US2953088A - Planographic printing - Google Patents

Planographic printing Download PDF

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Publication number
US2953088A
US2953088A US648011A US64801157A US2953088A US 2953088 A US2953088 A US 2953088A US 648011 A US648011 A US 648011A US 64801157 A US64801157 A US 64801157A US 2953088 A US2953088 A US 2953088A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coating
water
paper
foundation
printing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US648011A
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English (en)
Inventor
Douglas A Newman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Original Assignee
Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7907157,A priority Critical patent/NL189903B/xx
Priority to NL93863D priority patent/NL93863C/xx
Priority to BE531213D priority patent/BE531213A/xx
Priority to GB3161453A priority patent/GB769521A/en
Priority to DEC9716A priority patent/DE1008324B/de
Priority to CH333546D priority patent/CH333546A/de
Priority to FR1115420D priority patent/FR1115420A/fr
Application filed by Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc filed Critical Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority to US648011A priority patent/US2953088A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2953088A publication Critical patent/US2953088A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
    • B41N1/12—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor non-metallic other than stone, e.g. printing plates or foils comprising inorganic materials in an organic matrix
    • B41N1/14—Lithographic printing foils

Definitions

  • Ne wma/z WM .1977' GENE 217' formly ink-receptive to a marked degree.
  • a coating of waterproof nature was used to cover and seal the paper fibers, and the materials found useful for this purpose were uni- When this waterproof coating had been placed, it was covered by one or more printing surface coatings having the hydrophilicoleophilic balance suited to the reception of a planographic imaging material, but repellent to oleous ink when moistened so as to give clean, background-free copies.
  • Some of the binders which are most effective in preparing such coatings are the polysaccharide carboxy ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • planographic plate shall be of such a nature as to serve either as a record sheet or a planographic master sheet, and that the cost shall not be excessive even though a large percentage of the sheets remain purely record sheets.
  • a printing surface treatment was applied to a base coating of a somewhat waterproofing nature, which in turn was sisted essentially in a material referred to as a hydrophilic adhesive charged with about four times its weight of a pigment such as clay, and mixed with a substantial amount of a hardening ingredient for the adhesive, such as dimethylol urea, to render it waterproof.
  • a hydrophilic adhesive charged with about four times its weight of a pigment such as clay, and mixed with a substantial amount of a hardening ingredient for the adhesive, such as dimethylol urea, to render it waterproof.
  • hydrophilic adhesives were suggested for use in this connection, such as casein, glue, gelatin, soya bean protein, zein, insolubilized starch (presumably the insolubilized.
  • starch of trade which refers usually to corn or wheat starch which has been oxidized or chlorinated to make it more susceptible to a later insolubilizing treatment
  • polyvinyl alcohol and gum arabic While it is correct to refer to these materials as hydrophilic, since in the normal state they are water attractive, they are, especially when compounded with the prescribed amounts of pigment and methylol urea, also oleophilic. Furthermore, for the most part, they are then oleophilic to a degree such that, having been initially subjected to spaced local applications of both oleous material and water, and thereafter to substantially equal alternate general applications of oleous material and water, they will gradually take on more of the former to the ultimate displacement of the latter. That is to say, they are in the main preferentially oleophilic.
  • the wet-strength impregnation treatment of the foundation sheet is not necessary to a successful systems plate. It has also been discovered that the wet-strength treatments known and used contribute in a plural manner to the cost of the sheet, for not only does the cost of the material and its application to the sheet make up a considerable part of the sheet construction cost, but the fiber structure is, to some extent, affected by this treatment so that the sheet surface then requires even a heavier water barrier or waterproofing coating to cover the fiber ends and prevent the imbibition of water by the foundation which would cause stretch and distortion during the printing run. This water barrier coating is also usually required to insure proper attachment of the printing surface coating to the treated foundation, and it also adds materially to the cost of the sheet.
  • water barrier coatings are uniformly quite predominantly or preferentially oleophilic, it has further been found necessary to provide one or more heavy planographic surface coatings usually totaling at least eight to fourteen pounds per ream which will hide this tendency and prevent the formation of tone or background in the printed copies.
  • the suggested hydrophilic adhesive base coating is directed to be applied at a coating weight of about 12 pounds per ream, dry weight, per side, and experience has shown that this value, if workable at all, is a bare minimum amount for a coating of the type suggested from the standpoint of holding down and sealing the fibers of the foundation sheet, if no other special preliminary treat ment for this purpose has been applied.
  • Coatings of this nature and weight are not capable of being applied via the size tub of a paper-making machine and are invariably the subject of a separate coating treatment to the finished paper. Their very nature, therefore, offers at once a serious impairment to their utility as an effective part of a paper plate for systems use. Size tub applications of such coatings or sizings are limited as a practical matter to coatings whose dried residue amounts to a maximum of about three and one-half pounds per ream.
  • either said wet-strength and water barrier treatment or said pigmented hydrophilic adhesive base coating can be entirely replaced by a thin coating of a preferentially hydrophilic sizing material; at the same time providing ample water resistance to the sheet for a successful printing run of from 50 to .300 copies, at least.”
  • certain preferentially hydrophilic water dispersible, but -not readily soluble, sizing ingredients when used substantially without fillers and without any significant amount of hardening ingredients (such as dimethylol urea), can be applied in amounts not in excess of 3 /2 pounds per ream (i.e.
  • preferentially hydrophilic as used herein is to be distinguished from preferentially oleophilic as previously defined, and signifies a material or surface which, when initially subjected to spaced local applications of both oleous material and moisture, and thereafter to substantially equal alternate general applications of oleous material and water, will gradually take'on more of the latter to the ultimate displacement of the former.
