US2953463A - Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retardant cellulosic structures therefrom - Google Patents

Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retardant cellulosic structures therefrom Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2953463A
US2953463A US628219A US62821956A US2953463A US 2953463 A US2953463 A US 2953463A US 628219 A US628219 A US 628219A US 62821956 A US62821956 A US 62821956A US 2953463 A US2953463 A US 2953463A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cellulose
water
fire
aqueous
afterglow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US628219A
Inventor
Elmer H Rossin
Milton J Scott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monsanto Chemicals Ltd
Monsanto Chemical Co
Original Assignee
Monsanto Chemicals Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US234666A external-priority patent/US2816004A/en
Application filed by Monsanto Chemicals Ltd filed Critical Monsanto Chemicals Ltd
Priority to US628219A priority Critical patent/US2953463A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2953463A publication Critical patent/US2953463A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D01F2/08—Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
    • D01F2/10—Addition to the spinning solution or spinning bath of substances which exert their effect equally well in either
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
    • D06M11/69—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with phosphorus; with halides or oxyhalides of phosphorus; with chlorophosphonic acid or its salts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cellulosic composi-' tions which are capable of being formed into flarrieretardant structures such as filaments, films and the like.
  • The'present invention also relates to processes for producing afterglow-resistant and flame-retardant cellulose ether and regenerated cellulose structures such as films, filaments and the like, and to the structures so produced.
  • Cellulose fabrics and regenerated cellulose films have also been treated with water-soluble reaction products of ammonia and phosphorous pentoxide and then dried to provide a fire-retardant finish. While such finish is more pleasing to the touch than the finish produced by diammonium phosphate, it is also fugitive and is readily removed from the fabrics or films by laundering or by leaching in water. Consequently the materials thus treated are not acceptable where a material which must be wash-resistant or resistant to leaching with water is required.
  • afterglow-resistant and fireretardant cellulosic structures such as afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether filaments, films or fabrics, which structures retain their afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties after a considerable number of launderings, or on leaching in water.
  • the cellulosic compositions of the present invention comprise, in general, an aqueous cellulosic spinning solutented Sept. 20, 1960 ning solution or dope, in order to obtain a structure which 1s sufiiciently afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant, and
  • sufiicient strength to be useful as a commercial article of manufacture such as a free film, filament, fabric or the like.
  • afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant as used in the specification and appended claims is intended to designate a structure which is resistant to the propagation of flame across its surface after the igniting flame has been removed, and which is also resistant to the formation of a nonflaming combustion which manifests itself as a red glow or incandescence and which consumes the structure after all flame has been extinguished.
  • aqueous cellulosic spinning solutions or aqueous cellulosic dopes as employed in the specification and the appended claims are intended to include true and colloidal solutions of cellulose in aqueous solutions of calcium thiocyanate, sodium zincate, sodium zincate and urea, benzyl substituted ammonium hydroxide such as trimethyl benzyl ammonium hydroxide and triethylbenzyl ammonium hydroxide (which benzyl substituted ammonium hydroxides are described in greater detail in the Powers and Bock Patent No.
  • true and colloidal solutions of cellulose xanthate in water and aqueous alkalis such as aqueous sodium hydroxide solution as, for example, viscose syrups or dopes
  • true and colloidal solutions of cellulose or reaction products of cellulose and ammonia-copper complexes in an aqueous solution of an ammonia-copper complex as, for example, cuprammonium spinning solutions or dopes
  • true and colloidal solutions of cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and the like in water or aqueous alkali suchas aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
  • organic acid or anhydride derivatives of cellulose such as cellulose acetate solutions, cellulose propionate solutions or other solutions of a product obtained by reacting cellulose with an organic acid or anhydride.
  • the spinning solutions or dopes of this invention may contain varying amounts of cellulose, cellulose xanthate, cellulose ethers or the like, depending on whether they r are subsequently employed for spinning filaments, staple fibers, free films or whether they are to be used for coating purposes. In general, they contain from about 2 to 15% by weight of cellulose or the named cellulose derivatives, or even larger or smaller amounts. However, in most instances it is preferred to use spinning solutions or dopes which contain from about 5 to 10% of the cellulose or the named cellulose derivatives such as cellulose xanthate.
  • the preferred spinning solution or dope is viscose which is used in the preparation of viscose rayon or cellophane.
  • the spinning solutionser dopes described above may contain conventional additives such as delustering agents as, for example,'titanium 'dioxide, zinc oxide, mineral oils or the like, cationic and non-ionic surface active agents to inhibit incrustation'of spinning orif ces, dyes and colored pigments and the like.
  • delustering agents as, for example,'titanium 'dioxide, zinc oxide, mineral oils or the like
  • Such solutions or dopes may also contain from 1 to 5% by weight of an inert fire-retardant agent such as antimony oxide.
  • neutral'to alkaline reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia is intended to include the monomeric or only slightly polymerized reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, which products dissolve in water to form a solution having a pH of 7 or higher, and is also intended to include polymerized reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia, which polymerized products are substantially insoluble in water and may be utilized as a dispersion in water having a pH between 7 and about 7.5.
  • the above described reaction products are insoluble in acidic aqueous solutions.
  • reaction products which are normally soluble in neutral to alkaline aqueous solutions are precipitated in acidic aqueous solutions and are rendered insoluble.
  • the spinning solution or dope which contains such products is coagulated in an acidic aqueous coagulating bath, the product is precipitated in the cellulosic structure and is rendered insoluble so that itis not removed in appreciable quantities by subsequent launderings or leachings in a substantially neutral aqueous medium.
  • the monomeric or substantially unpolymerized reaction products of phosphoryl chloride (otherwise known as phophorous oxychloride) and ammonia, which products have been designated phosphoryl amide, may be prepared in various ways.
  • a suitable method of preparing such reaction products comprises reacting phosphoryl chloride and ammonia in an inert, anhydrous liquid such as kerosene, naphtha, benzene, hexane or some other inert liquid which does not react with ammonia or phosphoryl chloride.
  • the reaction mixture is maintained at a temperature between about 20 and 100 C. during the addition of the ammonia and until 5 mols of ammonia have been added for each mol of phosphoryl chloride.
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture is then raised above 110' C. but below 150 C. and is maintained within such temperature range for a period of about 360 to 30 minutes.
  • the resulting product which is insoluble in the inert liquid, is separated from the inert liquid by filtration, centrifuging or decantation and then washed with acetone to remove the inert liquid.
  • the product thus obtained is a mixture of ammonium chloride and the reaction product desired. Since ammonium chloride is often detrimental to the stability of some of the cellulosic spinning solutions' hereinbefore described, it is preferred to separate a substantial portion of the ammonium chloride from such mixture. This is suitably accomplished by extracting the mixture with anhydrous liquid ammonia which is a solvent for the ammonium chloride,
  • dry product obtained after such extraction is essentially free of chlorine and is a white non-hygroscopic powder which dissolves in. water toform a solution having a pH between 7.0 and 8.5.
  • This product has a molecular weight, as determined cryoscopically, within the range of 180 to 300, and preferably a nitrogen to phosphorous atomic ratio between about 2.1:1 and 23:1.
