US2952130A - Pile - Google Patents

Description

Sept- 13, 1960 L. MUELLER 2,952,130

' PILE Filed March 19, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 36 38 ..33 HMH r L. MELLER PILE sept. 13, 1960 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed man 19, 195e L. MUELLER Spt. 13, 1960 PILE 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 19, 1956 .fm/enter? Mun' RN & FREY MAMA/ L. M'U'ELLER Sept. 13, 1960 PILE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 19, 1956 .Im/@nto HM if STE N & FR Y W.

l.. MELLER PILE Sept. 13, 1960 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 19, 1956 M r @www Wma em. Y wmw JIM mw fmAW /M/ United States Patent This invention concerns piles 4and relates particularly to piles such as are described and claimed in my co-pending patentapplication Serial No. 521,571 dated July 12, 1955 and now Patent No.,2,92/l,948.

In my said co-pending application, there is disclosed a centrally disposed pile which is permanently driven into the soil and is `fitted at its lower end with an earth displacing -foot of a width greater than that of the pile shaft itself, and at an upper region carrying a packing gland designed to consolidate the earth around the top of the pile during the last few blows as said pile is driven into the ground. The pile shaft is hollow, and the foot is provided with a number of apertures, whereby concrete may be forced down the hollow shaft and through said apertures in order to till the space created by the foot around the shaft as the pile is driven in. The pile is thus provided with a concrete jacket substantially increasing the loading capacity of said pile.

It is an object of the present invention still further to facilitate the provision of a concrete jacket around a permanent pile driven linto the ground.

Another object of the invention resides in means for enabling the formation of a concrete jacket around piles of solid construction.

`A still further object of the invention is to extend and develop the iields of use orf piles provided with concrete j j ackets.

With these and other objects in view, therefore, the present invention lconsists in that concrete inlet pipes are arranged on the outside of the pile shaft.

In this way, the pile shaft may be solid, for example, of reinforced concrete,-or of steel or other constructional material with a concrete filling. Alternatively, hollow compressed concrete piles maybe produced, and may be provided with an external concrete jacket without their inner cavities being filled with concrete.

According to a further feature of the invention, only portions of the length of the pile shaft are covered with a concrete jacket, this being accomplished by fitting one or more intermediate sealing members on the outside of the pile shaft. Thereby, for example, the pile can be `used as a water pipe for artesian Wells by providing suitable apertures in an uncovered part of the shaft.

Another feature Vof the invention relates to the use of hollow -piles for subterranean blasting at a great depth for reaching the shot-hole, the hollow space Within a pile being used, after a concrete jacket has been applied to said pile, for receiving the explosive charge eg. in dam workings, especially since driving and jacketing `a -pile several metres long can be effected in only a few hours. KIn this embodiment of the invention, the hollow pile shaft is `tightly sealed at its lower end relative to the hollow earth displacing pile foot, and a second tight seal is arranged in the neighbourhood of the upper end of the shaft. The hollow space thus tightly sealed off within the pile shaft may then serve `for safely receiving or storing dangerous or other materials.

Yet another feature of the invention relates tothe proy 2,952,130 Patented Sept. 13, 1960 vision of compressed concrete foundations for beam-like plles, where steel beams are used to whose lower end is secured an earth displacing foot, concrete inlet pipes being led along said beams up to the feet.

During driving of .a beam-like pile, the pile foot creates a hollow space inthe ground around the beam by displacing and compressing `the soil, so that the beam is not subjected to any great friction along its downward path into the ground. The beam can therefore be driven in with substantially less expenditure of energy than can a :beam without said displacing foot. A flat chisel-like shoe projecting from beneath the displacing foot cleaves *any stones or solid obstructions in the ground which may be in the path of the` beam during driving in thereof. By means of the concrete inlet pipes, concrete under high pressure is forced into the hollow pile foot, and then by raising the inlet pipes, is fed into the hollow space in the ground. The beam in the ground is thereby completely surrounded by concrete and is firmly anchored in the ground after the concrete jacket has set.

.The invention enables steel, beam-like piles to be driven i in more easily than hitherto in ground which is very stony or boulderor rock-strewn, and beams which are to remain vin Ithe ground are protected against corrosioi by the concrete jacket.

