 7
- Procaine 1 15.0 200 '13 7'- xylpeeiue 6.8 .225 v as v important .feature of therapeutic utilityis freedom from 'irritancy'upon 'injectionr'Using solutions of equivalent or superior anesthetic potency as compared to the control drugsprocaine'and Xylocaine, the irritancy was established by the irritancy rating in percent, and rcsultslrave been expressed in Table II.
- the irritancy test was done in the following manner: Prcedure.--Four rats used for each compound tested Backs of rats are shaved very closely. Intradermal injectionof test compound (0.20 cc.) is administeredto each of-4 rats. I p
- a non-irritant compound has a low irritancy rating while the more irritant the compound, the higher the irritancy rating.
- R R NH is condensed with an oxide such as styrene oxide, p-chlorosty-rene oxide, and the like, such oxides containing the R desired in the final product, as indicated in the reaction below.
- Salts ofthe esters are readily prepared by the usual technique as, for example, by neutralizing our esters in turn, are dehydrohalogenated to yield the required oxides.
- Quaternary salts are prepared by reaction of the basic esters-with such quaternizing agents as methyl iodide, methyl sulfate, methyl toluenesulfonate, ethyl bromide,
- EXAMPLE 2.2-HEXAMETHYLENEIMINO-1-PHENYL ETHYL 'CINNAMATE HYDROCHLORIDE This compound was prepared by the method used in Example 1, starting with 6.7 g. (0.04 mole) of cinnamoyl chloride, 8.8 g. (0.04 mole) of 2-hexamethyleneirnino-1- phenylethanol and 100 ml. of benzene. There was obtained 14.1 g. (91%) of crude hydrochloride, melting at 195-196", which was recrystallized from methanol to yield 10.3 g. (67%), melting at 208-210 (uncorr.).
- 2-pyrrolidino-1-phenylethyl cinnamate hydrochloride and Z-piperidino-l-phenylethyl cinnamate hydrochloride are prepared from the appropriate reactants.
- Example 1 EXAMPLE '3.-2-DIETHYLAMINO-'1- (p-C'HLOROPHENYL) ETHYL CINNAMATE HYDROCHLORIDE
- the method of Example 1 was used to prepare this compound, starting with 3.3 g. (0.02 mole) of cinnamoyl chloride, 4.6 g. (0.02 mole) of Z-diethylamino-l-(p-chlorophenyl) ethanol and 100 ml. of benzene. Since the product did not precipitate directly, the solvent was removed at diminished pressure and the residue triturated with dry ether to yield, on filtration, 6.0 g. (76%) of solid which melted at 78-87". Recrystallization from isopropanol gave 4.1 g. (52%) of the hydrochloride of the product, melting at 93-96 (uncorr.).
- Example 4 -2-DIETHYLAMINO-1-PHENYLETHYL CINNAMATE
- the method of Example 1 was used to prepare this compound from 19.3 g. (0.1 mole) of Z-diethylamino-lphenyl ethanol, 16.6 g. (0.1 mole) of cinnamoyl chloride and 225 n11. of benzene.
- the solvent was distilled off at diminished pressure and the residue triturated with dry ether. Filtration of the resulting solid gave 31.3 g. (87%) of the hydrochloride of the product melting at 119-124". This was recrystallized from a mixture of isopropanol and isopropyl ether to yield 26.4 g. (74%), melting at 118-120 (uncorr.).
- compositions are made for the administration of the anesthetic in various manners.
- solutions are made to contain, for each ml, 1-50 mg. of the anesthetic agent in salt form, and sodium chloride 0.3-5.0 mg. with a preservative, examples being sodium bisulfate 0.1-2 mg,
- ophthalmic ointments and ointments for rectal disorders. These are prepared using formulations familiar to those skilled in the art.
Description
all.
CINNAMATE ESTERS Seymour L. Shapiro, Hastings on Hudson, Louis Freedman, Bronxville, and Harold Soloway, Tuckahoe, N.Y., ass gnors to US. Vitamin .& Pharmaceutical Corporation, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Apr. 8, 1258, Ser. hi0. 127,036
. '6 Claims. '(Cl. 260-439.)