  • polyphosphorylamide The polymerized reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia, which have been designated polyphosphorylamide, may also be prepared in various ways.
  • a suitable method for preparing polyphosphorylamide comprises reacting phosphoryl chloride and ammonia in an inert*;anhydrous liquid such as that described in the foregoing process at a temperature between about 20 and 100 C. until 5 mols of ammonia have been added for each mol of phosphoryl chloride. The temperature of the reaction mixture is then raised to a temperature above 150 C. and preferably between 155 and 240 C., until the reaction product is substantially water-insoluble.
  • the resulting product is then recovered from the inert liquid by filtration, decantation or by centrifuging, and is then leached with water to remove the ammonium chloride present therein.
  • the dry product is substantially insoluble in water and when dispersed in water provides a dispersion which is substantially neutral in reaction.
  • the pH of such dispersion is usually between 7.0 and 7.5.
  • the product has a nitrogen to phosphorous ratio within the range of about 1.5:1 to 2.0:1, and preferably between 1.7:1 and 1.95:1.
  • the product is a white powder which is essentially non-hygroscopic and may be comminuted until the particles therein are sufficiently small to pass through the orifices of spinnerets commonly used in viscose and cuprammonium spinning without clogging the holes in such spinnerets.
  • the regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures of the present invention are prepared, in general, by first shaping the aqueous cellulosic spinning solutions or dopes to'the desired size and form and then subjecting the shaped solution or dope to an aqueous coagulating bath whereby the cellulose, cellulose xanthate or cellulose ether in the solution or dope is precipitated.
  • the alkaline aqueous solutions of cellulose in sodium zincate and benzyl substituted ammonium hydroxide, the solutions of cellulose xanthate in water or aqueous alkali, the cuprammonium solutions or dopes and the solutions of cellulose ethers are normally coagulated in an acidic aqueous coagulating bath although they may be first coagulated in water, after which the coagulated structure is then hardened or set in an acidic aqueous solution.
  • aqueous cellulosic spinning solutions or dopes for use in the processes of this invention, it is preferred to mix the cellulose solutions, the viscose, the cuprammonium solutions or the cellulose ether solutions with the neutral to alkaline reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia within a period'of about minutes prior to the formation of the desired cellulosic structures since the efliciency of such reaction products as fire-retardants decreases to some extent on continued standing in such cellulosic solutions.
  • Cuprammonium structures may be'decopperized with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid solutions and washed with water to remove water-soluble impurities in the structure without removing substantial amounts of the precipitated phosphoryl chloride ammonia reaction product.
  • the dry regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures thus obtained have good to excellent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties and retain such properties after about 1 to 5 launderings, or on leaching in water.
  • the spinning solutions or dopes containing the neutral to alkaline waterinsoluble reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia which are dispersed therein in the form of fine particles, coagulate and harden in acidic aqueous coagulating solutions or baths to form regenerated cellulose, or cellulose ether structures which have the water-insoluble polyphosphorylamide particles uniformly dispersed therein.
  • Such structures may be washed or leached with water to remove water-soluble impurities contained therein without removing appreciable amounts of the water-insoluble polyphosphorylamide.
  • the structures are readily washed with water to remove water-soluble materials and then desulfurized with normal desulfurizing solutions such as aqueous ammonium sulfide or aqueous sodium sulfide solutions without removing appreciable amounts of the water-insoluble polyphosphorylamide.
  • Regenerated cellulose structures obtained from cuprammonium solutions or dopes are readily washed or leached with water and decoppered by leaching in dilute aqueous sulfuric acid solutions and finally washed or leached with water 'without removing appreciable amounts of the water-insoluble polyphosphorylamide.
  • the dry regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures thus obtained have good to excellent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties after a considerable number of launderings, or on leaching in water.
  • afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures may be prepared in accordance with the processes of the present invention.
  • it is possible to produce afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether filaments by extruding the aqueous cellulosic spinning solution or dopes, hereinbefore described,.through fine orifices such as the fine orifices in a spinneret or through a single orifice into an acidic aqueous coagulating bath toregenerate the cellulose or to precipitate the cellulose ether in filament form, after which the filaments may be collected on spools, or in centrifugal pots or processed continuously in well-known manner.
  • the filaments are then processed in the normal manner, that is, washed, desulfurized or decoppered, if necessary, washed, dried, oiled, twisted, edited or the like.
  • Bundles of filaments or tow may also be spun in like manner and then cut to staple length to form staple fibers which may then be processed by washing etc. in the same manner as filaments.
  • a general procedure for spinning viscose to form filaments of regenerated cellulose is described in The Rayon Industry publication hereinbefore referred to, particularly pages 267-279, and also in Matthews Textile Fibers, th ed., (1947) published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., pages 750-754. Similar procedures are also useful in spinning cellulose solutions such as solutions of cellulose in aqueous sodium zincate or calcium thiocyanate.
  • a general procedure for spinning filaments of cuprammonium cellulose is described in The Rayon Industry publication hereinbefore referred to above, pages 329 to 335.
  • the filaments, staple fibers and other similar products, prepared as described above, are readily processed into knit or woven fabrics in the well-knownmanner'.
  • the filaments, tubes, rods and the like are sized and then woven or knitted into fabrics, while the staple fibers, straw or horsehair are first converted into threads or yarns which are then sized and woven or knitted.
  • the resulting fabrics have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties and retain these properties after they have been laundered or leached in water. 7
  • union fabrics that is, fabrics comprising the afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether filaments or staple fibers, prepared as described herein, in combination with other textile yarns or fibers, for example, cotton yarns or fibers, wool yarns or fibers, casein yarns or fibers, linen yarns or fibers or the like.
  • union fabrics which have fair to good fire-retardant properties, particularly when such filaments or staple fibers are combined with wool y-arns or fibers.
  • cellulose or cellulose ether free-films are readily prepared by extruding the aqueous cellulose spinning solutions or dopes, hereinbefore described, through a wide, thin slit into an acidic aqueous coagulating bath. The wet film is then washed or leached in water until the water-soluble impurities are substantially removed and the film is then processed in the normal way, that is, it is desulfurized or decoppered, if necessary, washed, and then treated with humectants or plasticizers for the regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether, either before or after drying.
  • an afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether coating on substrates such as textile materials or paper by coating or impregnating the textile materials or paper with the aqueous cellulosic spinning solutions or dope, hereinbefore described, after which the treated textile material or paper is treated with an acidic aqueous coagulating bath to regenerate the cellulose or precipitate the cellulose ether in situ on such textile material or paper.
  • the resulting material is then leached or washed with water to remove acid and water-soluble impurities, if necessary, and is then dried.
  • the regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structure prepared in accordance with the present invention may comprise varying amounts of the neutral to alkaline reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia.
  • a structure containing from about 3 to 2.5% by weight of such reaction products, based on the regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether therein, has good to excellent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties and is preferred.
  • Such reaction products are uniformly distributed through the body of the regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structure and impart uniform afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties to such structures.
