US2950450A - Attenuators or suppressors for attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations - Google Patents
Attenuators or suppressors for attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations Download PDFInfo
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- US2950450A US2950450A US643380A US64338057A US2950450A US 2950450 A US2950450 A US 2950450A US 643380 A US643380 A US 643380A US 64338057 A US64338057 A US 64338057A US 2950450 A US2950450 A US 2950450A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
- H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
- H01J23/46—Loop coupling devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
- H01J23/30—Damping arrangements associated with slow-wave structures, e.g. for suppression of unwanted oscillations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
- H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
- H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
- H01P1/162—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion absorbing spurious or unwanted modes of propagation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P7/04—Coaxial resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/1817—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator
- H03B5/1835—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator the active element in the amplifier being a vacuum tube
Definitions
- This invention relates to attenuators or suppressors for attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations such as may arise in cavity resonators and in waveguides.
- the invention is particularly applicable to attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations which may be set up in cavity resonators employed in conjunction with oscillation generators of the reflex klystron type.
- the resonators employed in such oscillators usually have a toroidal form and in operation an electric field is set up substantially parallel to the axis of the resonator and a magnetic field transverse with respect to said axis. It is well-known, however, that such cavity resonators have a large number of frequency modes in which oscillation is possible.
- the electric field With a toroidal resonator oscillating in the lowest frequency or fundamental mode, which is usually termed the M4 mode, the electric field has one nodal surface at the outer boundary wall of the resonator, and the next higher frequency mode, i.e. the 3M 4 mode, has two nodal surfaces, one at the outer boundary wall and another between the centre of the cavity where the electric field is at a maximum and the outer boundary wall.
- the next higher mode i.e. the 5M4 mode
- interference between the different modes will occur unless the unwanted modes are attenuated or suppressed.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved attenuator or suppressor for attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations which has substantially little effect in attenuating desired oscillations.
- an attenuator or suppressor comprising coupling means for coupling said attenuator or suppressor to a source of desired and undesired oscillations of difierent frequencies, a twoconductor transmission line one of the conductors of which screens the other and having the screened conductor connected to said coupling means and having a length effectively equal to a quarter wavelength at the frequency .of said desired oscillations, means shortcircuiting the conductors of said line at their ends remote from said coupling means and a resistive load in series with said line, said resistive load being disposed at a tatcs Patent 0 2,950,450 Patented Aug. 23, 1960 point in said line where a current minimum is set up for said desired oscillations.
- said transmission line is connected to said coupling means by a further section of transmission line of lower characteristic impedance than and in series with said first section and forming a circuit also tuned to the frequency of the desired oscillations, said sections serving to transform the high impedance of said first section to a low impedance at the point where said coupling means is connected to said further section and at the frequency of the desired oscillations.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-section through a suppressor in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 illustrates the suppressor shown in Figure 1 as applied to the cavity resonator of a reflex klystron
- Figure 3 of the drawings illustrates a modified suppressor in accordance with the invention also as applied to the cavity resonator of a reflex klystron.
- the attenuator or suppressor comprises a loop 1 which is of low impedance and serves to couple the suppressor to a source of desired and undesired oscillations such as the cavity of a reflex klystron or a waveguide, the loop 1 being formed integrally with the centre conductor 2 of a coaxial transmission line the outer conductor of which is indicated at 3.
- the transmission line terminates in a resistive load indicated at 4 which is composed of suitable resistiveor lossy material such as a mixture of graphite and Permalby iron dust which surrounds the end of the inner conductor 2 of the transmission line and ishoused in a tubular recess formed in an end cap 5 and in a tubular extension 6 thereof which forms a screen for said load as shown.
- the coaxial transmission line is formed in. two sections, the first section 7 adjacent the loop 1 being of low characteristic impedance, whilst the second section 8 is in series with the section 7 and is of high characteristic impedance the ratio of impedance being of the order of 10:1.
- Each section 7 and S is effectively approximately a quarter of a wavelength long at the desired frequency so that both sections are in effect circuits tuned to the desired frequency.
- the section 8 is short circuited at its end remote from the loop 1 by the cap 5. The section 8 thus presents a high impedance at the desired frequency so that the load 4 is ineffective to damp the source of oscillations i.e.