This invention relates to cinnamate esters of aminoalcohols. These esters are particularly useful as anesthetics and the invention will be illustrated by description'in connection with such use. i r p The esters of this present invention are cinnama te esters of fi-dialkylarnino-a-phenylethanols and may he represented by the formula 1 wherein R and R are lower alkyl groups or are joined as the carbon content of such groups being not less' that 1 4 carbon atoms and not more than 6 carbon atoms, and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chlorine. The esters maybe used in the formulas shown for as salts thereof with non-toxic acids.
Within these narrow structural limits, relatively nontoxic compounds yielding pronounced anesthetic 'efic'cts are obtained. Furthermore, under cor'ice'nt'ratiorls' pro- Patented Se t. 27, 1950 ice " WghiohI-yis .thegquantity of compound' per r1111; "0f solution requiredtoefiiect 159% anesthesia as established irQm'th plot pigeoncentration percent anesthesia.
:FIiheutoXidity .ef the individual -compeunds Wvas al o established {by administration subcutaneously (so) to .mice, in terms 0f themiuimum dose required to be lethal to mice and expressed :as LDm-m, in milligrams of compon-ndzperE-kilogram of mouse.
The therapeutic index was then calculated "by dividing the LD by the ED the result being ,a single -figure embracing the anesthetic effectiveness of the compound and its inherent toxicity.
The results are shown in Table I. It will be noted that the compounds shou/ therapeutic indices of 400- 1670, as compared to the index of 13 found for procaine,
' the standard local anesthetic, in comparative tests.
heterocyclic amino radicals with the attached nitrogen,
*ducing effective anesthesia, a desirable lack of irritancy is noted upon injection. i y 7 1 s As "compared to the standard procaine, We obtain marked improvement in the therapeutic "index' for ou'r new anesthetics. Thus, We have raised thether apeuti'c index of 13, found for procaine in our test methodfto as high as 400 and even up to 1670 forour compounds 4 under comparable conditions. One feature of our compounds, therefore, is their low or non-toxicity coupled with unusually effective anesthetic action. Individually, the compounds exhibit toxicities as low as one fifth that of procaine. Coupled with this safety factor of decreased toxicity is the high potency as anesthetics which, in *indi vidual cases, is 2530 times that of procaine. This desirable combination of normally opposed properties will be more clearly reflected in the pharmacological studies reported in Tablesi and II. I e
When employed as a local anesthetic, any suitable method of application known in'the'art mafbeu'sed. These compounds, furthermore, may be'adniinisteredf'ni a surgical lubricant jelly base.
EVALUATION AS ANESTHEIIQS I The compounds of this invention were evaluated by the method of Chance and Lobstein, J. Pharmacol., 82, 203 (1944), for deter-mining the median eifective dose of a local anesthetic ,When applied to the cornea of a guinea pig eye. v
A known concentration of solution of the local anesthetic is applied to both eyes of a guinea pig and the eyes keptlaathed with this solution for 2 minutes. The eyes are then blotted to remove excess solution. 7
Table I.-Anesthati't: potency in guinea pig cornea and to z'cicity'ofcompounds of the formula CONTROLS-COMPOUNDS NOT A PART OF INVENTION is, ""e'm" .f '7 I jotia 5-4 500 93 6. Procaine 1 15.0 200 '13 7'- xylpeeiue 6.8 .225 v as v important .feature of therapeutic utilityis freedom from 'irritancy'upon 'injectionr'Using solutions of equivalent or superior anesthetic potency as compared to the control drugsprocaine'and Xylocaine, the irritancy was established by the irritancy rating in percent, and rcsultslrave been expressed in Table II.
Table II Conceiitra Irritancy' Compound No. tion, Rating,
mg./ml Percent in Table III.
The irritancy test was done in the following manner: Prcedure.--Four rats used for each compound tested Backs of rats are shaved very closely. Intradermal injectionof test compound (0.20 cc.) is administeredto each of-4 rats. I p
Observati0ns.Site of injections is observed at 3 intervals-2 4 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours, post-injection. The degree of irritancy is recorded as follows:
0 No irritant effect. Visible redness. Visible redness, induration. f++ -More extensive redness, induration. Maximum lesion, with necrosis.
In determining the irritancy rating, 'each'plus is scored as l; :L as 0.5. After 3 observations, the total number of plusses divided by the maximum possible plusses 36)=irritancy rating. Thus, a non-irritant compound has a low irritancy rating while the more irritant the compound, the higher the irritancy rating.