  • the reaction products which are originally water-soluble have some advantages over the initially water-insoluble reaction products in that they are readily incorporated in the spinning solutions or dopes and are extruded through fine spinneret orifices without danger of clogging such orifices. Moreover, the acidic coagulating bath precipitates the initially water-soluble reaction products in the form of extremely finely-divided particles so that the structures have a uniform appearance.
  • the initially water-insoluble reaction products have some advantages over the initially water-soluble reaction products in that they are more resistant to removal from the regenerated cellulose or cellulose etherstructures at any stage of processing and also during the period of time that such structures are used.
  • structures containting the initially water-insoluble reaction product have more permanent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties.
  • it is not necessary to use acidic aqueous coagulating baths to render such reaction products insoluble whereas, if acidic aqueous coagulating baths are not used to coagulate spinning solutions or dopes containing the initially water-soluble reaction products it is generally necessary to give the coagulated structure a heat treatment between about and 200 C. to obtain a structure which has substantially permanent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties.
  • compositions, processes, and regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures of the present invention will be obtained from the following specific examples which are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit the scope thereof, parts and percentages being by weight unless otherwise specified.
  • Example I An aged viscose syrup containing about 7% of cellulose and based on the cellulose in said syrup, of a neutral water-soluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia which was prepared by reacting phosphoryl chloride and ammonia in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as phosphorylamide, was extruded continuously through a spinneret contaimng 100 orifices into a coagulating bath containing 65 water, 18% sodium sulfa sulfuric acid, 1% zinc sulfate and 6% glucose at a rate suflicient to produce a 100/ 60 viscose rayon filament yarn. The coagulated filaments were then wound on a bobbin.
  • the yarn or fabric ignited but did not support combustion after the flame was removed. Moreover, there was no appreciable afterglow in the yarn and fabric after the flame was removed.
  • the yarn and fabric were given a standard A.A.T.C.C. (American Association of Textile Colorists and Chemists) cotton wash and then dried. An open flame was impinged on the resulting yarn and fabric, and, although the yarn and fabric ignited, the yarn and fabric did not support combustion after the flame was removed. Further, there was no appreciable afterglow in the yarn and fabric after the flame was removed.
  • A.A.T.C.C. American Association of Textile Colorists and Chemists
  • Example II Aged viscose syrups containing about 7% of cellulose and 10 and 20%, respectively, based on the cellulose in said syrups, of an alkaline water-soluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia which was prepared by reacting phosphoryl chloride and ammonia in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as phosphorylamide, were spun separately into 100/60 viscose rayon filament yarns and processed as described in Example I.
  • the dried yarns had a uniform, delustered appearance. An open flame was impinged on each of the yarns and the yarns did not ignite. Moreover, they did not exhibit afterglow.
  • the yarns were given two standard A.A.T.C.C. cotton washes. and were then dried. An open flame was then impinged on the dried yarns and the yarns did not ignite. Moreover, they did not exhibit afterglow after the flame was removed.
  • Example III Aged viscose syrups containing about 7% of cellulose and 5, 10 and 20%, respectively, based on the cellulose in said syrups, of a neutral water-insoluble reaction prodnet of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as polyphosphorylamide, in the form of fine particles capable of passing through a circular orifice having a diameter of 0.002 inch, were separately and continuously extruded through a spinneret containing 100 orifices each having a diameter of 0.002 inch into a coagulating bath containing 64% water, 18% sodium sulfate, 11% sulfuric acid, 1% zinc sulphate and 6% glucose at a rate suflicient to produce 100/ 60 viscose rayon filament yarns.
  • a neutral water-insoluble reaction prodnet of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as polyphosphorylamide in the form of fine particles capable of passing through a circular orifice
  • the coagulated yarns were wound separately on bobbins and were allowed to stand until the cellulose xanthate in the filaments was converted to regenerated cellulose.
  • the yarns on the three separate bobbins were then leached in water until they were free of acid and water-soluble impurities and the yarns were then dried on the bobbin.
  • the dried yarns had a delustered appearance.
  • Example IV A cuprammonium spinning solution containing about 8% cellulose and 10%, based on the cellulose in the solution, of a neutral water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia, prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as polyphosphorylamide, in the form of fine particles capable of passing through a circular orifice having a diameter of 0.002 inch, was extruded continuously through a spinneret containing orifices each having a diameter of 0.002 inch into a coagulating bath consisting of 50% water and 50% sulfuric acid at a rate suflicient to produce 100/ 60 cu prammonium rayon filament yarn.
  • a neutral water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as polyphosphorylamide, in the form of fine particles capable of passing through a circular orifice having a diameter of 0.002 inch
  • the coagulated yarn was collected on a bobbin and was leached with a 2% aqueous sulfuric acid solution until the yarn was free of copper and then leached with water until it was substantially free of water-soluble copper salts, acid and other water-soluble impurities.
  • the resulting yarn was dried and had a delustered appearance in the dry state. An open flame was impinged on the dry yarn and it was observed that the yarn did not ignite. Moreover, the yarn did not exhibit afterglow after it was removed from the flame. The yarn retained its original afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties after three standard A.A.T.C.C. cotton washes.
  • Example V Six parts of a neutral water-soluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as phosphorylamide, in the form of a white powder was added to 200 parts of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution containing 15% bydroxy ethyl cellulose. The resulting solution was well agitated and then immediately applied to a glass plate by means of a Bird applicator which was adjusted so as to produce a film 0.006 inch thick. The glass plate was immersed in a 10% aqueous sulfuric acid solution to coagulate the film. During the coagulation of the film, the phosphorylamide was precipitated in situ within the film in the form of fine particles.
  • the film was leached in water for 30 minutes and dried.
  • the dry film thus obtained had substantially the same afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties as the unleached film.
  • An aqueous, alkaline cellulosic solution which forms regenerated cellulose on acidification in which is incorporated an amount of a neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia sutficient to provide afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties to a dry regenerated cellulose coagulate prepared from said solution, said reaction product having been prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.521 to 2.0:1.
  • An aqueous, alkaline viscose solution containing from about 2 to 15% by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from about 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5 :1 to 2.0: 1.
  • An aqueous, alkaline viscose solution containing from 5 to by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.7:1 to 1.95:1, said reaction product being'uniformly dispersed in said solution in a sufficiently divided state to pass through the orifices of viscose spinning nozzles.
  • An aqueous, alkaline cuprammonium solution containing from 5 to 10% by weigh-t of cellulose and from 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.711 to 1.95:1, said reaction product being uniformly dispersed in said solution in a sufficiently divided state to pass through the'orifices of cuprammonium spinning nozzles.
  • a process of producing regenerated cellulose materials which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an aqueous, alkaline cellulose solution which forms regenerated cellulose on action of a coagulating bath, while retaining the shape imposed by said orifice, until said solution is coagulated, subjecting the resulting coagulated material to the action of an aqueous acid solution until it is converted to regenerated cellulose and subsequently drying the regenerated cellulose, said reaction product being further characterized in that it has a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5:1 to 2.0:1.