The invention will be described further, by way et example, with reference to the accompanying drawing in which: l

Fig. l is a longitudinal section through one pile con `structed in accordance with the invention and hav-ing a shaft consisting of steel and concrete, v

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the head of the pile shown in` Fig. 1, 4F lFig. 3 is a cross section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 4 is a cross-section taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1,

Fig. l5 is a longitudinal sect-ion through the pile foot, parallel to the pile shoe,

Teig. 6 is a cross-section through 4a pile driven into the ground and subsequently provided with a concrete jacket,

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal side elevation of the pile shown in Fig. l,

Fig. V8 is a longitudinal section through another embodiment of pile adapted as a pipe for artesian wells,

Fig. 9 is a cross-section through the said pile taken on the line IX--IX of Fig. 8, F Fig. 10 is a cross-section taken on the line X-X of 'Fig l1 is a longitudinal section through a further embodiment yof pile, designed for blasting at great depths,

Fig. 12 is a plan View of the head of the pile shown in Fig. 1l, sealed by a cover, and

Fig. 13 is a cross-section taken on the line XIII-XIII of Fig. l1.

Figures 14 to 2O show applications of the invention to piles of beam construction, intended for use in compressed concrete foundations.

Fig. 14 is avertical section through a beam-like pile having a pile foot and clearance lugs,

Fig. 15 is a cross-section taken on the line XV--XV of Fig. 14,

Fig. 16 is a cross-section taken on the line XVI-XVI Fig. 17 is a vertical section through the pile foot in aplane perpendicular to that of Fig. l5,

Fig. 18 isa cross-section through a part of a bulkhead formed from a `plurality of piles driven in and subsequently encased in compressed concrete,

Fig. 19 is a side elevation of the lower part of a beamlike pile'and'pilefooaand Fig. 2K0 is a frontr elevation thereof.

Referring now more particularly to Figs; 1 to 7 ofthey s drawings, the steel and concrete pile shaftshown'therein vis permanently driven into the soil and constitutes `a central member `and has a lengthwise reinforcement comprising four round steel bars 30 and a transverse reinforcement consisting of a steelrod 3K1 runningspirally At the lower end of the pile shaft is secured a'wedgeshaped earth'displacing steel foot 3 having "projecting hat, chisel-like'Shoal,` The footf3 ris of hol-` low formationfand is filled-with concrete. At intervals n annular intermediatepieces such as those indicated at i 32, 34 are set -in 'the concrete. f At the upper end of the concrete pilevshaft aihead'plate33 is lxed to which may be secured a packing gland, both acting to seal the pile lower yintermediate piece 34 serves :to connect thereina downwardly i i ported by four vertical web plates 50 (Fig. 9) against the tube 47. Said web plates 50 divide the cylindrical space 51 of the intermediate packing member 49into to the top ofthe soil'on intermediate* piece 32. rTher Y' therefrom leaving theirk upper ends still abovethe` head plate '33. `Suitablesupportfor.theconcrete inlet pipes# y may be obtained by rclamping them tothe clearance lugs, i

t with for example, small wooden blocks.V Two clearance lugs 37 are arranged laterally'on the'di'splacing foot y As the pile driver, during the rammingr operation, drives the pileshaft together with the four concrete inlet pipes 36 into the soil to the required depth, it is centred rand. strikes' said shaftfthrough an aperture `38 provided in the head plate 33. Thereupony the Ifourconcrete inlet pipes y36, which kare conveniently attached at their upperr ends in a known coupling device,pare lled with compressed concretey and are pushed slowly andk lgradually up the pile shaft, until the'latter is surrounded by'coni ycrete along its whole length. For sealing off the hollow space around the pileY shaft relative to the top, an appropriately shaped ypacking gland 'or collar 33a, as described in my cof-pending application No.-52l,57l is fas- `tened to the headf plate 33, the'plate and gland thus forming a sealing member with the `soil surface, and is forced into the soil during the nal driving blows.

In theembodir'nent of the invention shown in Figs. 8 to l0, which is formed as a pipe fork artesian wells, the pile shaft includes a steel tube 41, at the lower end of which is secured a wedge-shaped, hollow earth displacing foot 3 with a downwardlyfprojecting flat, chisel-,like shoe 2. The foot 3. is covered at the top by aplate 42 wherein are located several small bores 43, permitting entry of water into, the foot 3. The shaft tube 41 is provided at intervals with rows of transverse, circumferentially spaced bores 44 covered relative to the exterior by means rof hood-like clearing lugs 45. These lugs 45 are so designed that spring or suhsoil water canpenetrate, into them through several small bores 46, but coarse gravel or other solid mattery constituting the surrounding soil cannot So penetrate. The design of 'clearing lugs 45 depends in every casey upon the nature of the soil from which the water has to be drawn. p

The pile tube 41, which is of substantial wall section, is welded at its upper end to a tube 47y of thinner wall section, acting only as a well tube, and to whose upper four parts, which,` after introducing the concrete inlet pipes 36,r and before subjecting the pileto a driving operation, are filled with hemp, coarse tow, or other suitable material. The youter cross-section` of theiintermediate packing member 49 is somewhat' greater thanthe greatest t displacement width of pile foot 3, so `that by pressing gsaid packing member into ,the hollow space cleared `by the `'foot 3, it becomes even more smoothly and tightlylpacked y a f at its walls, and is tightly envelopedhy the surrounding soil at rthe end of the 'ramming operation. The operation tof yforcing concrete inthrough the pipes 36 is then com- ,menced, and at rst said concrete is forced into the packing Ymember'49 Without lifting the pipes 36 away..