- the two sections function as transformers so that the high impedance of the section 3 is transformed by the section 7 so as to set up across the input to said suppressor indicated at the point 9 a very low impedance,
- the resistive material 4 is disposed at a point of a current minimum of the oscillations of desired frequency, whilst other oscillations of undesired frequency have an appreciable current density at this point and are so heavily loaded that they either cease to oscillate or the oscillations are so feeble that substantially no interference or hyteresis is set up.
- Figure 2 of the drawings indicates the suppressor shown in Figure 1 as applied to the cavity 10 of a reflex klystron 11, the suppressor being inserted radially in the peripheral or probe A the H 0.090", the internal diameter of the sleeve, 0.0707 and 'len'gth'o'fthe sleeve 01300, 'andthe lo'ssy material'extends for a distance '-of0.425".
- Such a cavity resonator may be .tound to set up oscillations in the M4, 3M4 and 5 ⁇ /4 fiiodes corresponding to frequencies of approximately 2,200, 9,000 and 11,000 megacy'cls "per seeded respecmay; Tn such an arrangement it "ri'iayfb'edesifedto suppressnndesirea A/ 4 atidSA/ljrh'dde's without suppressing substantially the desired mode of SA/4. 'sii press'snch undesired modes the suppressor may have the ⁇ following dimensions:
- pedance of the section 7 is about 7 ohms and the characteristicimpedance of'the section 8 about 70 ohms;
- Figure 3 of the drawings "illustrates a modified 'forrn' of suppressor in which instead of employing the lo'op 1 thecentre conductor 2 of the transmission line projects beyond the section 7 so as to form arprobe 12 and With such anar'rangement the suppressor is inserted through f oneof the side walls of the cavity resonator so that "the probe extends intogthe position shown in Figure '3'.
- An attenuator compr sing coupling means for 0011- pling said attenuator to a source of desired and undesired oscillations of different frequencies a coaxial transmission line'having an inner and an outer conductor with the inner conductor connected to said couplingmeans 'and the inner conductor of said line, a tubular conductor surrounding said resistive layer and electrically connected to said means short circuitingthe conductors of said line and disposed between said inner and outer conductors,
- said resistive layer being situated at a point in'said line where a current minimum is set up for said desired oscillations so that substantial attenuation of said undesired oscillations occurs with little attenuation of said 'dmired oscillations.
- a cavity resonator provided with an attenuator sornprising coupling means coupling said attenuator to said cavity resonator which constitutes a source of desired and undesired oscillations of different frequencies, a
- coaxial transmission line having an inner and an outer conductor withtheinner "conductor connected to said coupling means and having a length effectively equal to a quarter of a Wavelength at the frequency of said desired oscillations, means short circuiting the conductors of having a length effectively equal to a quarter of a wavelength at the frequency of said desired oscillations,
- An attenuator comprising coupling means for couwith little attenuation of pling said attenuator to a source of desired and undesired oscillations of diiferent frequencies, a coaxial transmiss1on line having an inner and an outer conductor with the inner conductor connected to said coupling means,
- said line comprising a first section adjacent said coupling means having a length effectively equal tora quarter wavesaid line at their ends remote from said coupling means,
- Acavity resonator providedwith an 'attenuator'comprising coupling means coupling said attenuator to said cavity resonator which constitu es a source of desired and undesired "oscillations ofdifferent frequencies, a coaxial transmission linejhaving aninner and an outer conductor *Wl'th (the inner conductor connected to said coupling means, said line-comprising a first section'a'diacent said coupling means having a length'eifectively equal to a quarter Wavelength at the frequency ofsaid; desired oscillationsand having a low 'characteristic-hnpedance, and a second section-in series with said first section'and having fa'le'n'gth efiectively equal toaquarterwavelngth at'the frequency 'of's'ai'd desiredoscillations andfhaving ahigher characteristic 'impsdancethan said first section, means "short circuitingthe conductors of
Description
Aug. 23,
ilted? ATTENUATORS R SUPPRESSORS FOR ATTENU- iLXA'PNG 2R SUPPRESSING UNDESIRED OSCIL- TION Leonard Tony King, Georgetown, Ontario, Canada, as-
siguor to Electric 8: Musical Industries Limited, Hayes, England, a company of Great Britain This invention relates to attenuators or suppressors for attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations such as may arise in cavity resonators and in waveguides. The invention is particularly applicable to attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations which may be set up in cavity resonators employed in conjunction with oscillation generators of the reflex klystron type.