  • a process of producing regenerated cellulose materials which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an aqueous alkaline viscose solution which contains from about 2 to by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from about 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a uniformly dispersed neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5 :1 to 2.0:1, through a shaping orifice into an acidic aqueous coagulating bath, thereby forming a coagulated cellulosic material having said water-insoluble reaction product uniformly distributed therein, subjecting the coagulated cellulosic material to. the action of an acid aqueous solution untilit is converted to regenerated cellulose, subsequently washing the regenerated cellulose with water and subsequently drying the regenerated cellulose.
  • a process of producing regenerated cellulose films which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an aqueous alkaline viscose solution which contains from about 2 to 15 by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from about 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a uniformly dispersed neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5 :1 to 2.0: 1, through an orifice shaped to form a film into a coagulating bath, subjecting the resulting coagulated film to the action of an aqueous acid bath until it is converted to regenerated cellulose, thereby forming a regenerated cellulose film having said reaction product uniformly dispersed therein, subsequently washing said film with water and subsequently drying said regenerated cellulose film.
  • aqueous alkaline viscose solution contains from 5 to 10% by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate.
  • a process of producing regenerated cellulose filaments which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an aqueous alkaline viscose solution containing from about 2 to 15 by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a uniformly dispersed, neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5:1 to 2.011, and being further characterized in that it is sufiiciently finely divided .to pass through the spinning orifices of viscose spinning nozzles, through a viscose spinning nozzle into a coagulating bath, subjecting the resulting coagulated filaments to the action of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid until the filaments are converted to regenerated cellulose, subsequently washing the filaments with water until they are substantially free of acid and
  • aqueous alkaline viscose solution contains from 5 to 10% by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate.
  • a process of producing regenerated cellulose filaments which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an alkaline cuprammonium spinning solution containing from about 5 to 10% by weight of cellulose and from 3 to 25 by weight, based on *said cellulose, of a uniformly dispersed, neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5 :1 to 2.0:1.
  • a spinning nozzle into a coagulating bath, subjecting the resulting filaments to the action of an aqueous acid bath to decopperize the filaments, subsequently washing the filaments with water and subsequently drying the filaments.
  • a process of producing an afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose film on a surface which comprises coating a surface with a film of an aqueous alkaline viscose solution containing cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from about 3 to 25% by weight, based on the cellulose in said-solution, of a neutral to alkaline waterinsoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and haualkaline cellulosic solution is selected from the group consisting of (1) an aqueous, alkaline viscose solution containihg from about 2 to 15% by weight of cellulose as cellulose -xanthate and'(2) an aqueous, alkaline cupramby weight of monium solution containing from 5 to 10% cellulose.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Description

FlRE-RETARDANT CELLULOSIC COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FIRE-RETARD- ANT CELLULOSIC STRUCTURES THEREFROM Elmer H. Rossin, Springfield, and Milton J. Scott, Lexington, Mass., assiguors to Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application June 30, 1951, Ser. No. 234,666, now Patent No. 2,816,004, dated Dec. 10, 1957. Divided and this application Dec. 14, 1956, Ser. 'No. 628,219
13 Claims. (Cl. 106-15) The present invention relates to cellulosic composi-' tions which are capable of being formed into flarrieretardant structures such as filaments, films and the like. The'present invention also relates to processes for producing afterglow-resistant and flame-retardant cellulose ether and regenerated cellulose structures such as films, filaments and the like, and to the structures so produced.
It has been proposed heretofore to impregnate cotton fabrics with various inorganic salts of phosphoric acid such as diammonium phosphate to impart fire-retardant properties to such fabrics. However, such treatment provides a fabric which is firm and stiff due to the crystallization of the salt in the fabric. Moreover, the fireretardant finish thus produced is fugitive and is readily removed by laundering or by leaching the fabric with water. Consequently, such fabrics have found only limited commercial acceptance in the textile trade.
Cellulose fabrics and regenerated cellulose films have also been treated with water-soluble reaction products of ammonia and phosphorous pentoxide and then dried to provide a fire-retardant finish. While such finish is more pleasing to the touch than the finish produced by diammonium phosphate, it is also fugitive and is readily removed from the fabrics or films by laundering or by leaching in water. Consequently the materials thus treated are not acceptable where a material which must be wash-resistant or resistant to leaching with water is required.
It is one object of the present invention to provide cellulosic solutions which are capable of being coagulated with acidic aqueous solutions to form afterglowresistant and fire-retardant cellulosic structures, which structures retain their afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties after a considerable number of launderings or on leaching in water.
- It is a further object of this invention to provide a novel process of preparing afterglow-resistant and fireretardant cellulosic structures such as afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether filaments, films or fabrics, which structures retain their afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties after a considerable number of launderings, or on leaching in water.
It is a further object of this invention to provide afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose and cellulose ether structures which retain their afterglowresistant and fire-retardant properties after leaching in water, or, in'the case of filaments and fabrics, after a considerable number of launderings in an aqueous medium. 7
Still further objects and advantages of the present invention will appear in the following description and the appended claims.
The cellulosic compositions of the present invention comprise, in general, an aqueous cellulosic spinning solutented Sept. 20, 1960 ning solution or dope, in order to obtain a structure which 1s sufiiciently afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant, and
has sufiicient strength to be useful as a commercial article of manufacture such as a free film, filament, fabric or the like.
The term afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant as used in the specification and appended claims is intended to designate a structure which is resistant to the propagation of flame across its surface after the igniting flame has been removed, and which is also resistant to the formation of a nonflaming combustion which manifests itself as a red glow or incandescence and which consumes the structure after all flame has been extinguished.
The terms aqueous cellulosic spinning solutions or aqueous cellulosic dopes as employed in the specification and the appended claims are intended to include true and colloidal solutions of cellulose in aqueous solutions of calcium thiocyanate, sodium zincate, sodium zincate and urea, benzyl substituted ammonium hydroxide such as trimethyl benzyl ammonium hydroxide and triethylbenzyl ammonium hydroxide (which benzyl substituted ammonium hydroxides are described in greater detail in the Powers and Bock Patent No. 2,009,015), and zinc chloride; true and colloidal solutions of cellulose xanthate in water and aqueous alkalis such as aqueous sodium hydroxide solution as, for example, viscose syrups or dopes; true and colloidal solutions of cellulose or reaction products of cellulose and ammonia-copper complexes in an aqueous solution of an ammonia-copper complex as, for example, cuprammonium spinning solutions or dopes; and true and colloidal solutions of cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and the like in water or aqueous alkali suchas aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. But such terms are not intended to include organic acid or anhydride derivatives of cellulose such as cellulose acetate solutions, cellulose propionate solutions or other solutions of a product obtained by reacting cellulose with an organic acid or anhydride.
The spinning solutions or dopes of this invention may contain varying amounts of cellulose, cellulose xanthate, cellulose ethers or the like, depending on whether they r are subsequently employed for spinning filaments, staple fibers, free films or whether they are to be used for coating purposes. In general, they contain from about 2 to 15% by weight of cellulose or the named cellulose derivatives, or even larger or smaller amounts. However, in most instances it is preferred to use spinning solutions or dopes which contain from about 5 to 10% of the cellulose or the named cellulose derivatives such as cellulose xanthate. The preferred spinning solution or dope is viscose which is used in the preparation of viscose rayon or cellophane.