These data clearly reflect the superiority of our compounds as anesthetic agents over the control drugs commonly used clinically. In addition, the importance of the proper selection of /R1 7 v N is apparent for high anesthetic potency.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURE The required amino alcohol intermediates for preparing the basic esters of this invention are prepared according to methods described in the literature (Emerson, I. Am. Chem. Soc., 67, 5 16 (1945)).
Table IIl.-Intermediate aminoalcohols of the type formula The esters described in this invention are prepared by the usual techniques from the appropriate intermediates. Suitably, we use cinnamoyl chloride with an equivalent proportion or a slight excess of the tertiary aminoethyl, either in the absence of solvent or in the presence of an inert organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, ether or acetonitrile. The tertiary aminoethanol selected is one containingR R and R that are to appear in the finished product. After a suitable reaction period, either at room temperature or at elevated temperatures controlled by the reflux temperature of the solvent, the reaction mixture is separated into products. In most instances,
the desired ester of aminoethanol, being basic, appears 7 as the" hydrochloride.
In general, the desired secondary amine, represented 73:;
by R R NH, is condensed with an oxide such as styrene oxide, p-chlorosty-rene oxide, and the like, such oxides containing the R desired in the final product, as indicated in the reaction below.
mercially available, are prepared by reaction of a (i rignard reagent, containing the R group desired in the finished product, with chloro-acetaldehyde (Chem. Abstn, 44, 1446i 1950 This gives the halohydrins. These I This salt is readily isolated and purified by recrystallization. Alternatively, if the hydrochloride is not readily crystallizable, it is dissolved-in water, alkalinized to liberate the free 'base of the ester, and the free ester then extracted into an organic solvent such as ether, benzene or chloroform, the organic solvent layer evaporated to dryness, and the product purified after such removal of the solvent by distillation under diminished pressure, the principal fraction being accepted.
Salts ofthe esters are readily prepared by the usual technique as, for example, by neutralizing our esters in turn, are dehydrohalogenated to yield the required oxides.
Typical of these steps is the reaction.
' Indicative of the class of amino alcohols prepared for use as intermediates in this invention by the general reaction described above, are the following compounds'listcd which are basic, by hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, sulfuric, succinic, acetic, tartaric acid, or other non-toxic acid in a suitable solvent such as alcohol, water, etherv or benzene. The salts form directly. They are collected on a filter or recovered by evaporation.
Quaternary salts are prepared by reaction of the basic esters-with such quaternizing agents as methyl iodide, methyl sulfate, methyl toluenesulfonate, ethyl bromide,
V benzyl bromide, allyl bromide and ethyl bromoacetate. The required oxides, in the event that they are not com- The compounds of this invention, d1 mixtures, have optically active forms, and the individual optically active forms isolated by procedures familiar to those skilled in the art, are to be considered within the purview of this invention. 'The invention will be further illustrated by description in connection with the following specific examples showing the preparation of compounds of the invention. Unless specified to the contrary, references in these examples to removal of volatile solvent means removal by distillation, all temperatures are expressed as C., and the yields represent percentage of theory.
EXAMPLE 1.-2-( N-METHYL-Nd-PROPYLAMINO)-1- PHENYLETHYL CINNAMATE HYDROCHLORIDE I A solution of 6.7 g. (0.04 mole) of cinnamoyl chloride in '50 ml. of benzene was brought to reflux. To this was added 7.7 g. (0.04 mole) of Z-(N-methyl-N-i-propylamino)-l-phenylethanol in 50 ml. of benzene over a periodof 15 minutes with stirring and continued reflux. Heating and stirring were continued for 2 hours after addition was complete. On cooling, 10.8 g. (75%) of the hydrochloride of the product separated, melting-at 164-165 Recrystallization from methyl ethyl ketone yielded 8.4 g. (58%), melting at 164-166 (uncorn). Analysis.-Calcd. for C H ClNO C, 70.08; H, 7.28; N, 3.89. Found: C, 69.78; H, 7.10; N, 4.19.
EXAMPLE 2.2-HEXAMETHYLENEIMINO-1-PHENYL ETHYL 'CINNAMATE HYDROCHLORIDE This compound was prepared by the method used in Example 1, starting with 6.7 g. (0.04 mole) of cinnamoyl chloride, 8.8 g. (0.04 mole) of 2-hexamethyleneirnino-1- phenylethanol and 100 ml. of benzene. There was obtained 14.1 g. (91%) of crude hydrochloride, melting at 195-196", which was recrystallized from methanol to yield 10.3 g. (67%), melting at 208-210 (uncorr.).