The resonators employed in such oscillators usually have a toroidal form and in operation an electric field is set up substantially parallel to the axis of the resonator and a magnetic field transverse with respect to said axis. It is well-known, however, that such cavity resonators have a large number of frequency modes in which oscillation is possible. With a toroidal resonator oscillating in the lowest frequency or fundamental mode, which is usually termed the M4 mode, the electric field has one nodal surface at the outer boundary wall of the resonator, and the next higher frequency mode, i.e. the 3M 4 mode, has two nodal surfaces, one at the outer boundary wall and another between the centre of the cavity where the electric field is at a maximum and the outer boundary wall. The next higher mode, i.e. the 5M4 mode, has three nodal surfaces, and so on. In many applications it is important to attenuate, or if possible suppress, all modes of frequency other than the desired mode. Thus, in the case of a reflex ldystron where the reflector voltage ranges, corresponding to the modes in which the resonator is likely to oscillate, overlap, interference between the different modes will occur unless the unwanted modes are attenuated or suppressed. Interference, if the unwanted modes are not attenuated, produces a hysteresis efiect of the reflector voltage/power characteristic of the klystron which is undesirable. In the case where it is desired to excite a cavity resonator in a harmonic mode in order to maintain dimensions of the cavity within reasonable size, the above-mentioned difiiculties are particularly pronounced, although it will of course be appreciated that similar difiiculties are encountered when the wanted frequency mode is the fundamental frequency mode of the cavity.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved attenuator or suppressor for attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations which has substantially little effect in attenuating desired oscillations.
According to the invention there is provided an attenuator or suppressor comprising coupling means for coupling said attenuator or suppressor to a source of desired and undesired oscillations of difierent frequencies, a twoconductor transmission line one of the conductors of which screens the other and having the screened conductor connected to said coupling means and having a length effectively equal to a quarter wavelength at the frequency .of said desired oscillations, means shortcircuiting the conductors of said line at their ends remote from said coupling means and a resistive load in series with said line, said resistive load being disposed at a tatcs Patent 0 2,950,450 Patented Aug. 23, 1960 point in said line where a current minimum is set up for said desired oscillations.
Preferably said transmission line is connected to said coupling means by a further section of transmission line of lower characteristic impedance than and in series with said first section and forming a circuit also tuned to the frequency of the desired oscillations, said sections serving to transform the high impedance of said first section to a low impedance at the point where said coupling means is connected to said further section and at the frequency of the desired oscillations.
In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, it will now be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-section through a suppressor in accordance with one embodiment of the invention,
Figure 2 illustrates the suppressor shown in Figure 1 as applied to the cavity resonator of a reflex klystron, and
Figure 3 of the drawings illustrates a modified suppressor in accordance with the invention also as applied to the cavity resonator of a reflex klystron.
As shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, the attenuator or suppressor comprises a loop 1 which is of low impedance and serves to couple the suppressor to a source of desired and undesired oscillations such as the cavity of a reflex klystron or a waveguide, the loop 1 being formed integrally with the centre conductor 2 of a coaxial transmission line the outer conductor of which is indicated at 3. The transmission line terminates in a resistive load indicated at 4 which is composed of suitable resistiveor lossy material such as a mixture of graphite and Permalby iron dust which surrounds the end of the inner conductor 2 of the transmission line and ishoused in a tubular recess formed in an end cap 5 and in a tubular extension 6 thereof which forms a screen for said load as shown. The coaxial transmission line is formed in. two sections, the first section 7 adjacent the loop 1 being of low characteristic impedance, whilst the second section 8 is in series with the section 7 and is of high characteristic impedance the ratio of impedance being of the order of 10:1. Each section 7 and S is effectively approximately a quarter of a wavelength long at the desired frequency so that both sections are in effect circuits tuned to the desired frequency. The section 8 is short circuited at its end remote from the loop 1 by the cap 5. The section 8 thus presents a high impedance at the desired frequency so that the load 4 is ineffective to damp the source of oscillations i.e. a cavity resonator or waveguide at the desired frequency but presents a lower impedance at the frequencies of undesired oscillations and so tends to damp the source and so suppress the undesired oscillations. The two sections function as transformers so that the high impedance of the section 3 is transformed by the section 7 so as to set up across the input to said suppressor indicated at the point 9 a very low impedance,
7 so that for the desired frequency an effective short circuit is provided at the point 9 whereby desired frequencies are substantially prevented from passing to the resistive load 4, whilst other frequencies are permitted to pass and to be absorbed in said load. Thus the resistive material 4 is disposed at a point of a current minimum of the oscillations of desired frequency, whilst other oscillations of undesired frequency have an appreciable current density at this point and are so heavily loaded that they either cease to oscillate or the oscillations are so feeble that substantially no interference or hyteresis is set up.
Figure 2 of the drawings indicates the suppressor shown in Figure 1 as applied to the cavity 10 of a reflex klystron 11, the suppressor being inserted radially in the peripheral or probe A the H 0.090", the internal diameter of the sleeve, 0.0707 and 'len'gth'o'fthe sleeve 01300, 'andthe lo'ssy material'extends for a distance '-of0.425". The characteristic im- 3 Wall of the cavity resonator with the loop 1 projecting in the position shown. Such a cavity resonator may be .tound to set up oscillations in the M4, 3M4 and 5 \/4 fiiodes corresponding to frequencies of approximately 2,200, 9,000 and 11,000 megacy'cls "per seeded respecmay; Tn such an arrangement it "ri'iayfb'edesifedto suppressnndesirea A/ 4 atidSA/ljrh'dde's without suppressing substantially the desired mode of SA/4. 'sii press'snch undesired modes the suppressor may have the {following dimensions:
"In order to a from said coupling means, a resistive layer surrounding The "external diameter 'of the suppressor is 0375f, the
internal diameter of the section 8, 0.290", the'length of the 'sections'7 and 8, 0.300", the diameter of the loop external diameter "of the sleeve 6,
pedance of the section 7 is about 7 ohms and the characteristicimpedance of'the section 8 about 70 ohms;
' Figure 3 of the drawings "illustrates a modified 'forrn' of suppressor in which instead of employing the lo'op 1 thecentre conductor 2 of the transmission line projects beyond the section 7 so as to form arprobe 12 and With such anar'rangement the suppressor is inserted through f oneof the side walls of the cavity resonator so that "the probe extends intogthe position shown in Figure '3'.
' Although the invention has been shown in the drawings as applied 'to the resonator of a reflex klystron, it will be understood that the inventioncan also be applied,
'for example, to the suppressing of unwanted frequency oscillations in waveguides. 7 :What I claim is:
. 1. An attenuator compr sing coupling means for 0011- pling said attenuator to a source of desired and undesired oscillations of different frequencies, a coaxial transmission line'having an inner and an outer conductor with the inner conductor connected to said couplingmeans 'and the inner conductor of said line, a tubular conductor surrounding said resistive layer and electrically connected to said means short circuitingthe conductors of said line and disposed between said inner and outer conductors,
said resistive layer being situated at a point in'said line where a current minimum is set up for said desired oscillations so that substantial attenuation of said undesired oscillations occurs with little attenuation of said 'dmired oscillations. 1
3. A cavity resonator provided with an attenuator sornprising coupling means coupling said attenuator to said cavity resonator which constitutes a source of desired and undesired oscillations of different frequencies, a
coaxial transmission line having an inner and an outer conductor withtheinner "conductor connected to said coupling means and having a length effectively equal to a quarter of a Wavelength at the frequency of said desired oscillations, means short circuiting the conductors of having a length effectively equal to a quarter of a wavelength at the frequency of said desired oscillations,
means short-circuiting the conductors of said line, at their ends remote from said coupling means, a resistive layer surrounding the inner conductor of said line,,a tubular conductor surrounding said resistive layer'and electrically 7 connected to said means shortcircuiting the conductors of said line and disposed between said inner and outer conductors, said resistive layer being situated at apoint in said line where a current minimum is set up for said undesired oscillations occurs said desired oscillations,
'2. An attenuator comprising coupling means for couwith little attenuation of pling said attenuator to a source of desired and undesired oscillations of diiferent frequencies, a coaxial transmiss1on line having an inner and an outer conductor with the inner conductor connected to said coupling means,
said line comprising a first section adjacent said coupling means having a length effectively equal tora quarter wavesaid line at their ends remote from said coupling means,
isset 'upfor said desired oscillations so that substantial attenuation of said undesired oscillationsoccurs Withilittle "attenuation of said desired oscillations.