The preparation of viscose and cuprammonium spinning solutions is described generally in The Rayon Industry (.1927), published by D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, N.Y., on pages 256-267 and pages 320-329, respectively. More detailed descriptions for preparing viscose spinning solutions are described in patents listed on pages 468 and 469 of said publication. Specific descriptions for preparing cuprammonium spinning solutions are described in patents listed on pages 455-462 of said publication.
The spinning solutionser dopes described above may contain conventional additives such as delustering agents as, for example,'titanium 'dioxide, zinc oxide, mineral oils or the like, cationic and non-ionic surface active agents to inhibit incrustation'of spinning orif ces, dyes and colored pigments and the like. Such solutions or dopes may also contain from 1 to 5% by weight of an inert fire-retardant agent such as antimony oxide.
The term neutral'to alkaline reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia" as used in the specification and the appended claims is intended to include the monomeric or only slightly polymerized reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, which products dissolve in water to form a solution having a pH of 7 or higher, and is also intended to include polymerized reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia, which polymerized products are substantially insoluble in water and may be utilized as a dispersion in water having a pH between 7 and about 7.5. The above described reaction products are insoluble in acidic aqueous solutions. The reaction products which are normally soluble in neutral to alkaline aqueous solutions are precipitated in acidic aqueous solutions and are rendered insoluble. Hence, when the spinning solution or dope which contains such products is coagulated in an acidic aqueous coagulating bath, the product is precipitated in the cellulosic structure and is rendered insoluble so that itis not removed in appreciable quantities by subsequent launderings or leachings in a substantially neutral aqueous medium.
The monomeric or substantially unpolymerized reaction products of phosphoryl chloride (otherwise known as phophorous oxychloride) and ammonia, which products have been designated phosphoryl amide, may be prepared in various ways. A suitable method of preparing such reaction products comprises reacting phosphoryl chloride and ammonia in an inert, anhydrous liquid such as kerosene, naphtha, benzene, hexane or some other inert liquid which does not react with ammonia or phosphoryl chloride. The reaction mixture is maintained at a temperature between about 20 and 100 C. during the addition of the ammonia and until 5 mols of ammonia have been added for each mol of phosphoryl chloride. The temperature of the reaction mixture is then raised above 110' C. but below 150 C. and is maintained within such temperature range for a period of about 360 to 30 minutes. The resulting product, which is insoluble in the inert liquid, is separated from the inert liquid by filtration, centrifuging or decantation and then washed with acetone to remove the inert liquid. The product thus obtained is a mixture of ammonium chloride and the reaction product desired. Since ammonium chloride is often detrimental to the stability of some of the cellulosic spinning solutions' hereinbefore described, it is preferred to separate a substantial portion of the ammonium chloride from such mixture. This is suitably accomplished by extracting the mixture with anhydrous liquid ammonia which is a solvent for the ammonium chloride,
"but is a non-solvent for the desired reaction product. The
dry product obtained after such extraction is essentially free of chlorine and is a white non-hygroscopic powder which dissolves in. water toform a solution having a pH between 7.0 and 8.5. This product has a molecular weight, as determined cryoscopically, within the range of 180 to 300, and preferably a nitrogen to phosphorous atomic ratio between about 2.1:1 and 23:1.
The polymerized reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia, which have been designated polyphosphorylamide, may also be prepared in various ways. A suitable method for preparing polyphosphorylamide comprises reacting phosphoryl chloride and ammonia in an inert*;anhydrous liquid such as that described in the foregoing process at a temperature between about 20 and 100 C. until 5 mols of ammonia have been added for each mol of phosphoryl chloride. The temperature of the reaction mixture is then raised to a temperature above 150 C. and preferably between 155 and 240 C., until the reaction product is substantially water-insoluble. The resulting product is then recovered from the inert liquid by filtration, decantation or by centrifuging, and is then leached with water to remove the ammonium chloride present therein. The dry product is substantially insoluble in water and when dispersed in water provides a dispersion which is substantially neutral in reaction. The pH of such dispersion is usually between 7.0 and 7.5. The product has a nitrogen to phosphorous ratio within the range of about 1.5:1 to 2.0:1, and preferably between 1.7:1 and 1.95:1. The product is a white powder which is essentially non-hygroscopic and may be comminuted until the particles therein are sufficiently small to pass through the orifices of spinnerets commonly used in viscose and cuprammonium spinning without clogging the holes in such spinnerets.
The regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures of the present invention are prepared, in general, by first shaping the aqueous cellulosic spinning solutions or dopes to'the desired size and form and then subjecting the shaped solution or dope to an aqueous coagulating bath whereby the cellulose, cellulose xanthate or cellulose ether in the solution or dope is precipitated. The alkaline aqueous solutions of cellulose in sodium zincate and benzyl substituted ammonium hydroxide, the solutions of cellulose xanthate in water or aqueous alkali, the cuprammonium solutions or dopes and the solutions of cellulose ethers are normally coagulated in an acidic aqueous coagulating bath although they may be first coagulated in water, after which the coagulated structure is then hardened or set in an acidic aqueous solution.
In preparing the aqueous cellulosic spinning solutions or dopes for use in the processes of this invention, it is preferred to mix the cellulose solutions, the viscose, the cuprammonium solutions or the cellulose ether solutions with the neutral to alkaline reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia within a period'of about minutes prior to the formation of the desired cellulosic structures since the efliciency of such reaction products as fire-retardants decreases to some extent on continued standing in such cellulosic solutions.
, be desulfurized under mildly alkaline conditions without leaching out substantial amounts of the precipitated phosphoryl chloride-ammonia reaction product. Cuprammonium structures may be'decopperized with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid solutions and washed with water to remove water-soluble impurities in the structure without removing substantial amounts of the precipitated phosphoryl chloride ammonia reaction product. The dry regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures thus obtained have good to excellent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties and retain such properties after about 1 to 5 launderings, or on leaching in water.
The spinning solutions or dopes containing the neutral to alkaline waterinsoluble reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia (polyphosphorylamide), which are dispersed therein in the form of fine particles, coagulate and harden in acidic aqueous coagulating solutions or baths to form regenerated cellulose, or cellulose ether structures which have the water-insoluble polyphosphorylamide particles uniformly dispersed therein.
Such structures may be washed or leached with water to remove water-soluble impurities contained therein without removing appreciable amounts of the water-insoluble polyphosphorylamide. In the case of regenerated cellulose structures obtained by coagulating viscose in acid and aqueous coagulating baths, the structures are readily washed with water to remove water-soluble materials and then desulfurized with normal desulfurizing solutions such as aqueous ammonium sulfide or aqueous sodium sulfide solutions without removing appreciable amounts of the water-insoluble polyphosphorylamide. Regenerated cellulose structures obtained from cuprammonium solutions or dopes are readily washed or leached with water and decoppered by leaching in dilute aqueous sulfuric acid solutions and finally washed or leached with water 'without removing appreciable amounts of the water-insoluble polyphosphorylamide. The dry regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures thus obtained have good to excellent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties after a considerable number of launderings, or on leaching in water.