  • the use of the unpigmented, unhardened, preferentially hydrophilic size, in combination with a calendering treatment, for some reason not entirely understoodat present, is found to be capable of firmly laying and retaining the fiber ends of the paper, especially if the sheet has not first been subjected to wet-strength treatment, and thus producing a sheet whose rate of imbibition is very markedly reduced.
  • This imbibition reduction is so marked that a single, light weight waterinsoluble planographic surfacing coat of a polysaccharide carboxy ether composition and having a dry weight of less than six pounds per ream is sufiicient to provide all of the water resistance necmsary to give a normal systems length run (e.g.
  • these base coating materials when essentially free of significant amounts of hardening ingredients, such as formaldehyde or dimethylol urea, are capable of accepting the printing surface coat and even partially commingling therewith without detriment.
  • Another object of the invention to provide a business systems plate having a substantially untreated paper foundation, a calendered, preferentially hydrophilic size coatingas set out in the immediately preceding paragraph, together with a surface printing coating in accordance with said companion application.
  • a suitable paper foundation web 11 is selected which may be of a fairly strong ,waterleaf paper or the like and preferably is a paper whose weight may be varied in accordance with cost warranted by the end use to which the sheet will be put.
  • This paper is substantially untreated and is substantially devoid of wet strength imparting materials such as -melamine-formaldehyde applied either to the pulp in the heaters or by subsequent impregnation.
  • the paper is treated with a preferentially hydrophilic sizing composition on one or both surfaces, preferably both.
  • This operation to make the cost of the finished sheet compatible with business systems use, is carried out in the size tub of the paper-making machine as a step in the paper-making process.
  • the sizing composition is made up of water dispersible adhesive or hinder material which is not too readily water-soluble and which may be any of various starch products such as corn starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, soya bean starch, potato starch, rice starch or various water dispersible starch derivatives such as the insolubilized starch previously referred to.
  • composition is substantially free of filler, and should contain no hardening ingredients such as formaldehyde or dimethylol urea except for minute amounts which will rapidly assume a fully reacted con-
  • a suitable composition may be prepared by dispersing about four percent by weight of V the starch product, e.g. corn starch, in water at about F. The quantity of coating deposited on the web as it passes through the size tub amounts to a maximum of 3 /2 pounds per ream per side.
  • the web After leaving the sizing tub, the web is dried and calendered to produce a smooth surface substantially w free of projecting absorptive fiber ends, the preliminary paratus 'such as a brush or air knife and preferably on one surface of the web only.
  • the coating 15 is preferably very light and will not ordinarily exceed, for example, 6 pounds per ream when dry. 7
  • the properties required of the coating 15 are those required of any planographic surfacing material for paper plates, namely, that it be substantially water-insoluble, able to accept a planographic image when dry, and retain the same during printing, and that the background or non-imaged areas be hydrophilic and totally ink repellent when wet, i.e. it must have the hydrophilic-oleophilic balance necessary for planographic printing.
  • the water-insoluble compounds of the polysaccharide carboxy ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose have an especially suitable hydrophilic-oleophilic balance for this purpose. They may be coated on the sheet as water-soluble compounds and subsequently insolubilized by an after-treatment, as described in my Patent No. 2,655,864, or may be prepared with suitable insolubilizing ingredients included in the coating mixture.
  • a coating 15 which is especially preferred for making the plate of the present invention is one of the type described in my companion application, Serial No. 380,446, filed September 16, 1953, now U.S. Patent No. 2,808,778, issued October 8, 1957.
  • the use of extremely lightweight coatings on the printing surface e.g. from one-half to 6 pounds per ream and preferably between one-half and 4 pounds per ream.
  • These coatings are suited to application to unusually smooth surfaces which are, in fact, important to their even and continuous application, and the sized and calendered surface presented by the sized foundation 11, 13 previously described in ideally suited to their reception.
  • the dry weight of the coating 15 should be between one-half and 4 pounds per ream.
  • Such a coating may be placed either by a separate coating process or directly on the paper-making machine, preferably the latter.
  • the coating 15 When the coating 15 has been placed and dried, it is ready to receive image material as by typing; if desired, however, the web may be calendered again although this is not required.
  • the present invention is such as to provide a sheet which is comparatively inexpensive and which can be used freely just as ordinary record sheets would be used, but which is at the same time capable of furnishing a large number, at least 300 in most cases, of clean sharp copies when employed as a master or plate in a planographic printing process.
  • the cost of the sheet is, if at all, only slightly more than that of high grade record sheets, and may be used as such.
  • the images which are formed by writing or typing on the sheet are placed on the surface which carries coating 15 (which may be lightly tinted if desired to indicate the proper surface) and are formed with a marking implement or typewriter ribbon which not only makes a legible mark, but which also provides a firmly adhering deposit of ink-receptive material. If this is done, any of the copies thus prepared can be Withdrawn from the files at a later date, installed on the plate cylinder of a planographic printing machine and be alternately moistened and inked to print a large number of clean copies. If the life of'the image is not fully used at one run, the plate may also be removed, dried, and saved for an additional printing run at a later date.
  • a planographic plate for systems use consisting essentially of a paper foundation; a single preliminary coating; and a single print-ing surface coating in which said foundation is substantially free of wet strength impregnants, in which said preliminary coating is a calendered coating of a water dispersible but not readily Water-soluble starch adhesive binder, is free of fillers and hardening ingredients, is preferentially hydrophilic, and has a weight not in excess of 3 /2 pounds per ream per side whereby the fibers of said paper foundation are laid and retained in said preliminary coating and their rate of water imbibition substantially reduced, and in which the binder of said printing surface coating is essentially a water-insoluble image receptive compound of a polysaccharide carboxy ether.