Analysis.Calcd. for C H ClNO C, 71.58; H, 7.31; N, 3.63. Found: C, 72.07; H, 7.27; N, 3.93.
In a similar manner, 2-pyrrolidino-1-phenylethyl cinnamate hydrochloride and Z-piperidino-l-phenylethyl cinnamate hydrochloride are prepared from the appropriate reactants.
EXAMPLE '3.-2-DIETHYLAMINO-'1- (p-C'HLOROPHENYL) ETHYL CINNAMATE HYDROCHLORIDE The method of Example 1 was used to prepare this compound, starting with 3.3 g. (0.02 mole) of cinnamoyl chloride, 4.6 g. (0.02 mole) of Z-diethylamino-l-(p-chlorophenyl) ethanol and 100 ml. of benzene. Since the product did not precipitate directly, the solvent was removed at diminished pressure and the residue triturated with dry ether to yield, on filtration, 6.0 g. (76%) of solid which melted at 78-87". Recrystallization from isopropanol gave 4.1 g. (52%) of the hydrochloride of the product, melting at 93-96 (uncorr.).
Analysis.-Calcd. for C H ClNO C, 63,96; H, 6.39; N, 3.55. Found: C, 63.16; H, 6.89; N, 3.74.
EXAMPLE 4,-2-DIETHYLAMINO-1-PHENYLETHYL CINNAMATE The method of Example 1 was used to prepare this compound from 19.3 g. (0.1 mole) of Z-diethylamino-lphenyl ethanol, 16.6 g. (0.1 mole) of cinnamoyl chloride and 225 n11. of benzene. When no precipitation of hydrochloride could be observed, the solvent was distilled off at diminished pressure and the residue triturated with dry ether. Filtration of the resulting solid gave 31.3 g. (87%) of the hydrochloride of the product melting at 119-124". This was recrystallized from a mixture of isopropanol and isopropyl ether to yield 26.4 g. (74%), melting at 118-120 (uncorr.).
A portion of the hydrochloride was dissolved in 100 ml. of water, made basic with 40% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the liberated base taken up in 100 ml. of dry ether. The ethereal solution was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then filtered. Removal of solvent and distillation gave a 34% yield (overall) of the base, boiling at l76-178/0.28 mm.
Analysis.Calcd. for C H NO- C, 77.98; H, 7.79; N, 4.33. Found: C, 77.61; H, 7.59; N, 4.30.
Special compositions are made for the administration of the anesthetic in various manners.
For use in infiltration anesthesia, solutions are made to contain, for each ml, 1-50 mg. of the anesthetic agent in salt form, and sodium chloride 0.3-5.0 mg. with a preservative, examples being sodium bisulfate 0.1-2 mg,
benzoic acid 0.l-0.3 mg., or chlorobutanol 5 mg., and' the whole being diluted q.s. to 1 ml. with distilled water. Preparations are also made including in addition, 1 part of epinephrine to 20,00050,000 parts of the solution.
Other uses for these anesthetics include such applications as ophthalmic ointments and ointments for rectal disorders. These are prepared using formulations familiar to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that it is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the examples of the invention herein chosen for the purpose of illustration which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.
6 We claim: 1. A cinnamate ester selected from the group consisting of esters of the general formula 3. The compound of the formula H 0 i H 4. The compound of the formula 5. The compound of the formula 6. The compound of the formula References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Cusic Feb. 17, 1953 OTHER REFERENCES Nazarov et al.: Chemical Abstracts, vol. 50 (1956), pp. 8634-35.
lzagirov et al.: Chemical Abstracts, vol. 50 (1956), p. 8
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION m Patent No 2 954 373 September 27 1960 Seymour L. Shapiro et al0 It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 4 line 24 for "aminoethyl" read aminoethanol column 5 line 33 for "63 96" read 63.96
Signed and sealed this 4th day of April 1961a (SEAL) Attest: ERNEST W. SWIDER XXIX ARTHUR w. CROCKER Attestin Officer Acting Commissioner of Patents
Claims (2)
1. A CINNAMATE ESTER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ESTERS OF THE GENERAL FORMULA
4. THE COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
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