A wide variety of afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures may be prepared in accordance with the processes of the present invention. Thus it is possible to produce afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether filaments by extruding the aqueous cellulosic spinning solution or dopes, hereinbefore described,.through fine orifices such as the fine orifices in a spinneret or through a single orifice into an acidic aqueous coagulating bath toregenerate the cellulose or to precipitate the cellulose ether in filament form, after which the filaments may be collected on spools, or in centrifugal pots or processed continuously in well-known manner. The filaments are then processed in the normal manner, that is, washed, desulfurized or decoppered, if necessary, washed, dried, oiled, twisted, edited or the like. Bundles of filaments or tow may also be spun in like manner and then cut to staple length to form staple fibers which may then be processed by washing etc. in the same manner as filaments.
A general procedure for spinning viscose to form filaments of regenerated cellulose is described in The Rayon Industry publication hereinbefore referred to, particularly pages 267-279, and also in Matthews Textile Fibers, th ed., (1947) published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., pages 750-754. Similar procedures are also useful in spinning cellulose solutions such as solutions of cellulose in aqueous sodium zincate or calcium thiocyanate. A general procedure for spinning filaments of cuprammonium cellulose is described in The Rayon Industry publication hereinbefore referred to above, pages 329 to 335.
Afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether foils, tubes, artificial straw or horsehair and other similar structures are readily prepared in the same manner as filaments or staple fibers described above by using a spinning orifice or nozzle appropriate for producing such structures. Such orifices or nozzles are known in the art.
The filaments, staple fibers and other similar products, prepared as described above, are readily processed into knit or woven fabrics in the well-knownmanner'. For example, the filaments, tubes, rods and the like are sized and then woven or knitted into fabrics, While the staple fibers, straw or horsehair are first converted into threads or yarns which are then sized and woven or knitted. The resulting fabrics have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties and retain these properties after they have been laundered or leached in water. 7
It is also possible to produce union fabrics, that is, fabrics comprising the afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether filaments or staple fibers, prepared as described herein, in combination with other textile yarns or fibers, for example, cotton yarns or fibers, wool yarns or fibers, casein yarns or fibers, linen yarns or fibers or the like. By incorporating 50% or more of such afterglow-resistant and fireretardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether filaments or staple fibers in the union fabrics, it is possible to provide union fabrics which have fair to good fire-retardant properties, particularly when such filaments or staple fibers are combined with wool y-arns or fibers.
Afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated. cellulose or cellulose ether free-films are readily prepared by extruding the aqueous cellulose spinning solutions or dopes, hereinbefore described, through a wide, thin slit into an acidic aqueous coagulating bath. The wet film is then washed or leached in water until the water-soluble impurities are substantially removed and the film is then processed in the normal way, that is, it is desulfurized or decoppered, if necessary, washed, and then treated with humectants or plasticizers for the regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether, either before or after drying.
It is also possible in accordance with the present invention to provide an afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether coating on substrates such as textile materials or paper by coating or impregnating the textile materials or paper with the aqueous cellulosic spinning solutions or dope, hereinbefore described, after which the treated textile material or paper is treated with an acidic aqueous coagulating bath to regenerate the cellulose or precipitate the cellulose ether in situ on such textile material or paper. The resulting material is then leached or washed with water to remove acid and water-soluble impurities, if necessary, and is then dried.
The regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structure prepared in accordance with the present invention may comprise varying amounts of the neutral to alkaline reaction products of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia. A structure containing from about 3 to 2.5% by weight of such reaction products, based on the regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether therein, has good to excellent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties and is preferred. Such reaction products are uniformly distributed through the body of the regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structure and impart uniform afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties to such structures.
The reaction products which are originally water-soluble have some advantages over the initially water-insoluble reaction products in that they are readily incorporated in the spinning solutions or dopes and are extruded through fine spinneret orifices without danger of clogging such orifices. Moreover, the acidic coagulating bath precipitates the initially water-soluble reaction products in the form of extremely finely-divided particles so that the structures have a uniform appearance. The initially water-insoluble reaction products have some advantages over the initially water-soluble reaction products in that they are more resistant to removal from the regenerated cellulose or cellulose etherstructures at any stage of processing and also during the period of time that such structures are used. Hence, structures containting the initially water-insoluble reaction product have more permanent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties. Further, in the case of the water-insoluble reaction products, it is not necessary to use acidic aqueous coagulating baths to render such reaction products insoluble, whereas, if acidic aqueous coagulating baths are not used to coagulate spinning solutions or dopes containing the initially water-soluble reaction products it is generally necessary to give the coagulated structure a heat treatment between about and 200 C. to obtain a structure which has substantially permanent afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties.
A further understanding of the compositions, processes, and regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures of the present invention will be obtained from the following specific examples which are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit the scope thereof, parts and percentages being by weight unless otherwise specified.
Example I An aged viscose syrup containing about 7% of cellulose and based on the cellulose in said syrup, of a neutral water-soluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia which was prepared by reacting phosphoryl chloride and ammonia in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as phosphorylamide, was extruded continuously through a spinneret contaimng 100 orifices into a coagulating bath containing 65 water, 18% sodium sulfa sulfuric acid, 1% zinc sulfate and 6% glucose at a rate suflicient to produce a 100/ 60 viscose rayon filament yarn. The coagulated filaments were then wound on a bobbin. During the coagulation of the filament in the acid coagulating bath the, phosphorylamide precipitated in situ inside the filament as an insoluble material. The wound yarn on the bobhm was allowed to stand until the cellulose xanthate was converted to regenerated cellulose and when then leached in water to remove the acid and water-soluble impurities in the yarn. The yarn was then dried on the bobbin. The dried yarn had a uniform, delustered appearance.
When an open flame was impinged on the yarn thus.
produced or on a fabric prepared from such yarn, the yarn or fabric ignited but did not support combustion after the flame was removed. Moreover, there was no appreciable afterglow in the yarn and fabric after the flame was removed.
The yarn and fabric were given a standard A.A.T.C.C. (American Association of Textile Colorists and Chemists) cotton wash and then dried. An open flame was impinged on the resulting yarn and fabric, and, although the yarn and fabric ignited, the yarn and fabric did not support combustion after the flame was removed. Further, there was no appreciable afterglow in the yarn and fabric after the flame was removed.
Example II Aged viscose syrups containing about 7% of cellulose and 10 and 20%, respectively, based on the cellulose in said syrups, of an alkaline water-soluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia which was prepared by reacting phosphoryl chloride and ammonia in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as phosphorylamide, were spun separately into 100/60 viscose rayon filament yarns and processed as described in Example I. The dried yarns had a uniform, delustered appearance. An open flame was impinged on each of the yarns and the yarns did not ignite. Moreover, they did not exhibit afterglow.
The yarns were given two standard A.A.T.C.C. cotton washes. and were then dried. An open flame was then impinged on the dried yarns and the yarns did not ignite. Moreover, they did not exhibit afterglow after the flame was removed.