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  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
US648011A 1953-08-17 1957-03-25 Planographic printing Expired - Lifetime US2953088A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL93863D NL93863C (en, 2012) 1953-08-17
BE531213D BE531213A (en, 2012) 1953-08-17
NLAANVRAGE7907157,A NL189903B (nl) 1953-08-17 Werkwijze voor het door blaasvormen vervaardigen van een kunststoffles met een elliptische respectievelijk afgerond rechthoekige dwarsdoorsnedevorm en met een nominale wanddikte tussen 0,2 en 0,5 mm.
GB3161453A GB769521A (en) 1953-08-17 1953-11-13 Planographic printing plates
DEC9716A DE1008324B (de) 1953-08-17 1954-07-27 Flachdruckfolie
CH333546D CH333546A (de) 1953-08-17 1954-08-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Flachdruck-Originalblattes, nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Flachdruck-Originalblatt und Verwendung desselben
FR1115420D FR1115420A (fr) 1953-08-17 1954-08-17 Procédé et clichés pour l'impression planographique
US648011A US2953088A (en) 1953-08-17 1957-03-25 Planographic printing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37478853A 1953-08-17 1953-08-17
US648011A US2953088A (en) 1953-08-17 1957-03-25 Planographic printing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2953088A true US2953088A (en) 1960-09-20

Family

ID=27006753

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US648011A Expired - Lifetime US2953088A (en) 1953-08-17 1957-03-25 Planographic printing

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2953088A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE531213A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH333546A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1008324B (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1115420A (en, 2012)
NL (2) NL189903B (en, 2012)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3138477A (en) * 1961-02-16 1964-06-23 Burroughs Corp Ink transfer article for preparation of offset masters and method of making same andcomposition therefor
US3368484A (en) * 1966-04-04 1968-02-13 Kelco Co Paper offset master

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL126081C (en, 2012) * 1959-06-08 1900-01-01
BE591935A (en, 2012) * 1959-06-18

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2154219A (en) * 1935-06-28 1939-04-11 Joe V R Shepherd Lithograph plate
US2534650A (en) * 1947-05-09 1950-12-19 Warren S D Co Planographic printing plate and method of making same
US2570262A (en) * 1947-01-23 1951-10-09 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Photosensitive planographic plate
US2808778A (en) * 1953-09-16 1957-10-08 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Planographic printing plate

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL69492C (en, 2012) * 1947-05-09

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2154219A (en) * 1935-06-28 1939-04-11 Joe V R Shepherd Lithograph plate
US2570262A (en) * 1947-01-23 1951-10-09 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Photosensitive planographic plate
US2534650A (en) * 1947-05-09 1950-12-19 Warren S D Co Planographic printing plate and method of making same
US2808778A (en) * 1953-09-16 1957-10-08 Columbia Ribbon Carbon Mfg Planographic printing plate

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3138477A (en) * 1961-02-16 1964-06-23 Burroughs Corp Ink transfer article for preparation of offset masters and method of making same andcomposition therefor
US3368484A (en) * 1966-04-04 1968-02-13 Kelco Co Paper offset master

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE531213A (en, 2012)
NL189903B (nl)
DE1008324B (de) 1957-05-16
FR1115420A (fr) 1956-04-24
NL93863C (en, 2012)
CH333546A (de) 1958-10-31

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