14. Acavity resonator providedwith an 'attenuator'comprising coupling means coupling said attenuator to said cavity resonator which constitu es a source of desired and undesired "oscillations ofdifferent frequencies, a coaxial transmission linejhaving aninner and an outer conductor *Wl'th (the inner conductor connected to said coupling means, said line-comprising a first section'a'diacent said coupling means having a length'eifectively equal to a quarter Wavelength at the frequency ofsaid; desired oscillationsand having a low 'characteristic-hnpedance, and a second section-in series with said first section'and having fa'le'n'gth efiectively equal toaquarterwavelngth at'the frequency 'of's'ai'd desiredoscillations andfhaving ahigher characteristic 'impsdancethan said first section, means "short circuitingthe conductors of 'said lineattheir ends remote from said coupling means, a resistive layer surfr'oundin'g 'the inner conductor of said-line, a 'tubular fc'oriductor surrounding and electrically connected to said desired oscillations so thatsubstantial attenuation of said 'means 's'hort'circuitin'g the conductors of "said line and disposed between said inner and "outer conductors, 'said resistive layer being situated 'at'a point'in said line where a current minimum is set up for'said desired'oscillations so that substantialatt'enuation 0f said'undesire'd oscillatio'ns occurs 'with'little attenuation of said desired oscillength at the frequency of said desired oscillations and having a low characteristic impedance, and a second sec- 7 tiou in' series with said first sectionand havinga length effectively equal to a quarter wavelength at the frequency tofsaid desired oscillations and having a higher character ist c impedance than said first section, means short circuiting the conducotrs of said line at their ends remote 'lations.
References Cited in the file of this'pate'nt V UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,473,448
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1167360X | 1956-03-03 | ||
| GB2950450X | 1956-03-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2950450A true US2950450A (en) | 1960-08-23 |
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ID=26316207
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US643380A Expired - Lifetime US2950450A (en) | 1956-03-03 | 1957-03-01 | Attenuators or suppressors for attenuating or suppressing undesired oscillations |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2950450A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3065377A (en) * | 1959-12-12 | 1962-11-20 | Kenneth G Eakin | Microwave generator |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2473448A (en) * | 1945-04-18 | 1949-06-14 | Foster F Rieke | Oscillator |
| US2701339A (en) * | 1951-05-01 | 1955-02-01 | Rca Corp | Transmission line filter |
| US2704348A (en) * | 1950-10-11 | 1955-03-15 | Polytechnic Inst | Microwave power measuring system |
| GB751741A (en) * | 1953-10-07 | 1956-07-04 | Emi Ltd | Improvements in or relating to cavity resonators |
| US2790959A (en) * | 1951-05-18 | 1957-04-30 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Electric filter circuits |
-
1957
- 1957-03-01 US US643380A patent/US2950450A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2473448A (en) * | 1945-04-18 | 1949-06-14 | Foster F Rieke | Oscillator |
| US2704348A (en) * | 1950-10-11 | 1955-03-15 | Polytechnic Inst | Microwave power measuring system |
| US2701339A (en) * | 1951-05-01 | 1955-02-01 | Rca Corp | Transmission line filter |
| US2790959A (en) * | 1951-05-18 | 1957-04-30 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Electric filter circuits |
| GB751741A (en) * | 1953-10-07 | 1956-07-04 | Emi Ltd | Improvements in or relating to cavity resonators |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3065377A (en) * | 1959-12-12 | 1962-11-20 | Kenneth G Eakin | Microwave generator |
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