The compressed :concrete consequently raises the hemp yand towy iillings from they packing member 49 from beflow, and at` the same time creates a further reliable packi t ing of the hollow cavity llying-above the packing menr- 1 f ber and around the tube 47, by penetration'of the hemp l ortow with liquid concrete. rDuring subsequently `con-l ,y tinued'forcing-out ofthe concrete, thepipes 36 are theny gradually or intermittently withdrawn.` Thus yonly the upper part 47 of the whole pile tube is jacketed, so that;

the tube 41, through which water is" to'be drawn from wthefgr0\lnd,is` left rexposed and can'collec't thewater around its exterior. Such water is, ofcourse, pre-purifiedy bysettling outoflanyfpieces of rearth,washed intofit,^ Y f andxno water can'reach the'tube 41 from the'upper strata "ofsoil penetrated by the pile/merely by running kkdown-A `wardsalong the pile shaft, except by running thrimghr the soil itself, which, however, then lacts as a iilter. `As with all artesianwell bores, the filter and thek pump, or a suction pipe for the pump, can then be introduced into the hollow pile shaft.

' The pile shown in Figsfll to 13 isdesigned for blastf ing yatsubs'tantial depths and has a wedge-shaped, hollow earth displacing foot 3 fixed to the lower end ofA a pile tube `41 consisting'of an rappropriately strong walled tube. A plug 52 is welded into the lower end yof they tube41, so thatthe `pile shaft is tightly sealed at said lower end. A head piece 48 is welded on to the upper end of the tube 41,"and a `cover 53 is then screwed on to said head piece to seal od the interior of the shaft. Groups of clearing lugs 35 are provided at intervals along the whole length of the tube 41, and through them during the driving operation, are led concrete inlet pipes36 y extending as far as the `upwardly open foot 3. 'Ihe forcing-out of concrete after driving has been completed then takes place as in yboth the other embodiments of the inf vention already described above.

As the concrete, composed of quick setting cement, of

the tubejacket sets after only a few hours, such a pile, f

when driven in preparatory to deep subterranean blasting, is ready only a few hours after forcing in the concrete. A typical use for such a pile is'in large dam workings, for carrying out ythe blasting operations.

For the rapid establishment of small fuel stores in yopen land, the pile shown in Fig. 11 is preferred, fora tube with an internal cross-section of 250 mm. presents a end is fixed a head piece 48. At thelevel ofthe junction j, y

ofthe tube 4l withthe well tube 47 is arranged an intermediate packing ,membery 49 extending around the at its lower, smallerr diameter end tothe tubes 41 and 47.; Atits upper cylindrical part, member-t9 issupcapacity of 49.0 litres per metre, so that with a typical shaft having a length of 10.5111., 0.50 cubicmetres of lquidfuel may be received.

In the beam-like pile shown in Figs. 14 to 20, a wedgeshaped, hollow earth displacing pile foot 3 is attached to the lower end of la steel, beam- like pile 61,1 from .whichV y projects a tlat, chisel-like shoe 2 projecting in a downward direction.

,the beam. The lugs 66 are of lU-shaped cross-sectiony An angle member 64 (Figs. 14 .andy 16) is used to fasten the foot 3 to the lower end of the beam 631. yClearing ylugs 65 and 66are welded, or may be screwed, onto the web of the beam 61 at intervals along its length.

and are attached by supporting stays 68 on to the opposite side of the beam. Concrete inlet pipes 69 project through the clearing lugs 65 and 66 into the hollow foot 3. The concrete inlet pipes lare supported by being lightly clamped to the clearing lugs and the pile foot, for example, by means of small blocks.

When the beam 61 is being driven into the ground, the llat chiseblike shoe 2 splits any hard obstructions and laterally displaces them much as the soil is displaced by the foot 3, so that beam 61 enters into the ground behind the foot 3 without substantial friction arising at its exposed surfaces. 'Ihe spaced clearing lugs 65 and 66 again keep the hollow cavity around the beamalike pile 61, created by the earth displacing foot 3, clear of soil which partly tends to fall in behind the foot during driving. Upon reaching the desired depth, concrete under high pressure is fed through the inlet pipes 69 by any suitable compressed concrete feeding device. At the lower end of the concrete inlet pipes the concrete ilows into the hollow foot 3, completely filling the same. The inlet pipes 69 are then, during continued feeding of compressed concrete, either lifted away in stages or slowly and continuously, out of the hollow cavity in the ground. Concrete under pressure flows at the same time into the hollow space around the pile 61 and gradually lills it from bottom to top, until nally it spills out over the ground surface. This is then a sure indication that the pile 61 is completely enveloped in concrete over the whole of its (length.