Example III Aged viscose syrups containing about 7% of cellulose and 5, 10 and 20%, respectively, based on the cellulose in said syrups, of a neutral water-insoluble reaction prodnet of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as polyphosphorylamide, in the form of fine particles capable of passing through a circular orifice having a diameter of 0.002 inch, were separately and continuously extruded through a spinneret containing 100 orifices each having a diameter of 0.002 inch into a coagulating bath containing 64% water, 18% sodium sulfate, 11% sulfuric acid, 1% zinc sulphate and 6% glucose at a rate suflicient to produce 100/ 60 viscose rayon filament yarns. The coagulated yarns were wound separately on bobbins and were allowed to stand until the cellulose xanthate in the filaments was converted to regenerated cellulose. The yarns on the three separate bobbins were then leached in water until they were free of acid and water-soluble impurities and the yarns were then dried on the bobbin. The dried yarns had a delustered appearance. The dried yarn prepared from the viscose syrup containing 5% of polyphosphorylamide, based on the cellulose in the syrup, was held in an open flame and although the yarn ignited it did not support combustion after it was removed from the flame. Moreover, it did not exhibit any appreciable afterglow. The dried yarns prepared from the viscose syrups containing 10 and 20%, respectively, of polyphosphorylamide, based on the cellulose in the syrups, were held in an open flame. These yarns did not ignite, and did not exhibit afterglow after they were removed from the flame.
All of the yarns described immediately above were subjected to three standard A.A.T.C.C. cotton washes and were then dried. The resulting yarns had substantially the same afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties as the unwashed yarns.
Example IV A cuprammonium spinning solution containing about 8% cellulose and 10%, based on the cellulose in the solution, of a neutral water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia, prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as polyphosphorylamide, in the form of fine particles capable of passing through a circular orifice having a diameter of 0.002 inch, was extruded continuously through a spinneret containing orifices each having a diameter of 0.002 inch into a coagulating bath consisting of 50% water and 50% sulfuric acid at a rate suflicient to produce 100/ 60 cu prammonium rayon filament yarn. The coagulated yarn was collected on a bobbin and was leached with a 2% aqueous sulfuric acid solution until the yarn was free of copper and then leached with water until it was substantially free of water-soluble copper salts, acid and other water-soluble impurities. The resulting yarn was dried and had a delustered appearance in the dry state. An open flame was impinged on the dry yarn and it was observed that the yarn did not ignite. Moreover, the yarn did not exhibit afterglow after it was removed from the flame. The yarn retained its original afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties after three standard A.A.T.C.C. cotton washes.
Example V Six parts of a neutral water-soluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid, designated as phosphorylamide, in the form of a white powder was added to 200 parts of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution containing 15% bydroxy ethyl cellulose. The resulting solution was well agitated and then immediately applied to a glass plate by means of a Bird applicator which was adjusted so as to produce a film 0.006 inch thick. The glass plate was immersed in a 10% aqueous sulfuric acid solution to coagulate the film. During the coagulation of the film, the phosphorylamide was precipitated in situ within the film in the form of fine particles. The film which consisted of hydroxy ethyl cellulose having fine particles of insoluble phosphorylamide distributed uniformly therein, was leached with water until it was substantially free of acid and water-soluble impurities and then dried at about F. This film was held in an open flame and did not ignite and did not support combustion after the flame was removed. Moreover, the film did not exhibit afterglow when the flame was removed.
The film was leached in water for 30 minutes and dried. The dry film thus obtained had substantially the same afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties as the unleached film.
Various changes may be made in the compositions.
processes, and regenerated cellulose or cellulose ether structures described herein as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains withoutdeparting from the spirit and intent of the present invention. It is to be understood, therefore, that it is intended thepresent invention should not be limited except by the scope of the appended claims.
This application is a division of our copending application Serial No. 234,666, filed June 30, 1951, now US. 2,816,004.
What is claimed is:
1. An aqueous, alkaline cellulosic solution which forms regenerated cellulose on acidification in which is incorporated an amount of a neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia sutficient to provide afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties to a dry regenerated cellulose coagulate prepared from said solution, said reaction product having been prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.521 to 2.0:1.
2. An aqueous, alkaline viscose solution containing from about 2 to 15% by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from about 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5 :1 to 2.0: 1.
3. An aqueous, alkaline viscose solution containing from 5 to by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.7:1 to 1.95:1, said reaction product being'uniformly dispersed in said solution in a sufficiently divided state to pass through the orifices of viscose spinning nozzles.
4. An aqueous, alkaline cuprammonium solution containing from 5 to 10% by weigh-t of cellulose and from 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.711 to 1.95:1, said reaction product being uniformly dispersed in said solution in a sufficiently divided state to pass through the'orifices of cuprammonium spinning nozzles.
5. A process of producing regenerated cellulose materials which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an aqueous, alkaline cellulose solution which forms regenerated cellulose on action of a coagulating bath, while retaining the shape imposed by said orifice, until said solution is coagulated, subjecting the resulting coagulated material to the action of an aqueous acid solution until it is converted to regenerated cellulose and subsequently drying the regenerated cellulose, said reaction product being further characterized in that it has a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5:1 to 2.0:1.
6. A process of producing regenerated cellulose materials which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an aqueous alkaline viscose solution which contains from about 2 to by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from about 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a uniformly dispersed neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5 :1 to 2.0:1, through a shaping orifice into an acidic aqueous coagulating bath, thereby forming a coagulated cellulosic material having said water-insoluble reaction product uniformly distributed therein, subjecting the coagulated cellulosic material to. the action of an acid aqueous solution untilit is converted to regenerated cellulose, subsequently washing the regenerated cellulose with water and subsequently drying the regenerated cellulose.
7. A process of producing regenerated cellulose films which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an aqueous alkaline viscose solution which contains from about 2 to 15 by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from about 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a uniformly dispersed neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5 :1 to 2.0: 1, through an orifice shaped to form a film into a coagulating bath, subjecting the resulting coagulated film to the action of an aqueous acid bath until it is converted to regenerated cellulose, thereby forming a regenerated cellulose film having said reaction product uniformly dispersed therein, subsequently washing said film with water and subsequently drying said regenerated cellulose film.
8. A process according to claim 7, but further characterized in that said aqueous alkaline viscose solution contains from 5 to 10% by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate.
9. A process of producing regenerated cellulose filaments which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an aqueous alkaline viscose solution containing from about 2 to 15 by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from 3 to 25% by weight, based on said cellulose, of a uniformly dispersed, neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5:1 to 2.011, and being further characterized in that it is sufiiciently finely divided .to pass through the spinning orifices of viscose spinning nozzles, through a viscose spinning nozzle into a coagulating bath, subjecting the resulting coagulated filaments to the action of an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid until the filaments are converted to regenerated cellulose, subsequently washing the filaments with water until they are substantially free of acid and subsequently drying the regenerated cellulose filaments.
10. A process as in claim 9, but further characterized in that the aqueous alkaline viscose solution contains from 5 to 10% by weight of cellulose as cellulose xanthate.