Fig. 17 shows how a plurality of beams 61 may be interconnected and together encased in concrete to form pile sheeting. If such pile sheeting is driven in water, and if the concrete jacket has to be applied even while standing in water covering the ground, then sheet steel casings are set up in the ground in front of the pile sheeting on the side to be subsequently exposed to the water, and the hollow cavity between said sheet steel casings and the pile sheeting, similarly to the hollow cavity in the ground itself, is lled with concrete under a lower pressure by means of concrete inlet pipes 69. The water standing in and above the hollow cavity in the ground, when the piles are driven in water is displaced upwardly and forwardly by the heavier concrete without mingling therewith, if cane is exercised in compressing said concrete.

Similarly to the steel pile sheeting, piles of box-like construction and sheetings which are combinations of beam-like piles may be driven in if fitted with earth displacing feet, and encased with compressed concrete.

Dependent upon the types of ground and the shape of the beam-like piles it is possible either to equip each beam with a single pile foot occupying the whole width of the beam, or with several smaller displacing feet. The number of compressed concrete inlet pipes for encasing the beams in compressed concrete is likewise governed by the corresponding shape of said beams.

The compressed concrete foundation accorded to the pile sheeting as proposed by the invention enables beams to be permanently driven in even in a very corrosive ground, because the steel beam may be provided with a concnete jacket of which the concrete includes a special additive for withstanding acids and so forth. The compressed concnete foundation given to the sheeting has the further advantage in that it seals olf said sheeting in the ground, which is of especially great importance in dam works, in that substantial resistance is offered to the penetration of said foundation even by dam water at high pressure.

In conclusion, a steel pile sheeting encased in a compressed concrete foundation as proposed by the invention 6 can support a substantially greater weight in the ground on account of its concrete foot, than can sheeting which is merely driven in.

I claim:

1. A prefabricated pile shaft adapted for driving into the ground, said pile shaft comprising a solid central column made of hardened cementitious material, a metal frame embedded in said column lengthwise thereof to reinforce the column, a generally wedge shaped hollow foot secured to one end of said column, the maximum peripheral outline of said foot being wider than the peripheral outline of said column, a sealing collar secured to the other end of said column, the maximum peripheral outline of said collar being also wider than the peripheral outline of said column, external feed pipes extending along the outside wall of said column parallel thereto, the ends of the pipes facing the foot being open for feeding cementitious material in owable condition into the foot and alongside the column, and a plurality of guide lugs for the pipes latenally protruding from the outside wall of said column in longitudinally and peripherally spaced relationship, said pipes being retained by said lugs lengthwise of the column and longitudinally slidable in reference thereto, the peripheral outline defined by said pipes being within the peripheral outline defined by said lugs.

2. A prefabricated pile shaft adapted for driving into the ground, said pile shaft comprising a solid central column formed of hardened cementitious material, a metal frame embedded in said material and extending lengthwise of the colunm, said frame comprising an upper ring embedded in one end of the column and a lower ring embedded in the other end of the column and a plurality of parallel bars extending within the material between said rings, the opposite ends of said bars being fixedly secured to said rings in circumferentially spaced relationship, a generally wedge shaped hollow foot xedly secured to the lower ring to protrude from the respective end of the column, a head plate lixedly secured to the upper ring, the peripheral outlines of said foot and plate being wider than the peripheral outline of the column, external feed pipes extending along the outside of said column lengthwise thereof, the ends of the pipes facing the foot being open for feeding cemetitious material in flowable condition into the foot and alongside the column, and a plurality of guide lugs for the pipes xedly secured to said bars and laterally protruding from the outside wall of said column longitudinally and peripherally spaced along the length thereof, said pipes extending through said lugs and being longitudinally slidable in reference to the lugs and the column, the peripheral outline delined by said pipes being within the peripheral outline defined by said lugs.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 903,441 Brace Nov. 10, 1908 927,963 Gibb -..7-.. July 13, 1909 1,661,270 Ryder et al Mar. 6, 1928 2,008,521 'llakechi July 16, 1935 2,080,406 Allen May 18, 1937 2,089,763 Rotinoff Aug. 10, 1937 2,162,108 Newman June 13, 1939 2,403,643 Dresser July 9, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS 298,478 Great Britain Ian. 24, 1929 541,509 Great Britain Nov. 28, 1941 65,976 Holland June 15, 1950

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