11. A process of producing regenerated cellulose filaments which have afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant properties which comprises extruding an alkaline cuprammonium spinning solution containing from about 5 to 10% by weight of cellulose and from 3 to 25 by weight, based on *said cellulose, of a uniformly dispersed, neutral to alkaline water-insoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and having a nitrogen to phosphorus atomic ratio of about 1.5 :1 to 2.0:1. through a spinning nozzle into a coagulating bath, subjecting the resulting filaments to the action of an aqueous acid bath to decopperize the filaments, subsequently washing the filaments with water and subsequently drying the filaments.
12. A process of producing an afterglow-resistant and fire-retardant regenerated cellulose film on a surface which comprises coating a surface with a film of an aqueous alkaline viscose solution containing cellulose as cellulose xanthate and from about 3 to 25% by weight, based on the cellulose in said-solution, of a neutral to alkaline waterinsoluble reaction product of phosphoryl chloride and ammonia prepared in an inert, anhydrous liquid and haualkaline cellulosic solution is selected from the group consisting of (1) an aqueous, alkaline viscose solution containihg from about 2 to 15% by weight of cellulose as cellulose -xanthate and'(2) an aqueous, alkaline cupramby weight of monium solution containing from 5 to 10% cellulose.
Reterences Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS White Sept. 23, 1947 Pollak Mar. 15, 1949 MacLaurin Apr. 22, 1952 Malowan Dec. 1, 1953 Nielsen et al June'l, 1954 Tachikawa J an. 24, 1956 Pedlow Dec. 25, 1956 Edwards Jan. 15, 1957 Jackson et a1 Mar. 3, 1959

Claims (1)

1. AN AQUEOUS, ALKALINE CELLULOSIC SOLUTION WHICH FORMS REGENERATED CELLULOSE ON ACIDIFICATION IN WHICH IS INCORPORATED AN AMOUNT OF A NEUTRAL TO ALKALINE WATER-INSOLUBLE REACTION PRODUCT OF PHOSPHORYL CHLORIDE AND AMMONIA SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE AFTERGLOW-RESISTANT AND FIRE-RETARDANT PROPERTIES TO A DRY REGENERATED CELLULOSE COAGULATED PREPARED FROM SAID SOLUTION, SAID REACTION PRODUCT HAVING BEEN PREPARED IN AN INERT, ANHYDROUS LIQUID AND HAVING A NITROGEN TO PHOSPHORUS ATOMIC RATIO OF ABOUT 1.5:1 TO 2.0:1
US628219A 1951-06-30 1956-12-14 Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retardant cellulosic structures therefrom Expired - Lifetime US2953463A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US628219A US2953463A (en) 1951-06-30 1956-12-14 Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retardant cellulosic structures therefrom

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US234666A US2816004A (en) 1951-06-30 1951-06-30 Cellulosic solutions containing fire retardant and method of extruding
US628219A US2953463A (en) 1951-06-30 1956-12-14 Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retardant cellulosic structures therefrom

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2953463A true US2953463A (en) 1960-09-20

Family

ID=26928181

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US628219A Expired - Lifetime US2953463A (en) 1951-06-30 1956-12-14 Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retardant cellulosic structures therefrom

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2953463A (en)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427997A (en) * 1944-01-07 1947-09-23 Clarence B White Flame resistant fabric material
US2464342A (en) * 1943-04-16 1949-03-15 Frederick F Pollak Manufacture of waterproof and water-repellent noninflammable fibrous materials
US2593466A (en) * 1948-07-16 1952-04-22 Ind Rayon Corp Viscose spinning solution
US2661264A (en) * 1950-06-21 1953-12-01 Monsanto Chemicals Nitrogen and phosphorus containing product and process for producing same
US2680077A (en) * 1949-12-30 1954-06-01 Monsanto Chemicals Flameproofing composition of nitrogen-phosphorus compound in combination with organic compound having free hydroxy radicals
US2732279A (en) * 1951-12-07 1956-01-24 Shozo tachikawa
US2775505A (en) * 1952-06-05 1956-12-25 American Viscose Corp Spinning regenerated cellulose filaments
US2777775A (en) * 1953-06-25 1957-01-15 Courtaulds Ltd Production of artificial filaments, threads, and the like
US2876117A (en) * 1955-12-01 1959-03-03 Du Pont Flame-retarding of textiles

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2464342A (en) * 1943-04-16 1949-03-15 Frederick F Pollak Manufacture of waterproof and water-repellent noninflammable fibrous materials
US2427997A (en) * 1944-01-07 1947-09-23 Clarence B White Flame resistant fabric material
US2593466A (en) * 1948-07-16 1952-04-22 Ind Rayon Corp Viscose spinning solution
US2680077A (en) * 1949-12-30 1954-06-01 Monsanto Chemicals Flameproofing composition of nitrogen-phosphorus compound in combination with organic compound having free hydroxy radicals
US2661264A (en) * 1950-06-21 1953-12-01 Monsanto Chemicals Nitrogen and phosphorus containing product and process for producing same
US2732279A (en) * 1951-12-07 1956-01-24 Shozo tachikawa
US2775505A (en) * 1952-06-05 1956-12-25 American Viscose Corp Spinning regenerated cellulose filaments
US2777775A (en) * 1953-06-25 1957-01-15 Courtaulds Ltd Production of artificial filaments, threads, and the like
US2876117A (en) * 1955-12-01 1959-03-03 Du Pont Flame-retarding of textiles

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Kauffman Rayon: the first semi-synthetic fiber product
WO1993013249A1 (en) A product containing silicon dioxide and a method for its preparation
US4377648A (en) Cellulose-polyacrylonitrile-DMSO-formaldehyde solutions, articles, and methods of making same
US2816004A (en) Cellulosic solutions containing fire retardant and method of extruding
US2777775A (en) Production of artificial filaments, threads, and the like
US2953464A (en) Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retard-ant cellulsoic structures therefrom
US2052558A (en) Production and treatment of artificial materials
USRE21455E (en) Fibroin spinning solutions
US2953463A (en) Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retardant cellulosic structures therefrom
US2952880A (en) Fire-retardant cellulosic compositions and process for producing fire-retardant cellulosic structures therefrom
US3296000A (en) Shaped regenerated cellulose products having bacteriostatic properties
US3084021A (en) Process for producing regenerated cellulose filaments
US3575898A (en) Polyvinyl chloride-antimony oxide flame-retardant mixtures for cellulosic spinning dopes
US3146116A (en) Cyanoethylation and xanthation of alkali cellulose
CN113862807B (en) Flame-retardant lyocell filament and preparation method thereof
US2422993A (en) Manufacture of threads, filaments, films, and the like from alginates
US2287839A (en) Process of spinning
US2136464A (en) Method of preparing tubular artificial textile threads
US2805176A (en) Fireproofing regenerated cellulose
US3018158A (en) Viscose process
US3193447A (en) Manufacture of paper-like materials comprising synthetic fibres
US2328307A (en) Manufacture of rayon
US2339408A (en) Manufacture of artificial materials
US2341586A (en) Wet spinning of cellulose acetate
US2439039A (en) Process of producing medullated artificial filaments